Religió - Jurnal Studi Agama-agama
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The Social - Political Significance of Ruwatan Desa Ritual
Full text linkThe Punden of Mbah Sentono is a sacred landscape that is used frequently by people to increase their spirituality. It is recognized as a sacred place to perform rituals such as tahlilan, slametan and ruwatan desa. The main issue I raise in this paper concerns the social-political significance of the rituals. The three main questions are, first, how is ruwatan practiced in the Punden of Mbah Sentono? Second, how have political actors used the ritual in the punden as a political tool in an election? The last, how have people also used the ritual in the punden to counter the political actors’ use the ritual? I will show that the rituals do have social-political significance and argue that both political actors and people in society have mutual relations through the rituals. From this point of view, I state that ritual in the Punden of Mbah Sentono is divided into two time periods, “during election period†and “after election periodâ€. “The ritual during election period†are tahlilan and slametan which are handled by the candidates of the local election to build political support, whereas “the ritual after election†is ruwatan desa which is also used by the winner for negotiation and reconciliation to ease the negative impacts of the competitions during the local election, which affect people. On the other hand, people also use the rituals to ask for financial support from the candidates for holding big ruwatan desa and kirap. In the years before and after the election, ruwatan desa is held as small events. In this research, I analyze the social-political significance of ritual, using a theoretical framework informed by Kertzer.
[Punden Mbah Sentono adalah tempat sakral yang sering digunakan sebagai tempat spiritual oleh orang-orang untuk meningkatkan spiritualitas mereka. Punden tersebut diakui sebagai tempat sacral untuk melakukan tahlilan, slametan dan ruwatan desa. Isu utama yang saya angkat didalam tesis ini adalah siknifikansi social-politik pada ritual. Ada tiga pertanyaan utama; yakni, pertama, bagaimana ruwatan desa ritual dipraktekkan di punden Mbah Sentono? kedua, bagaimana actor politik menggunakan ritual didalam punden sebagai alat politik didalam pemilihan? Terakhir, bagaimana masyarakat menggunakan ritual di punden untuk keluar dari actor politik? Saya akan menunjukkan bahwa ritual mempunyai siknifikansi social-politik dan beranggapan bahwa actor politik dan masyarakat mempunyai hubungan timbal balik melalui ritual.
Revitalisasi Identitas Diri Komunitas Masjid Saka Tunggal Banyumas, Masjid Raya Al Fatah Ambon, dan Masjid Agung Jami’ Singaraja Bali dalam Perubahan Budaya Global
Full text linkThis study examines how three communal mosques: Masjid Saka Tunggal Cikakak Banyumas, Masjid Raya Al Fatah Ambon, and Masjid Agung Jami’ Singaraja respond toward globalization. Globalization that is characterized with the territorial demarcations of states’ administration jurisdiction, political currents, economic strata, and religions has shaped global villages with cultural homogeneity as its estuary. Strong cultures tend to crush the vulnerable cultures. These conditions tend to generate a dilemma for the existence of an identity, including the identity of communal mosques. However, communal mosques are not merely a set of inanimate objects which can only passively accept external influences. They are a collection of beings who “tactically†respond to the “strategy†of the global cultural cooptation. The result of this study reveals that communal mosques become a collective awareness of each its individual to respond to and live the life amidst the increasingly uncontrollable wave of global cultures. Global cultures, as long it benefits, are adapted and adopted to strengthen their communal identity and, otherwise, left when they bring disadvantages. In order to protect communal identities, the result of this study offers three ways: habituation and institutionalization of the communal identity, reinforcing the ancestral authority, and affirming the institutional vision and mission.
