Bilingual Publishing Co. (BPC): E-Journals
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An Analysis of the COVID-19 Consequences on the Uncertainty Socio-economic Indicators of Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThis study aims to investigate the main sectors of economic development before and the current situation of COVID-19 for Sub-Saharan African countries by demonstrating country experiences, the role of vaccines, and the SSA economy forecast. The study has four main sections, including an introduction, an overview of socioeconomic indicators before the pandemic, methods, results findings, and discussion. The study used mixed methods, including an approach based on secondary data. The quantitative results were analysed using both empirical methods and the researcher’s prior expertise. The analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SSA countries was based on long-term data collected by several international financial institutions. The research findings demonstrated conclusively that COVID-19 is causing the collapse of the SSA economy, the first economic recession in 25 years, 154 billion in obligations to get the SSA economy back on its feet with zero tolerance for embezzlement of public funds. These results can be used to make the economies of SSA countries resilient to the current crises and to address some thematic issues, such as the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in all SSA countries, which will save time and money by getting rid of border taxes. Therefore, policymakers can use the findings to begin formulating plans to address issues like economic development, education, and food insecurity
Optimization of ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al Layers Configuration for OLED and Study of Its Optical and Electrical Characteristics
No full textNowadays, OLEDs have shown aesthetic potential in smart cards, sensor displays, other electronic devices, sensitive medical devices and signal monitoring etc. due to their wide range of applications like low power consumption, high contrast ratio, speed highly electroluminescent, wide viewing angle and fast response time. In this paper, a highly efficient organic LED ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al with low turn-on voltage and high optically efficiency is presented including electrical and optical characteristics. The simulation of electrical characteristics like current versus applied voltage, current density versus applied voltage, recombination prefactor versus excess carrier density characteristics and optical characteristics like light flux versus current density, light flux versus applied voltage and optical efficiency versus applied voltage has been explained. The physical design, working principle and thickness of different layers along with the process of formation of singlet and triplet excitons are discussed in detail. Here double electron transport layer (ETL), cathode layers are used to enhance the electrical and optical efficiency of OLED. The operating voltage is found to be ~ 3.2 V for the ITO/V2O5/Alq3/TPBi/BPhen/LiF/Al heterostructure based OLED. The designed organic LED has achieved the maximum optical efficiency at 3 V
Weather Events Associated with Strong Earthquakes and Seismic Swarms in Italy
No full textThis study discusses the possible relationship between potentially destructive seismic events, earthquake swarms, and intense weather events occurring in the same epicentral zone at time intervals ranging from one day to a few weeks. The objective of the present study is, therefore, to analyze the interaction between the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere in order to propose, prospectively, a new hydro-climatic model to be applied not only in Italy, where this research was carried out. The study concerns some of the most intense Italian earthquakes starting from 1920, with the destructive event in Lunigiana, in North Western Apennines, until the recent earthquake swarm that hit the Emilia-Romagna region followed, as in the cases analyzed in this research, by strong atmospheric disturbances. The recurrence associating seismic events with atmospheric precipitation allows us to propose some hypotheses about the triggering mechanism. In tectonically stressed areas, during pre-seismic and seismic phases, the release of gases from the ground and electrical charges near active faults is known. It is hypothesized that water condensation nuclei are carried by radon gas on atmospheric gases, also originating from cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere, generated by air ionization
Is the Long-term Economic Decline of the Philippines Unstoppable? Trends, Reasons, Outlook
No full textThe Philippines was in the 1960s a model of development in Asia and second to Japan, but occupies presently only the 11th position under South-East and East Asian countries in terms of GDP-per capita. The article explores why this important Asian country with a long colonial past and enormous economic potential still ranks under lowerincome countries and has in the last decades let pass by many other Asian countries. In answering this question, the approach of external triggers for accelerated development is being applied. In stark contrast to the success stories of the strongly outward-looking Asian countries like the four Tigers, later of Thailand and Vietnam the Philippines never developed a vision of an open economy connecting pro-actively to the world markets. Trade is hampered by a noncompetitive and highly protected national economy. The existing FDI is more oriented to the profitable local markets. Foreign debts were never effectively used and international tourism was never well promoted. Linking these failures to the existing power structures in the country, it seems very much that the backward forces like the big landowners, the local producers and industrialists never wanted and continue not to want to open up the economy to international competition and governments are complacent with these groups. Various indicators demonstrate the long-term decline of the Philippines: Among them the slow growth of the GDP and the continuously high poverty rates. As the alliance of big business and policy holds firm no change in the failing nationalistic economic model can be detected leaving the bleak outlook that the economic decline will continue
Assessing the Impact of Gas Flaring and Carbon Dioxide Emissions on Precipitation Patterns in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Using Geospatial Analysis
No full textThis research utilizes geospatial methodologies to investigate the influence of gas flaring and carbon dioxide emissions on precipitation patterns within the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study relies on average mean precipitation data sourced from CHRS at the University of Arizona and carbon dioxide emissions data from NASA’s AIRS in Giovanni, spanning from July 2002 to November 2011. To carry out the analysis, ArcGIS 5.0 and SPSS 25, employing Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), were employed to assess CO2 emissions and rainfall for both November and July during the period from 2002 to 2011. Over the course of this study, it was observed that CO2 emission exhibited an upward trend, increasing from 327.5226 parts per million (ppm) in July 2002 to 390.0077 ppm in November 2011. Simultaneously, the rainfall demonstrated an increase, rising from 56.66 millimeters to 390.78 millimeters for both July and November from 2002 to 2011. Noteworthy findings emerged from the correlation analysis conducted. Specifically, from July 2000 to 2011, there was a weak positive correlation (0.3858) observed between CO2 emissions and minimum rainfall, while a strong negative correlation (–0.7998) was identified for maximum rainfall values. In November, both minimum and maximum CO2 emissions displayed strong negative correlations with rainfall, with coefficients of –0.8255 and –0.7415, respectively. These findings hold significant implications for comprehending the environmental dynamics within the Niger Delta. Policymakers and stakeholders can leverage this knowledge to formulate targeted strategies aimed at mitigating CO2 emissions and addressing potential climate change-induced alterations in rainfall patterns
Effects of Electroplating Effluents on Growth, Heavy Metals Accumulation and Concentrations in Amaranthus viridis Lin.
