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CTL Model Checking with the Sweep-line State Space Exploration Method
Get PDFModel checking is a powerful approach to verification of distributed systems. The sweep-line method alleviates the inherent state explosion problem in model checking by exploiting progress in the system being verified. Verification with the sweep-line method has until now been restricted to verification of safety and linear-time properties. The contribution of this paper is a new model checking algorithm that enables verification of two common branching time properties. The basic idea is to combine the sweep-line method with on-the-fly computation and inspection of strongly connected components. We experimentally evaluate our algorithm on a communication protocol
Implementing Asimov’s First Law of Robotics
Get PDFThe need to make sure autonomous systems behave ethically is increasing with these systems becoming part of our society. Although there is no consensus to which actions an autonomous system should always be ethically obliged, preventing harm to people is an intuitive first candidate for a principle of behaviour. Do not hurt a human or allow a human to be hurt by your inaction is Asimov's First Law of robotics. We consider the challenges that the implementation of this Law will incur. To unearth these challenges we constructed a simulation of a First Robot Law abiding agent and an accident prone Human. We used a classic two-dimensional grid environment and explored to which extent an agent can be programmed, using standard artificial intelligence methods, to prevent a human from making dangerous actions. We outline the drawbacks of using the Asimov's First Law of robotics as an underlying ethical theory the governs an autonomous system's behaviour
nsroot: Minimalist process isolation tool implemented with Linux namespaces
Get PDFservices run on large computing platforms.. This creates a need to package tools and dependencies for easy installation,, configuration and deployment on distributed platforms.. In addition,, for secure execution there is a need for process isolation on a shared platform.. Existing virtual machine and container technologies are often more complex than trad itional Unix utilities,, like chroot,, and often require root privileges in order to set up or use.. This is especially challenging on HPC systems where users typically do not have root access.. We therefore present nsroot,, a lightweight Linux namespaces based process isolation tool.. It allows restricting the runtime environment of data analysis tools that may not have been designed with security as a top priority,, in order to reduce the risk and consequences of security breaches,, without requiring any special privileges.. The codebase of nsroot is small,, and it provides a command line interface similar to chroot.. It can be used on all Linux kernels that implement user namespaces.. In addition,, we propose combining nsroot with the AppImage format for secure execu tion of packaged applications.. nsroot is open sourced and available at:: https://github.com/uit-no/nsroot
Flexible Devices for Arctic Ecosystems Observations
Get PDFDevices for observing the environment range from basic sensor systems, like step-counters, through wild-life cameras, with limited processing capabilities, to more capable devices with significant processing, memory and storage resources. Individual usage domains can benefit from a range of functionalities in these devices including flexibility in prototyping, on- device analytics, network roaming, reporting of data, and keeping the devices and services available in spite of failures and disconnections. The problem is that either the devices are too resource limited to support the range of functionalities, or they use too much energy.
An important usage domain is COAT – Climate-Ecological Obser- vatory for Arctic Tundra. Presently, best practice includes deploying wild-life cameras in the Arctic Tundra, and visiting them to manually collect the recorded observations. This is a problem because such devices can only be rarely visited, and manual approaches to fetching data and storing it do not scale with regards to number of cameras, handling of human mistakes, and with freshness of observations.
We present a prototype for observing the environment composed of a general purpose computer, a Raspberry PI, in combination with an ARM-based microcontroller. The combination enables us to create a more energy efficient prototype while supporting the needed functionality.
The prototype improves on currently applied methods of observing the Arctic tundra. The prototype automatically observes the arctic tundra through camera, humidity and temperature sensors. It monitors itself for failures. The data is stored locally on the prototype until it can be automatically reports to a backend service over a wireless network.