[Penelitian ini mengkaji respon tiga komunitas masjid, yaitu Masjid Saka Tunggal Cikakak Banyumas, Masjid Raya Al Fatah Ambon, dan Masjid Agung Jami’ Singaraja terhadap globalisasi. Globalisasi yang ditandai oleh menghilangnya batas-batas administrasi negara, aliraan politik, strata ekonomi, dan agama telah membentuk kampung global dengan homogenisasi budaya sebagai muaranya. Budaya yang kuat cenderung menggilas budaya yang lemah. Kondisi ini cenderung melahirkan dilema bagi eksistensi identitas, termasuk identitas komunitas masjid. Namun demikian, komunitas masjid bukanlah sekumpulan benda mati yang hanya bisa pasrah menerima pengaruh luar, tetapi sekumpulan mahluk hidup yang “taktik†untuk merespon “strategi†kooptasi budaya global. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masjid-masjid komunitas menjadi collective awareness para individu untuk merespon dan menjalani kehidupan di tengah samudra budaya global yang semakin tak terkendali. Budaya global diadaptasi dan diadopsi selama bermanfaat untuk menguatkan identitas komunitasnya, dan bersikap acuh jika tidak sesuai atau membahayakan. Untuk melindungi identitas komunitasnya, ada tiga hal yang dilakukan, yaitu melalui pembiasaan dan pelembagaan identitas komunitas, meneguhkan otoritas leluhur, dan peneguhan visi misi lembaga.
Eksistensi Warok Dan Gemblak di tengah Masyarakat Muslim Ponorogo Tahun 1960-1980
Full text linkWarok is a central figure in the life of Ponorogo Society. The existence, authority, and high social status became a social capital in the perpetuating of an ideology of kanuragan. The groups of Warok has believed that a woman is a source of weakness for mysticists that forces them to resist the lust and avoid a woman. Some of Warok presented a figure of gemblak as diversion of lust as well as an assistant in the various activities. The “menggemblak†behavior was considered not in accordance with religious values and norms because it leads to deviant practices. This study is aimed to analyze the existence of warok and gemblak in the social structure of Ponorogo society and how warok attempted to perpetuate gemblak tradition among the Muslim society as majority. The result showed that the strategic position, social status, and power to influence in the social structure became the social capital to socialize the practice of ablution as kanuragan ideology and it is normal. Meanwhile, the Islamic efforts in shifting the gemblak tradition were carried out through modification of Reog which is considered as an appropriate means of conveying religious value
Contesting Religion and Ethnicity in Madurese Society
Full text linkAbstract: This paper describes historical phases of Madurese identity construction, the origins of Madurese ethnicity, inter-ethnic and inter-cultural relation, Madurese Pendalungan culture, and how Islam involves into cultural identities of the Madurese. In this paper, I will argue that Islam has become part of cultural values of the Madurese, that is, embedded within traditional activities and local wisdom. However, the involvement does not mean to exclude other “non-Islamic†and “non-Madurese†tradition in the process of construing Madurese identity. By exploring how Madurese identity was culturally constructed we could be able to draw more visible connection between religion, tradition, and social identity. This paper illustrates how Madurese identity culturally produced, nurtured, and matured. Since identity is a way of perceiving, interpreting, and representing the existence of people, I persist that Madurese identity has also been produced and reproduced depending on political, social, and cultural situation. In this regard, inter-religious or inter-ethnic relation remains important.
[Artikel ini menjelaskan fase terbentuknya identitas orang-orang Madura, asal-usul etnis, hubungan lintas-budaya dan antaretnis, budaya Pendalungan, dan bagaimana Islam berinteraksi dengan identitas budaya orang Madura. Dalam artikel ini saya meneguhkan bahwa Islam telah menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari nilai-nilai budaya Madura, yang bisa dilihat dari dalam aktivitas sosial dan kearifan lokal orang Madura. Meski demikian, hal ini tidak menafikan bahwa tradisi “non-Islam†atau “non-Madura†juga memiliki peran dalam proses pembentukan identitas Madura. Dengan mengurai proses konstruksi identitas sosial Madura, seseorang bisa melihat dengan lebih jelas hubungan erat antara agama, tradisi, dan identitas sosial. Artikel ini juga menggambarkan bagaimana identitas Madura diproduksi, dikembangkan, dan dilestarikan. Sebab identitas adalah sebuah persepsi, interpretasi, dan representasi, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa identitas Madura pun tidak lepas dari tahapan itu: bergantung pada kondisi politik, sosial, ekonomi dan budaya. Dalam konteks ini, relasi antaragama dan antaretnis menjadi sangat penting.
