Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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Petrology and Geochemical Features of Crystalline Rocks in Ora-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria
No full textThis research investigates and reports on the petrology and geochemical characteristics of crystalline basement rocks in Ora-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria. Exhaustive geological investigation reveals migmatite, banded gneiss, granite gneiss and biotite gneiss underlie the area. In reducing order of abundance, petrographic examination reveals that migmatite contains quartz, muscovite and opaque minerals. Banded geniuses contain quartz, biotite, plagioclase, and opaque minerals. Granite geniuses contain quartz, plagioclase, biotite, microcline and opaque; while biotite geniuses contain biotite, plagioclase, opaque minerals, and quartz. Silica contents in migmatite (69.50%-72.66%; ca. 71.23%), banded gneiss (71.66%-77.1%; ca. 75.23%), biotite gneiss (72.32%-76.18%; ca. 73.83%) and granite gneiss (69.82%-73.15%; ca. 71.95%) indicate the rocks are siliceous. High alumina contents in migmatite (12.18%), banded gneiss (10.28%), biotite gneiss (11.46%) and granite gneiss (9.97%) are comparable to similar rocks in the basement complex. All the rocks show Ba, Sr and Rb enrichment. Harker diagrams of Al2O3 versus SiO2 and CaO versus SiO2 show negative trends while Na2O versus SiO2, K2O versus SiO2 and TiO2 versus SiO2 plots showed positive trends. This variation probably depicts extensive crystal fractionation in the magmatic systems that produced the rocks prior to metamorphism or partial melting of the precursor rock. SiO2 versus (Na2O + K2O) classifies the rocks as granite to granodiorite. The rocks are high K-calc-alkaline and calc-alkalic on SiO2-K2O plot. This shows the rocks are potassic meaningthat they are formed from a potassium-rich source. The plot of Al2O3/(Na2O + K2O) versus Al2O3/(CaO +Na2O + K2O) reveals the crystalline rocks are orogenic and originated from granitoid with meta luminous affinity. The rocks consist of gneisses of no economic minerals, but the petrology reveals them as common rocks typical of metamorphic terrains and geochemical features of the rocks reveal they are felsic and of granitic composition.
Weed Species Composition in Paddy Field of Usur Town, Bade Local Government, Yobe State, Nigeria
No full textFarmers are eager to know the various types of weeds in paddy fields. This will help in choosing the best weed management practice for effective weed control as well as reducing rice yield losses. The objectives of the study are to identify the weeds species affecting the rice field, to assess the composition of weeds species, to classify the weed species into different families, genera, species, common names, Hausa names, lifecycles, life forms, native/exotic species, propagation and uses, and to determine the dominant weed species. Random vegetation surveys were conducted. Weeds observed were photographed, and prepared as herbarium specimens. Standard key manuals and checklists were utilized for weed identification and later organized using the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification system. A total number of 72 plants species distributed within 16 families and 50 genera were inventoried. The annuals (66.67%) were the dominant weed followed by perennials (33.33%) while biennials were the least. The broad leaves were the dominant weed (44.61%) identified followed by Poaceae (27.7%) and Sedges (11.11%). Results obtained from this study could be useful in choosing the best management practice and in making a decision on the choice of herbicides and directing research towards improved weed control measures
Impact of River Water Quality on Public Health in Perspective of Asian Rivers: A Case Study of Buriganga River, Bangladesh
No full textWater pollution is one of the current global problems. So many countries are suffering from this problem specifically most South Asian and Southeast Asian countries, and Bangladesh is one of those countries that are suffering from water pollution. Furthermore, the city of Bangladesh, Dhaka is one of the most densely populated cities in the world and overpopulation is showing a negative impact on the water quality now. Most of the rivers are very polluted around Dhaka city because of anthropogenic causes. This study focused on Buriganga river pollution and its impact on public health. This study intended to find out the major cause of Buriganga river pollution and the health status of the community living beside the Buriganga river. Also the study identified all the common diseases which people are suffering from around the Buriganga river area. Then the study compared the results with other southeast Asian countries so that it can make the relationship and can make it easier to understand the current situation of water pollution on public health in East Asia and Southeast Asia regions. During the research work, it was noticed that the Buriganga river is very polluted due to human activities. The transportation system, fishing, and waste canals from industries become the primary reasons behind Buriganga’s current condition. Also irresponsibility of both the environmental department and civil society is the major factor in Buriganga river pollution. The hygienic level was also not in a good condition because so many wastes like plastic materials and other daily use materials were thrown out into the river. That’s why public health conditions around the Buriganga river become vulnerable nowadays. So policies have to be implemented from the right perspective and the institutions have to be strong enough to handle all the issues regarding the Buriganga River