We have conducted experiments that show that task scheduling can reduce power consumption, and we identify some additional points that need to be addressed before we can run the device for long periods on battery power
Similar but not the same: Comparing Norwegian and Swedish teachers’ influence on textbook selection and involvement in text discussions
Get PDFThe present study compares Norwegian and Swedish teachers ? influence on textbook selection and the impact of this on teachers ? involvement in textbook discussions(discussions with colleagues and the principal). For this purpose we conducted a survey with Norwegian (n = 236) and Swedish (n = 340) teachers in grade 0 to 9(which compromises pupils at approximately ages 6 to 15). The core argument is thateven though Norway and Sweden have very similar welfare and education systems,they nevertheless differ in teachers ? influence on textbook selection and involvement in textbook discussions. Factor analysis was used to develop two new measures of teaching: influence on textbook selection and involvement in textbook discussions. First, the study shows there is a mean difference between the countries in both influence on textbook selection and involvement in textbook discussions indices. Second, OLS regression was used to demonstrate a curvilinear effect of age on influence on textbookselection in both countries. A curvilinear relationship was also found between teachingyears and the influence on textbook selection in both countriesEl presente estudio compara la influencia de profesores noruegos y suecos en laseleccio?n de libros dida?cticos y el impacto de este factor en la participacio?n de los docentes en los debates sobre los libros dida?cticos (debates con colegas y el Director). Para ello, realizamos una investigacio?n de maestros noruegos (n = 236) y suecos (n = 340), nivel K-9 de ensen?anza. El argumento central es que mientras Noruega y Sueciatienen sistemas sociales y educativos muy similares, difieren en la influencia de losmaestros en la seleccio?n de los libros dida?cticos y su participacio?n en las discusiones sobre los libros dida?cticos. El ana?lisis de factores fue utilizado para desarrollar dosnuevas medidas de ensen?anza: influencia en la seleccio?n de libros dida?cticos y laparticipacio?n en las discusiones sobre los libros dida?cticos. En primer lugar, el estudiomuestra que existe una diferencia relativa entre los pai?ses, en los i?ndices de influenciaen la seleccio?n de libros dida?cticos asi? como en la participacio?n en la discusio?n delos libros dida?cticos. En segundo lugar, la regresio?n a trave?s del me?todo mi?nimos cuadrados ordinarios (MQO) fue utilizada para demostrar un efecto curvili?neo de laedad en te?rminos de influencia en la seleccio?n de libros dida?cticos en ambos pai?ses. Tambie?n se encontro? una relacio?n curvili?nea con respecto a la influencia de los an?osde ensen?anza en la seleccio?n de libros dida?cticos en ambos pai?sesO presente estudo compara a influe?ncia dos professores noruegueses e suecos sobrea selec?a?o de livros dida?ticos e o impacto desse fator no envolvimento dos professores nas discusso?es sobre livros dida?ticos (discusso?es com colegas e o diretor). Para isto, realizamos uma pesquisa com professores noruegueses (n = 236) e suecos (n = 340), noni?vel K-9 do ensino. O argumento central e? que, embora a Noruega e a Sue?cia tenhamsistemas sociais e educacionais muito semelhantes, eles diferem quanto a? influe?nciados professores sobre a selec?a?o de livros dida?ticos e quanto ao seu envolvimento nas discusso?es sobre livros dida?ticos. A ana?lise de fatores foi utilizada para desenvolver duasnovas medidas de ensino: influe?ncia na selec?a?o de livros dida?ticos e envolvimento nas discusso?es sobre livros dida?ticos. Primeiro, o estudo mostra que ha? uma diferenc?a me?dia entre os pai?ses, tanto nos i?ndices de influe?ncia na selec?a?o de livros dida?ticos quanto nosde envolvimento em discussa?o sobre livros dida?ticos. Em segundo lugar, a regressa?opelo me?todo dos Mi?nimos Quadrados Ordina?rios (MQO) foi utilizada para demonstrar um efeito curvili?neo da idade no que se refere a? influe?ncia na selec?a?o de livros dida?ticos em ambos os pai?ses. Um relacionamento curvili?neo tambe?m foi encontrado quanto a? influe?ncia dos anos de ensino na selec?a?o de livros dida?ticos em ambos os pai?se
Materiais Didáticos para ensinar Arte: questões para a docência e para a formação de professores
Get PDFThis study reports results of an investigation which had the objective of capturing elements of the relationship between teachers and Art teaching materials. The study is supported by theoretical references which aim to point out that conceptions of school knowledge, teachers and students are not innocent, as well as the teaching materials and the school form present in them. This document searches approximations for the subject of Art for the comprehension of the status of this subject in the school. From the empirical standpoint, the data were produced from an investigation with Art teachers from the Paraná State public schools (southern Brazil). Two surveys were conducted, in the form of questionnaires in order to identify their opinions and choices regarding the presence of didactic materials in Art classes.. The presented results points out elements of a positive relationship among Art teachers and the teaching materials which are used as one of many possibilities of teaching, beyond its recognized restrictions.Relata resultados de informes de investigación que han tenido como objetivo general mapear materiales didácticos utilizados para enseñar Arte y captar elementos de la relación entre profesores y materiales didácticos de arte. El estudio va de encuentro a referentes teóricos que señalan que concepciones del conocimiento escolar, profesor y alumno no son inocentes, así como los materiales didácticos y la forma escolar que está presente en ellos. Busca acercamientos con la disciplina de Arte para la comprensión de la imagen de la disciplina en ámbito escolar. Desde el punto de vista empírico, una investigación se llevó a cabo con