Humanisme dalam Serat Jangka Jayabaya Perspektif Javanese Wordview
Full text linkSerat Jangka Jayabaya is a literary work that can be used as a source of historical learning. The local genius of Javanese worldview is reflected in humanism values in the manuscript. Which is much misunderstood by most people even historians. This study uses qualitative research methods that reveal the value of Jayabaya humanism based on content, authorship and axiological manuscripts through interviews and literature studies. The results show that the concept of "jangka" is the guidance as well as the control of Java society in viewing various social phenomena. The guidelines are summarized in the concept of humanism values reflected as knowledge, equity, equality, dignity, and moral ethics
Kontribusi Aliansi Ulama Madura (AUMA) dalam Merespons Isu Keislaman dan Keumatan di Pamekasan Madura
Full text linkThis article analyzes the contributions of the kiais who are members of the Aliansi Ulama Madura (AUMA) in responding to Islamic and publicity issues in the Pamekasan region. This organization was born after the stagnation of the Badan Silaturahmi Ulama Pesantren Madura (BASSRA) organization in guarding the issues of religiousness and Islam. They are committed to fighting for Islamic da‘wah which is kÄffah; an agenda to optimize the concept of amr ma‘rÅ«f nahy munkar collectively and sincerely in order to uphold the motto of the development of Pamekasan based on Islam. In the field of Islam, their vision is to anticipate and avoid Indonesia, especially the Madurese, from all kinds of deviations of teachings and religious beliefs, both Shī‘ah, Wahabi, Liberal, and Blasphemy (SYIBILIP). Not only in the field of Islam, but this organization also contributes in the political sphere. This can be referred to the strategic roles and functions of those who actively involve themselves in many political dynamics, both at the regional and central levels. At the regional level, the political roles and strategic functions of these organizations are clearly illustrated in the political cooperation they build with elite political parties at the regional level. While at the national level, the strategic role of this organization is indicated by their involvement in national leadership contestation.
[Artikel ini menganalisis kontribusi para ulama yang tergabung dalam wadah Aliansi Ulama Madura (AUMA) dalam merespons isu keislaman dan keumatan di wilayah Pamekasan. Organisasi ini lahir pasca mandeknya organisasi Badan Silaturahmi Ulama Pesantren Madura (BASSRA) dalam mengawal isu keumatan dan keislaman. Mereka berkomitmen memperjuangkan dakwah Islam kÄffah; sebuah agenda menjalankan amr ma‘rÅ«f nahy munkar secara kolektif dan demi menegakkan jargon pembangunan Pamekasan yang berasaskan Islam. Dalam bidang keislaman, visi mereka adalah mengantisipasi dan menghindarkan Indonesia, khususnya masyarakat Madura, dari segala ragam deviasi ajaran dan paham kegamaaan, baik Shī‘ah, Wahabi, Liberal, dan penistaan agama (SYIBILIP). Tidak hanya bidang keislaman, AUMA juga bergerak di wilayah politis. Hal ini dapat dirujuk pada peran dan fungsi strategis mereka yang aktif melibatkan diri dalam banyak dinamika politik, baik di level daerah maupun pusat. Di level daerah, peran dan fungsi strategis politik organisasi ini terilustrasi secara jelas dalam kerja sama politik yang mereka bangun bersama elit partai politik di tingkat daerah. Sedangkan di level nasional, peran strategis organisasi ini mereka tunjukkkan melalui keterlibatan diri dalam kontestasi kepemimpinan nasional.
