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Evaluating the Sensitivity of Face Presentation Attack Detection Techniques to Images of Varying Resolutions
Get PDFIn the last decades, emerging techniques for face Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) have reported a remarkable performance to detect attack presentations whose attack type and capture conditions are known a priori. However, the generalisation capability of PAD approaches shows a considerable deterioration to detect unknown attacks. In order to tackle those generalisation issues, several PAD techniques have focused on the detection of homogeneous features from known attacks to detect unknown Presentation Attack Instruments without taking into account how some intrinsic image properties such as the image resolution or biometric quality could impact their detection performance. In this work, we carry out a thorough analysis of the sensitivity of several texture descriptors which shows how the use of images with varying resolutions for training leads to a high decrease on the attack detection performance
Programming in Mathematics Education: An Intermediary between the Real-World and the Mathematical Model
Get PDFIn realistic mathematics education students expand their common sense through guided reinvention, aiming to prevent the dichotomy between what the students experience as real and the associated mathematical model. The mathematics curriculum is, however, often comprehensive and ambitious, and many students will find it challenging to develop the required skills and knowledge. In order to solve the complicated problems required at exams, students and teachers will yield to memorizing formulas and procedures, letting large parts of mathematics education reside in the formal mathematical model. In this paper we propose to utilize programming as an intermediary between the realworld problems and formal mathematics, not merely as a tool to solve the problems or find approximate solutions, but to increase understanding and to guide the student’s mathematical reinvention
GeneNet VR: Interactive visualization of large-scale biological networks using a standalone headset
Get PDFVisualizations are an essential part of biomedical analysis result interpretation. Often, interactive networks are used to visualize and interpret the data. However, the high interconnectivity, and high dimensionality of the data often results in information overload, making it hard to interpret the results. To address the information overload problem, existing solutions typically either use data reduction, reduced interactivity, or expensive hardware. We propose using the affordable Oculus Quest Virtual Reality (VR) standalone headset for interactive visualization of large-scale biological networks. We present the design and implementation of our solution, GeneNet VR, and we evaluate its scalability and usability using large gene-to-gene interaction networks. We achieve the 72 FPS required by the Oculus' performance guidelines for the largest of our networks (2693 nodes) using both a GPU and the Oculus Quest standalone. We found from our interviews with biomedical researchers that GeneNet VR is innovative, interesting, and easy to use for novice VR users. We believe a?ordable hardware like the Oculus Quest has a big potential for biological data analysis. However, additional work is required to evaluate its bene?ts to improve knowledge discovery for real data analysis use cases. GeneNet VR is open-sourced: https://github.com/kolibrid/GeneNet-VR. A video demonstrating GeneNet VR used to explore large biological networks: https://youtu.be/N4QDZiZqVNY
Investigating the IT Silo problem: From Strict to Adaptive mirroring between IT Architecture and Organisational Health Services
Get PDFA crucial problem reducing efficient information flow within healthcare is the presence of siloed IT architectures. Siloed IT Architectures causes disruptive and disconnected information flow within and between health institutions, and complicates the establishment of qualitative health services to practitioners and citizens. In this paper, we analyze this challenge using a mirroring lens. Our research question is, how can we establish a supportive IT architecture that reduces the IT silo problem? Our empirical evidence comes from a case in Norway, where we analyzed a transformation initiative on the national, regional, and local levels. Our investigation into the IT silo problem contributes to the literature on information flow and IT architecture within healthcare in two ways. First, we find that strict mirroring that leads to sub-optimization and silofication, is a major cause for the presence of IT silos. Second, we demonstrate how adaptive mirroring – a modular strategy for combining global and local requirements in IT architecture – improves the changeability and manageability of IT architectures
The Institutional Logic of Digitalism
Get PDFHow are large scale ICT systems related to organizational development and management? We introduce digitalism as a new institutional logic compared to managerialism and professionalism. To develop our argument, we combine organisational and institutional logic theory with information systems research. We illustrate our arguments with a case study of a process of organisational development before and after the implementation of centralised large-scale ICT systems at a large Norwegian hospital in 2015. The understanding of digitalism offers insight in how large-scale technology and organisations are tied together and can contribute to effective healthcare management
Exploring the paradox of low BIM adoption in the built environment
Get PDFBuilding Information Modelling (BIM) is an ICT application of tools and processes. There is a limited understanding of the real root causes of challenges in implementation among practitioners. As part of an ongoing action research project in a Norwegian municipality, we held a series of focus group sessions with technology users. We explored the reasons for the slow uptake of BIM in the context of the need for information management. We find limited engagement in information management processes necessary for successful application of BIM. However, we find great interest in achieving more sustainable outcomes in the municipality. We argue a possible re-alignment of the purported benefits of BIM towards emerging sustainable development goals in the municipality. The relevancy of this article is to find leads to actionable solutions to the slow digital transformation in the built environment. We find it paradoxical that increased BIM adoption might be achieved by not focusing on BIM at all, but by focusing on achieving sustainable outcomes, for which both BIM and information management is necessary