Peri-urban Development: Discussion with Land Use Zoning, Statutory Provision, and Issues inside Katahari Rural Municipality, Nepal
No full textThe peri-urban area is a transitional zone between the city and its hinterlands characterized by mixed land use and intensive flows of resources, people, goods, and services from and to the city center. These zones are generally misguided and haphazardly developed without a proper planning framework. The peri-urban area at present will be the urban area in the future; therefore, it needs planning intervention in its initial stage of growth. Katahari, a peri-urban area of Biratnagar metropolitan city, is developing a spontaneous lack of land use plans. Recently, the Government of Nepal has encouraged the local government to implement land use plans in the provided framework, policy, and guidelines. This study, in this context, attempts to analyze and identify land use issues and potential zones for Katahari rural municipality that also supports planning urban development in the future. The study is based on primary and secondary data and information supported by maps and figures. It is concluded that Katahari has been developed as a multi-function center adjoining the Biratnagar metropolitan city, and future expansion of the city will cover a wide range of rural municipalities. The postal highway that passes through it has attracted a wide range of urban functions. Agriculture, residential, commercial, and industrial are the main land use category at present and needs development control through providing land use zoning and related planning instruments through the increasing role of the stakeholder and the government agencies in the decision-making processes and implementation of spatial development frameworks to regulate peri-urban development in the area which will guide the future planning for liability, economic viability, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability in the area. Spill-over development activities of Biratnagar, have increased the number of economic activities, population growth, and mixed-use development
Effect of Substitution of Cement by Mineral Powders on the Physicomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Sand Concretes
No full textThe approach that contributes to the development of eco-materials in construction is the use of mineral powders, which can improve mechanical properties and reduce cement consumption. This article aims to study the effect of substitution by mass of cement with mineral powders on the physicomechanical properties and microstructure of sand concretes. The used mineral powders are A: the limestone, B: the natural pozzolan, C: the hydraulic lime, D: (1/3 limestone + 1/3 natural pozzolan + 1/3 hydraulic lime), and E: (1/2 natural pozzolan + 1/2 hydraulic lime). The studied percentages are 5%, 10% and 15%, in both separated and combined states. The studied properties are workability, compressive strength, the elasticity modulus in compression, shrinkage and microstructure analysis. The objective is to target the optimal percentage of the substitution of cement with mineral powders, which ensures the best compromise between the main properties of the studied sand concretes. The obtained results show that the optimal percentage is in favor of the substitution of cement by 10% D (1/3 limestone, 1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime). Even the 15% of mineral powder D, presented similar performances compared to the sand concrete (without mineral powders). Finally, in the context of the development of eco-materials, it should be noted that the 10% D and 15% D (1/3 limestone, 1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime) contribute to decrease the use of cement and consequently to reduce of CO2 emissions
Strategies for Adoption of Circular Economy in the Nigeria Construction Industry
No full textThe concept of circular economy has gained recognition as a way to manage waste and conserve resources sustainably, and has the potential to transform the construction industry. This is particularly relevant in the construction industry due to the significant amounts of waste generated during the construction and demolition process. This study examines the perceived importance and effectiveness of strategies related to the circular economy in the construction industry. The data were collected through a survey administered to professionals in the construction sector, capturing their perceptions of various strategies. The results reveal that most strategies received high mean ratings, indicating their perceived significance. Strategies such as waste management and recycling facilities, design for disassembly, and prioritising the use of renewable and sustainable materials were highly valued by the respondents. Additionally, statistical analyses confirmed the significance of these strategies. However, some strategies received comparatively lower ratings, suggesting the need for further attention and improvement. The findings have important implications for policymakers, industry professionals, and stakeholders, guiding decision-making and resource allocation. By prioritising and implementing the identified strategies, stakeholders can drive the adoption of circular economy principles, enhance resource efficiency, and reduce waste in construction practices. