Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients May Be Associated with Perioperative Blood Pressure Fluctuations
No full textPostoperative delirium (PD) is a common complication of surgery in elderly patients, but its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. In order to clarify the role of intraoperative hypotension and fluctuation of blood pressure in the development of PD, we conducted a follow-up study in elderly patients with intraoperative hypotension and fluctuation of blood pressure. A total of 237 patients underwent hip surgery between July 2018 and September 2019, and 158 patients who were eligible for inclusion were enrolled in the study. One day before the operation, the mentality of patients was evaluated by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), and the sex, age, height, and weight of the patients were recorded. Radial artery puncture was performed in all patients before anesthesia, intraoperative SBP, MAP and DBP were recorded, and the surgical events of the patients was recorded. The markers associated with PD (TNF-α, IL-6 and S-100β) were determined before and after surgery. Perioperative delirium (PD) was assessed by the prevailing standard of assessment, Confusion of Consciousness Assessment (CAM). Cognitive assessment was evaluated using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). In addition, the timing and type of delirium were recorded. There were 158 patients which were accorded with the inclusion criteria came into the study. The results of our data showed that delirium occurred in 41 patients (25.9%) during the first week after surgery. In the comparison between the PD group and the non-PD group, it was found that the patients with postoperative delirium were older, lower body mass index and higher MMSE score before operation. Intraoperative blood pressure is low, usually more than 30% lower than preoperative blood pressure. The levels of TNF- α, IL-6 and Smur100 β were higher after operation. The increased incidence of postoperative delirium may be related to intraoperative hypotension and intraoperative blood pressure fluctuation. The pathophysiological mechanism may be that hypotension causes low cerebral perfusion, which in turn causes local inflammation in the brain. In addition, postoperative delirium is also more likely to occur in older patients with lower body mass index
Effects of Forest Restoration Techniques on Community Diversity and Aboveground Biomass on Area Affected by Mining Tailings in Mariana, Southeastern Brazil
No full textCurrently there is an urgent and special attention in actions to restore tropical forests. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different restoration methods on aboveground biomass (AGB) stock, tree community diversity and structure, in areas affected by the Fundão tailings dam collapse in Mariana, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We measured and compiled data of the AGB, community diversity and structure attributes in 36 plots distributed in six restoration treatments and six replicas: planting of native tree seedlings with fertilization and pH correction (PSf) and without fertilization and pH correction (PS); seeding of native trees with fertilization and pH correction (SDf) and without fertilization and pH correction (SD); natural regeneration with fertilization and pH correction (NRf) and without fertilization and pH correction (NR). No significant differences in substrate properties and AGB between treatments. Although biomass storage between treatments was not statistically different, there is a clear pattern showing higher values active restoration method. The Pielou index ranged from 0.520 (SDf) to 0.943 (NR), except for SDf all the others treatments had values higher than 0.76. This result suggests floristic heterogeneity, without ecological dominance in the plant community. Overall, active restoration had important implications for the forest restoration where natural regeneration is limited
Impacts of Rice Field Winter Planting on Soil Organic Carbon and Carbon Management Index
No full textTo tackle with the problem of prevailing farmland abandonment in winter, 5 treatments includes Chinese milk vetch-double cropping rice (CRR), rape-double cropping rice (RRR), garlic-double cropping rice (GRR), winter crop multiple cropping rotation (ROT), winter fallow control (WRR) were set up. By measuring soil total organic carbon, active organic carbon and its components and calculating the soil carbon pool management index in 0~15 cm and 15~30 cm soil layers in the early and late rice ripening stage. The effects of different winter planting patterns on the changes of soil organic carbon and carbon pool management index were discussed. In order to provide theoretical basis for the optimization and adjustment of winter planting pattern of double cropping rice field in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. The results showed that soil total organic carbon, active organic carbon and its components in different winter cropping patterns were increased, and ROT and CRR treatments were more beneficial to the accumulation of soil total organic carbon, active organic carbon and its components as well as the improvement of soil carbon pool management index, which should be preferred in the adjustment of cropping patterns
Proposal of Single Sideband Modulation Scheme Using Frequency Domain Filtering
No full textWith the rapid development of wireless systems, the demand for frequency resources has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the high-quality communication method that efficiently utilizes finite frequency resources. In this paper, Single Sideband 16 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (SSB 16PAM) scheme for the uplink communication is proposed. It transmits data in only Lower Sideband (LSB) without extra Hilbert components. Under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel environment, Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme is superior by 3 dB in terms of Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) to 256 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (256QAM) scheme with the same frequency efficiency and the same Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Our proposed scheme employs the original frequency domain filter on the transmitter side to form an ideal spectrum. The configuration of its process is almost similar to Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), moreover, half of the input data on the frequency domain is removed. The proposed frequency domain filter produces the SSBmodulated spectrum with a roll-off rate of zero without degrading the BER performance
A Comprehensive Review of Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment in Delta State, Southern Part of Nigeria