profesores de arte de las escuelas públicas del Estado de Paraná. Dos cuestionarios aplicados permitieron conocer lo que piensan los profesores acerca de la presencia de materiales didácticos en clases de arte. Los resultados analizan elementos de la relación positiva de los profesores de arte frente a los materiales entendiéndolos como una entre las varias posibilidades de enseñanza, no obstante señalando sus restricciones a ellos. Relata resultados de investigação que teve como objetivo captar elementos da relação entre professores e materiais didáticos de Arte. O estudo vai ao encontro de referenciais teóricos que assumem que concepções de conhecimento escolar, professor e aluno não são inocentes, bem como os ateriais didáticos e a forma escolar que está presente neles. Busca aproximações à disciplina de Arte para a compreensão da imagem da disciplina no cenário escolar. Do ponto de vista empírico, os dados foram produzidos a partir de uma investigação com professores de Arte que atuam na rede pública stadual do Paraná. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos, na forma de questionários, com a finalidade de realizar um primeiro nível de aproximação com os sujeitos colaboradores, na direção de identificar suas opiniões e escolhas com relação à presença de materiais didáticos nas aulas de Arte. A análise aponta algumas limitações sentidas pelos professores, revelando avaliações fortemente marcadas pelas condições objetivas do trabalho docente e na expressão da ideia de que alguns professores são produtores do conhecimento sobre o ensino. Os resultados evidenciam elementos da relação positiva dos professores de Arte frente aos materiais, entendendo-os como uma das diversas possibilidades de ensino, sem deixar de apontar suas restrições a eles
The Common Core State Standards and the Role of Instructional Materials: a Case Study on EdReports.org
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to review research studies investigating the role of instructional materials in relation to the Common Core State Standards and to evaluate whether a new organisation, EdReports.org, which was founded to evaluate the alignment of instructional materials to the Common Core State Standards, has achieved its intended objectives. Content analysis was used to analyse the subject matter of reports on the research studies. A decision-oriented evaluation model was used to analyse the decision process, decision-making setting, decision model and types of decisions in the change process within EdReports.org. The results showed that the research studies have produced important findings concerning the role of instructional materials in relation to the Common Core State Standards and EdReports.org has attained its objectives in successfully developing and diffusing a program to evaluate the alignment of instructional materials to the Common Core State Standards. The conclusion recommends that policymakers in other educational settings should consider whether Ed.Reports.org’s operating system provides a valid model for creating a program to evaluate the alignment of instructional materials to academic standards. 
Passion, Cooperation and JavaScript: This is what the industry is looking for in a recently graduated computer programmer
Get PDFFor institutions offering a degree in information technology (IT), knowledge about what the IT industry needs from their employees is valuable. In this study we talk to people interested in hiring computer programming graduates. Through semi-structured interviews with representatives from 10 companies we investigate what the companies are looking for in a recently graduated computer programmer.
Our findings suggest that an inner drive and interest in the computer programming field is the most important quality. If a person has a genuine interest in the field, the person will most likely learn what is needed to excel at their job. Further, the candidate should be a good match for the team, as well as the company culture.
Most interviewees do not focus on which exact languages or technologies the candidates know. If a candidate fit the other criteria they are assumed to be able to learn the required technologies quickly. However when asking directly, we find a clear trend: All companies want JavaScript competence.
This insight can guide educators in multiple ways. First of all we can always improve focus on team work and cooperation. Further, we may be able to to nurture the intrinsic motivation of our students. Lastly, the JavaScript ecosystem is ripe for a more prominent place on our curricula
Data and knowledge manangement in field studies A case for semantic technologies
Get PDFShip design is a knowledge-intensive industry. To design safe ship systems for demanding operations, there is an increasing need for comprehensive knowledge of the operational context. Field studies is an important source of relevant knowledge, but current methods and information systems do not realise their full potential. In this paper, we discuss how the field data can be modelled semantically, integrated with relevant domain models, and be more effectively made available to the organisation. We propose a data model and a software architecture to facilitate the collaborative data analysis and modelling process favoured by designers
Erfaringer fra strukturert peer review ved bruk av et egetutviklet sensureringsprogram
Get PDFPeer review eller fagfellevurdering er en stadig vanligere metode som kan bidra til a? øke læringsutbytte. I denne studien retter sudentene medstudenters besvarelser. Det viser seg at metoden gir studentene økt læringsutbytte og større faglig refleksjon. Studien ble gjennomført ved a? bruke siste a?rs eksamen som utgangspunkt for en fagfellevurdering. Et eget dataprogram er utviklet for strukturert gjennomføring av sensureng eller fagfellevurdering. Det viser seg at studenter som deltok i fagfellevurderingen gjennomga?ende fikk bedre resultat pa? avsluttende eksamen. Dette tyder pa? at strukturert fagfellevurdering gjennomført av studenter gir økt læringsutbytte. Resultatene kan ogsa? komme til nytte for faglærere