Perilaku Ritual Keagamaan Komunitas Tlasih 87 dalam Menciptakan Hubungan Harmonis Antar Umat Beragama
Full text link[Bagi masyarakat Jawa, ritual merupakan aktivitas yang sangat penting. Ritual Jawa meliputi nyadran (perayaan desa); procotan (kelahiran bayi); mantenan (upacara pernikahan); dan methil (panen). Masyarakat Tlasih 87 merupakan salah satu dari masyarakat Jawa yang senantiasa melestarikan dan menyelenggarakan ritual-ritual tersebut. Warga masyarakat Tlasih 87 memiliki latar belakang keagamaan yang berbeda, seperti Islam, Kristen, Hindu, dan aliran kepercayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis interaksi antar-anggota kelompok keagamaan berbeda, terutama dalam masyarakat Tlasih 87, dan praktif partisipatif mereka dalam pelaksanaan ritual Jawa. Melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan analisis data, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Tlasih 87 memiliki pola perilaku yang harmonis dan memiliki upaya menyatukan sikap kebersamaan yang baik, saling mendukung satu sama lain. Hal tersebut bisa dilihat dari keterlibatan aktif mereka dalam pelaksanaan ritual Jawa.
Makna Pengobatan Tradisional Badewah Suku Dayak Bagi Masyarakat Muslim di Kalimantan Tengah
Full text linkThe development of science and technology can not replace the meaning of traditional medicine. Some people choose traditional medicine that have less side effects, is also related to the community's beliefs. Thus, the present study will basically try to answer such questions as: What is a badewah? How is the meaning of badewah for the Moslems communty of Muara Teweh? The study was conducted in North Barito District, Central Kalimantan. The research data consists of language, action, experience and history. The result of research as: badewah is a traditional treatment by praying to the God for healhty. Badewah treats the irrational disease and eternal disease. Muslim community in Muara Teweh choose badewah as an alternative treatment solution and interpreted as a multi-function card. Badewah has been interpreted differently by the patient. The meaning is reflected in their goals and expectations. Dayak tribe believe, if suffering from disease, before or after coming to the doctor or hospital, they are also seeking for alternative treatments such as medicines kampong and traditional healer.
[Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tidak bisa menggantikan makna pengobatan tradisional. Sebagian orang memilih pengobatan tradisional yang memiliki efek samping lebih sedikit, juga terkait dengan kepercayaan masyarakat. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini pada dasarnya akan mencoba menjawab permasalahan: Apa itu badewah? Bagaimana makna badewah bagi umat Muslim di Muara Teweh? Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah. Data penelitian terdiri dari bahasa, tindakan, pengalaman dan sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan badewah adalah pengobatan tradisional dengan cara berdoa kepada Tuhan untuk kesehatan. Badewah dilakukan untuk mengobati penyakit irasional dan penyakit yang tak kunjung sembuh. Komunitas Muslim di Muara Teweh memilih badewah sebagai solusi pengobatan alternatif dan ditafsirkan sebagai kartu multi-fungsi dan berbeda oleh pasien. Makna pemilihan pengobatan tradisional tercermin dalam tujuan dan harapan mereka. Suku Dayak percaya, jika menderita penyakit, sebelum atau sesudah datang ke dokter atau rumah sakit, mereka juga mencari pengobatan alternatif seperti obat-obatan kampung dan tabib tradisional.
Urgensi Sejarah Sosial Sebagai Konsep Teoretis Bagi Living Hadith di Indonesia
Full text linkThe perspective on Islamic history has become an important topic of discussion in Islamic studies. Its existence, at the same time, is also very helpful in the study of texts, such as the interpretation of the Alqur'an or riwâyat and dirâyat studies of Hadith. But the existence of social history as a new theoretical concept came later. A perspective that emphasizes on the sociological aspects of a collection of events, social history also puts forward the process of criticism in it, as has been done by peripheral social history. In the first sub-chapter, this article needs to show that such a perspective has long been carried out by Muslim historians, such as Ibn Khaldun, or Hamzah Al-Sam'ani's Tarikh Jurjan. Unlike the political perspective, the history of Muslim societies have varieties of fragments, different kinds of local tradition and focus on social history. The second part of this article proves that the existence of ijâzah (authorization) as a juristic authority through the tradition of sanad is another way of the documentation for the transmission (or also transformation) of Hadith in the community. Hadith authority does not take place statically. Social history narratives in this context will be able to provide evidence that authority of Hadith local religious leaders would not be possible if there were no community acceptance as explored by its various dimensions (economic, social, political, religious) through social history.