Invisible Data Curation Practices: A Case Study from Facility Management
Get PDFFacility management, which concerns the administration, operations, and maintenance of buildings, is a sector undergoing significant changes while becoming digitalized and data driven. In facility management sector, companies seek to extract value from data about their buildings. As a consequence, craftsmen, such as janitors, are becoming involved in data curation. Data curation refers to activities related to cleaning, assembling, setting up, and stewarding data to make them fit existing templates. Craftsmen in facility management, despite holding a pivotal role for successful data curation in the domain, are understudied and disregarded. To remedy this, our holistic case study investigates how janitors’ data curation practices shape the data being produced in three facility management organizations. Our findings illustrate the unfortunate that janitors are treated more like a sensor than a human data curator. This treatment makes them less engaged in data curation, and hence do not engage in a much necessary correction of essential facility data. We apply the conceptual lens of invisible work – work that blends into the background and is taken for granted – to explain why this happens and how data comes to be. The findings also confirm the usefulness of a previously proposed analytical framework by using it to interpret data curation practices within facility management. The paper contributes to practitioners by proposing training and education in data curation
University students’ study habits related to the use of study resources
Get PDFThe paper reports on the exploratory research study focused on the study habits of university students concerning the use of study resources. The aim of the study was to find out in which ways the students used the study resources and if the ways of use were related to the students’ approaches to learning. The research sample comprised 2, 671 students from six different faculties. The inquiry has been conducted by means of two questionnaire tools. The results showed that at least one third of the students considered one or two resources as sufficient while learning for an exam or a test, and over half of the students used study resources almost solely at the end of the course. The study habits significantly differed according to the approaches to learning with the only exception: the students unambiguously preferred learning from printed texts over learning from digital resources
Visual Representation of the Curriculum in Geography Textbooks: the structure of visuals in educational medium analysis
No full textOne of the most important components of the textbook are visuals which might facilitate the learning process. In some cases, however, due to their inconvenient structure misconceptions might arise. The aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate how convenient the structure of visuals represented in the curriculum in Czech geography textbooks is. For this purpose, we have used an expert evaluation of visuals in 16 textbooks by the quantitative content analysis method; visuals were categorised into groups based on four analysis criteria: type of visual, headline, thematic focus and colour; we were also interested in the space assigned to visuals in the textbook. The results of the analysis show that the key feature in geography textbooks are photographs; whose educational value is far less in comparison to other kinds of visuals. The amount of visuals without any heading is rather alarming. In contrast, there is a high proportion of coloured visuals which might have a positive effect on the learning outcome.Uno de los componentes más importantes del libro de texto son las imágenes que pueden facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, debido a su estructura inconveniente, pueden surgir conceptos erróneos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar y evaluar la conveniencia de la estructura de las imágenes representadas en el currículo de los libros de texto de geografía checos. Para esto, hemos utilizado lz evaluación experta de las imágenes en 16 libros de texto mediante el método de análisis cuantitativo del contenido; las imágenes se clasificaron en grupos basados en cuatro criterios de análisis: tipo de imagen, titular, enfoque temático y color; también nos interesó el espacio asignado a las imágenes en el libro de texto. Los resultados del análisis muestran que la característica clave de los libros de texto de geografía son las fotografías, cuyo valor educativo es mucho menor en comparación con otros tipos de imágenes. La cantidad de imágenes sin título es bastante alarmante. Por el contrario, hay una alta proporción de imágenes de color que pueden tener un efecto positivo en el resultado del aprendizaje
A content analysis of SOLO-levels in different computer programming courses in higher education
Get PDFThe dynamic development of technology and the labour market changes the requirements of today's education and the dissemination of knowledge. Information technologies (IT) and digital competencies (DC) are no longer knowledge just for the few that study Computer Science (CS), but it has become a part of common knowledge for every citizen. By using content analysis, this article will examine the developed content of two different “introduction to programming” courses from two different higher education institutions. Both institutions introduce programming to students outside of CS. This study aims to describe how the developed content of these courses aims to reach the different levels of learning outcomes, by using the framework Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome taxonomy (SOLO-taxonomy) developed by Biggs and Collis (1982). The results of the study show that introduction to programming courses in different professions have a different understanding of what programming is, or what it consists of. The courses about “introduction to programming” are planned and executed within its fields, which gives the students a different perspective on what programming is, compared to the average IT or CS course. This means that the term “good programming skills” is different for a teacher, engineer, or computer scientist because of their unique goals and motivations for why they learned to program in the first place