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for future research, highlighting the importance of exploring barriers to implementation, understanding synergies and trade-offs among strategies, conducting longitudinal studies to assess long-term impact, and broadening the participant pool for a more comprehensive understanding. Overall, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the circular economy in the construction industry and provides valuable insights for promoting sustainability and circularity within the sector
Thinking about Mode of Explosive Products
No full textThe development of businesses in the Internet era has shifted from channel to scale, to users and word of mouth. By utilizing the fans economy, the mode of explosive products has become an effective mode for focusing on core products, efficiently detonating the market, quickly acquiring users, and realizing enterprise development. This paper conducts pertinent analysis and research. It discusses how to distinguish between explosive products, explosive products, and explosive products, as well as the relevant capabilities required to build explosive products. Finally, in conjunction with the current situation, it discusses how to establish a mode of explosive products for enterprises in order to realize enterprise growth and profit
Stressed Coral Reef Identification Using Deep Learning CNN Techniques
No full textDeep learning is a machine learning technique that allows the computer to process things that occur naturally to humans. Today, deep learning techniques are commonly used in computer vision to classify images and videos. As a result, for challenging computer vision problems, deep learning provides state of the art solutions to it. Coral reefs are an essential resource of the earth. A new study finds the planet has lost half of its coral reefs since 1950. It is necessary to restore and prevent damage to coral reefs as they play an important role in maintaining a balance in the marine ecosystem. This proposed work helps to prevent the corals from bleaching and restore them to a healthy condition by identifying the root cause of the threats. In the proposed work, using deep learning CNN techniques, the images are classified into Healthy and Stressed coral reefs. Stressed coral reefs are an intermediate state of coral reef between healthy and bleached coral reefs. The pre-trained models Resnet50 and Inception V3 are used in this study to classify the images. Also, a proposed CNN model is built and tested for the same. The results of Inception V3 and Resnet50 are improved to 70% and 55% by tuning the hypermeters such as dropouts and batch normalisation. Similarly, the proposed model is tuned as required and obtains a maximum of up to 90% accuracy. With large datasets, the optimum amount of neural networks and tuning it as required brings higher accuracy than other methods
The Impact of Trade Deficits and the Burden of Crisis Oriented Economy on the Livelihoods of Nepali People
No full text29,164,578 people are living in Nepal. Out of them, 48.96% are men and 51.04% are women. The growth rate of the population is 0.93% annually. However, 216,957 individuals had been abroad for employment, education or other reasons. It has developed an addiction to imported products using remittances. The government delays spending the money allotted for capital improvements. The debt incurred by loans received from donors exceeds between 20 trillion and 80 billion of Nepal’s entire yearly budget. Based on statistics from Nepal Rastra Bank fiscal years 2021/2022, export and import contributions to overall Nepal’s foreign commerce were 8.40% and 91.60%, respectively. Due to the burden of debt and increasing trade deficit in the Nepalese economy, it has greatly affected the livelihood of the people. The increase in the prices of goods has made the lives of ordinary and low-income citizens very difficult. To reduce it, it is necessary to increase the production of indigenous products and promote their trade. Nepal needs to improve its ability to balance imports and exports. Economic dependency will reduce and the nation’s focus on self-sufficiency will increase if the market is extended by raising the output of locally produced items. There will be an increase in hazards as the state’s ability to function weakens. No nation can be entirely self-sufficient in the open global market of today by producing all the commodities and services it requires. Economic dependency will reduce and the nation’s focus on self-sufficiency will increase if the market is extended by raising the output of locally produced items. There will be an increase in hazards as the state’s ability to function weakens