[Cara pandang terhadap sejarah islam telah menjadi topik diskusi penting dalam studi Islam. Keberadaannya, pada saat yang sama, juga amat membantu studi teks, seperti tafsir Qur’an ataupun studi riwâyat dan dirâyat Hadith. Tetapi keberadaan sejarah sosial sebagai sebuah konsep teoritik baru datang belakangan. Sebuah cara pandang yang menekankan pada aspek sosiologis sebuah kumpulan peristiwa, sejarah sosial juga mengedepankan proses kritisisme di dalamnya, seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh sejarah sosial pingiran. Pada sub-bab pertama, artikel ini berkebutuhan untuk menunjukkan bahwa cara pandang seperti ini telah lama dilakukan oleh sejarawan muslim, seperti Ibn Khaldun, ataupun Tarikh Jurjan karya Hamzah Al Sam’ani. Berbeda dengan perspektif politik, sejarah masyarakat muslim adalah ragam fragmen, ragam sejarah lokal yang berbeda-beda, focus pada sejarah sosial. Bagian kedua dari artikel ini membuktikan bahwa keberadaan ijâzah (otorisasi) sebagai penyambung otoritas keulamaan melalui tradisi sanad merupakan bahasa lain dari dokumentasi transmisi (atau juga transformasi) Hadith di masyarakat. Otoritas Hadith tidak berlangsung secara statis. Narasi sejarah sosial pada konteks ini akan mampu menyuguhkan bukti bahwa suatu otoritas atau kewenangan Hadith para local religious leaders tidak akan mungkin diakui bila tidak ada penerimaan masyarakat sebagaimana diekplorasi ragam dimensinya (ekonomi, sosial, politik, agama) melalui sejarah sosial.]
 
Resolusi Konflik dalam Masyarakat Religius Indonesia
Full text linkIndonesia, as the plural nation in religion, has already performed a positive and peaceful life of the religious people who are different in faith and understanding. In general, the life of religious people in Indonesia is lasting well and peacefully. It does not mean that there never be religious conflicts of the different religious people in Indonesia. The conflicts had ever occurred and will probably emerge in the future. The conflicts were often seen as threat, or negativity, of religious life among different-religious people in Indonesia. The writing does not deny that indeed the conflicts are not wanted and have to be overcome. But since the conflicts cannot be avoided from the life of different-religious people of Indonesia, the writing philosophically intend to see and understand the conflicts in a different way. The religious conflicts can be positively seen and understood, that is, as part of communication among different-religious people interacting in public sphere. Conflict-resolution that gives the win-win solution for those who are involved in the conflict has to be principle that should be made to be tradition. Conflict resolution will be successful if the transcendently moral principles, such as mutual respect, mutually avoiding deformation of religion, and mutually giving freedom, are provided for all.
[Indonesia sebagai negara yang majemuk dalam agama telah menampilkan wajah hidup umat beragama dari agama-agama yang berbeda yang damai. Secara umum, kehidupan umat beragama di Indonesia berjalan dengan penuh kedamaian. Ini bukan berarti tidak pernah ada konflik keagamaan di Indonesia. Konflik-konflik keagamaan telah pernah terjadi dan mungkin akan muncul kembali di masa depan. Konflik-konflik ini sering dilihat sebagai suatu ancaman atau sisi negatif dari kehidupan religius di Indonesia. Tulisan ini tidak memungkiri bahwa konflik-konflik ini memang tidak diinginkan dan harus diatasi. Namun, karena konflik-konflik ini tidak bisa dihindari dalam kehidupan antar umat beragama yang berbeda, tulisan ini mencoba secara filosofis melihat dan memaknai konflik-konflik ini secara berbeda. Konflik-konflik keagamaan bisa dimaknai secara positif, sebagai bagian dari komunikasi antara umat beragama yang berbeda yang berinteraksi dalam ruang publik. Resolusi konflik yang saling memenangkan masing-masing pihak harus menjadi prinsip yang harus ditradisikan. Resolusi konflik akan sukses, jika prinsip-prinsip moral transenden, seperti saling menghargai, saling menghindari deformasi agama, dan saling memberi ruang kebebasan, diberikan untuk semuanya.