No full textPollution in recent times has become prevalent due to industrial expansion, hence, releasing pollutants into the environment. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the effects of effluents from electroplating companies on growth, heavy metals accumulation and concentrations in Amaranthus viridis. Seeds of A. viridis were obtained from the National Institute of Horticulture, Ibadan. Loam soils were collected from Lagos State University and two samples of electroplating effluents were obtained from Oregun, Lagos. Seeds were sown, nursed, and transplanted in a uniform bucket filled with 5 kg loam soil and transplanted seedlings were treated with Effluent A (5 and 10% conc.) and Effluent B (5 and 10% conc.) and control respectively. Growth parameters such as plant height and so on were measured and plant samples harvested were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data collected were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance. Results revealed that Effluents A and B are highly acidic and above discharge limits. Also, the result revealed that 5% conc. of Effluents A and B had more effects on growth (p < 0.05) of A. viridis across the harvests than 10% conc. in relation to control. This result showed that the effluent samples affect the growth rhythms of plants. Results further revealed vigorous accumulation of the heavy metals: Zn (241.66 µg kg–1 ± 0.10 at third harvest in Effluent A: 10%), Cu (68.25 µg kg–1 ± 0.23 at first harvest in Effluent B: 5%), Cr (500 µg kg–1 ± 0.90 in harvests at all concentrations.) and Ni (500 µg kg–1 ± 0.90 at third harvest in Effluent B: 5%) and all these metals are far above the control and permissible limits of WHO/FAO recommendations. From this study, it could be concluded that electroplating effluents had adverse effects on growth and increased metals’ bioaccumulation in A. viridis. Therefore, the treatment of effluents to enhance an eco-friendly environment should be done
Translation of Well-being Assessment Instruments in African Contexts: A Mapping Review and Future Directions
No full textA fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific population. This paper aims to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local languages. Online databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African languages. Some researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies. A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and 2019. Although the published translations were increasingly widespread, the distribution of available studies was uneven, with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South Africa. The authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations; increasing funding and other resources for translation projects; developing cross-national collaborations on translations; and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers
Locating Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Base Stations Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
No full textThe global system for mobile communication (GSM) is planned to meet the needs of the whole subscribers. The number of subscribers increased as the population increased due to the acceptance of GSM services by the subscribers. Thus, there should be a way to monitor base stations that will meet the increasing demand of subscribers in any area as a population surge will lead to more subscriptions. This will allow GSM network operators to serve their subscribers better and ease network congestion. This work presents a review of mobile evolution from the first generation to the fifth generation. A review of global positioning system (GPS) technology and its applications to geographic information systems (GIS) was done. The coordinates of these base stations were taken using a GPS device. These base station coordinates were then exported to QGIS for the design of the map. Thereafter, the output map was then integrated into the website. The discussions on the results followed and some useful suggestions given will go a long way to help the operators of GSM in Nigeria and in general. If the propositions given are adhered to, it will go a long way to help the operators reduce congestion on their network and thereby increase the satisfaction of the subscribers
Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data
No full textThe fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time, and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time. Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects, this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge, which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system (HMS) and fatigue theory. In the paper, the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects: First of all, a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example, and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired, which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles; next, for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure, fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method, S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis. Moreover, it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles. The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress. The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well, and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration
Companies’ E-waste Estimation Based on General Equilibrium Theory Context and Random Forest Regression Algorithm in Cameroon: Case Study of SMEs Implementing ISO 14001:2015
No full textGiven the challenge of estimating or calculating quantities of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in developing countries, this article focuses on predicting the WEEE generated by Cameroonian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that are engaged in ISO 14001:2015 initiatives and consume electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) to enhance their performance and profitability. The methodology employed an exploratory approach involving the application of general equilibrium theory (GET) to contextualize the study and generate relevant parameters for deploying the random forest regression learning algorithm for predictions. Machine learning was applied to 80% of the samples for training, while simulation was conducted on the remaining 20% of samples based on quantities of EEE utilized over a specific period, utilization rates, repair rates, and average lifespans. The results demonstrate that the model’s predicted values are significantly close to the actual quantities of generated WEEE, and the model’s performance was evaluated using the mean squared error (MSE) and yielding satisfactory results. Based on this model, both companies and stakeholders can set realistic objectives for managing companies’ WEEE, fostering sustainable socio-environmental practices