No full textThis research presents a review on water resources in Delta state, southern part of Nigeria, with emphasis on hydrogeochemical and microbial assessment. It evaluates factors responsible for water contamination, and their resulting health challenges within the study area. To achieve the objective of this study, related articles were downloaded from Google, published article on influence of hydrogeochemical and microbial activities on water resources. These articles were thoroughly studied. Findings from this study, suggested that groundwater was more studied than surface water. We also observed that groundwater within the riverine communities is much more prone to pollution when compared to groundwater in an upland area. Results from various authors suggested that, larger percentage of groundwater showed presence of coliform. Further findings suggested that geochemical processes such as rock water interaction, seawater intrusion and precipitation influences groundwater quality within the study area especially within Sombreiro-Warri Deltaic Plain Deposit
Sequential Damming Induced Winter Season Flash Flood in Uttarakhand Province of India
No full text204 persons were killed while two hydropower projects located in close proximity at Rishiganga (13.2 MW), and Tapoban (520 MW) were damaged in Dhauliganga flood of February 7, 2021 in the Indian Himalaya. This incidence occurred during the winter season when the discharge of the glacier fed rivers is minimal, and no rain was experienced in the region around the time of the flood. Despite discharge of the main river, Rishiganga, not involved in the flood due to damming upstream of its confluence with Raunthi Gadhera, based on field evidences massive volume of around 6 million cu m water involved in this flood is attributed to sequential intermittent damming at three different places; (i) Raunthi Gadhera was dammed first in its upper reaches, (ii) Rishiganga river was then dammed to the north of Murunna, and (iii) finally Dhauliganga river was dammed around Rini village to the upstream of its confluence with Rishiganga river. Lacking warning system only enhanced the flood-induced devastation. Legally binding disaster risk assessment regime, together with robust warning generation, and dissemination infrastructure are therefore recommended for all major infrastructure projects
A Comparative Study of Groundwater between Geological Groups of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria Using Modelling Approach
No full textGroundwater studies were carried out between two geological groups to evaluate factors that influences groundwater geochemistry. To achieve this, 30 groundwater samples were collected. Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (Ec), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), and hydrochemical characteristics (Na2+, K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3¯, NO3¯, Cl¯, CO23¯, and SO42¯) of groundwater were determined. Findings revealed that the pH value for Asu River Group ranges from 5.3 to 7.5, and that of Eze Aku Group ranges from 4.1 to 7.9. It was observed that areas around the mines had low pH values. Analyzed results that were obtained were interpreted using various hydrogeochemical models. Parson plots reflected that groundwater within the two geological groups fell within Ca˗Mg˗SO4 and Ca˗Mg˗Cl. Results from End˗member plots showed that 96% of groundwater samples analyzed were categorized under carbonate weathering, 4% fell silicate weathering. Gibbs plots revealed that interactions between groundwater and surrounding host rocks are mostly the main processes responsible for chemical characteristics of groundwater, Diamond field plots suggested that groundwater within the study were categorized to be high in Ca + Mg & SO4 + Cl, the plot of Ca2+/(HCO3¯+SO42¯) against Na+/Cl¯ revealed that groundwater was considered to be within the natural state for the two group. The plot of TDS against TH showed that groundwater is classified as soft freshwater. The study revealed there was no significant difference between factors that influence groundwater within the two geological
Truth and False-carbon Dioxide Mitigation Technologies
No full textResearch progress is required to be enhanced for those storage technologies which store CO2 fast and permanently. However, temporary storage technologies importance cannot be denied to immediately reduce global warming and reduce higher CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Continuous CO2 storage facilities, semi-batch and batch pilot plants deemed necessary to build for future survival of the earth planet. Membranes can be used to separate CO2 from common flue gases followed by mineral carbonation to convert CO2 into stable carbonates. Modifications in cement industry, coal fired power plants, fertilizer industries and other chemical process industries appears essential
Application of LSTM and CONV1D LSTM Network in Stock Forecasting Model
No full textPredicting the direction of the stock market has always been a huge challenge. Also, the way of forecasting the stock market reduces the risk in the financial market, thus ensuring that brokers can make normal returns. Despite the complexities of the stock market, the challenge has been increasingly addressed by experts in a variety of disciplines, including economics, statistics, and computer science. The introduction of machine learning, in-depth understanding of the prospects of the financial market, thus doing many experiments to predict the future so that the stock price trend has different degrees of success. In this paper, we propose a method to predict stocks from different industries and markets, as well as trend prediction using traditional machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, polynomial regression and learning techniques in time series prediction using two forms of special types of recursive neural networks: long and short time memory (LSTM) and spoken short-term memory
Effective Bandwidth Estimation in Data Networks: An Analysis for Two Traffic Characterizations
No full textThe Generalized Markov Fluid Model (GMFM) is assumed for modeling sources in the network because it is versatile to describe the traffic fluctuations. In order to estimate resources allocations or in other words the channel occupation of each source,the concept of effective bandwidth (EB) proposed by Kelly is used. In this paper we use an expression to determine the EB for this model which is of particular interest because it allows expressing said magnitude depending on the parameters of the model.This paper provides EB estimates for this model applying Kernel Estimation techniques in data networking.In particular we will study two differentiated cases:dispatches following a Gaussian and Exponential distribution.The performance of the proposed method is analyzed using simulated traffic traces generated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithms.The estimation process worked much better in the Gaussian distribution case than in the Exponential one