RBH - Revista Brasileira de Herbicidas / Brazilian Herbicide Journal
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    Control of Euphorbia dentata in soybean with postemergence herbicides

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     Euphorbia dentata es una maleza anual, de ciclo primavero estival, que ha adquirido importancia asociada principalmente aI cultivo de soja en Ia zona Centro de Ia Provincia de Buenos Aires República Argentina. Esta es considerada una especie de difícil control y altamente competitiva deI cultivo. EI objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar Ia eficacia de control de Euphorbia dentata con herbicidas post emergentes en el cultivo de soja. EI cultivo fue implantado en el partido de Azul, sobre un lote con alta infestación de Ia maleza lográndose un stand homogéneo de 110 plantas/m/. Sobre éste se realizaron los siguientes tratamientos: imazethapyr 100 g/ha, cJorasulam-metiI33,6 g/ha + coadyuvante no iónico 0,2% v/v, lactofén 96 g/ha + coadyuvante no iónico 0,2% v/v, cJorimurón-etil 8,75 g/ha + coadyuvante no iónico 0,2% v/v, cJorasulam-metiI33,6 g/ha + lactofen 96 g/ha + coadyuvante no iónico 0,2% v/v y cJorimurón-etil 8,75 g/ha + lactofen 96 g/ha + coadyuvante no iónico 0,2% v/v, testigo enmalezado y testigo limpio. Se utilizó un disefío de bloques aI azar con 4 repeticiones y se realizaron evaluaciones de control a los 20 y 45 días desde Ia aplicación y de rendimiento de soja a cosecha. Ninguno de los tratamientos ensayados aJcanzó el 70% de control. Los máximos niveles de eficacia fueron obtenidos con imazethapyr (67%) y con Ia mezcJa de clorasulam+lactofen (65%) que no presentaron diferencias significativas entre sí. EI rendimiento deI cultivo mostró una respuesta similar, siendo Ia productividad en esos tratamientos de 2850 y 2650 kglha respectivamente. EI testigo sin control sufrió una disminución deI 35% respecto aI testigo desmalezado manualmente cuyo rendimiento fue de 2920 kglha. Euphorbia dentata is an annual weed which grows during spring and summer. Its has acquired importance mainly associated with soybean crops in the central area in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. This weed is highly competitive in soybean fields and its control is very difficult. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of Euphorbia dentata control with postemergence herbicides in soybean crops. Field studies were conducted in Azul Co., in a highly naturally infested soybean crop (110 plants of Euphorbia dentata/m2). The treatrnents were: imazethapyr 100 g/ha, chlorasulam-methyl 33.6 g/ha + no ionic surfactant 0.2% v/v, lactofen 96 g/ha + no ionic surfactant 0.2% v/v, chlorimuron-ethyI8.75 g/ha + no ionic surfactant 0.2% v/v, chlorasulam-methyI33.6 g/ha + lactofen 96 g/ha + no ionic surfactant 0.2% v/v, chlorimuron-ethyI8.75 g/ha + lactofen 96 g/ha + no ionic surfactant 0.2% v/v, untreated control and control without weeds which were removed by hand. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with four replications. Evaluations were made 20 and 45 days after application and on harvest. No treatment reached 70% control. The highest levels of effectiveness were obtained with imazethapyr (67%) and with the mixture chlorasulam+lactofen (65%) with no significant differences between them. Soybean yield showed a similar response: the productivity in those treatments were 2850 and 2650 kglha respectively. Crop productivity decrease by 35% in untreated control compared with the treatment without weeds whose yield was of2920 kg/ha

    Efficacy of atrazine + simazine in post-emergence controI of weeds in maize, in Brazilian Cerrados

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    o objetivo do ensaio foi avaliar a eficácia da mistura atrazine + simazine, em pós-emergência na cultura de milho (cv. BR-201), em diferentes formulações e doses. O solo foi um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, textura arenosa, em Uberaba, MG. Os tratamentos testados foram: Primatop 500 se ( atrazine 250 g/I + simazine 850 g/I) na doses de 2500, 3000 e 3500 g/ha e Primatop 80PM (atrazine 400 g/I + simazine 400 g/I) nas doses de 2400, 3200 e 3600 g/ha, adicionados de óleo mineral a 0,25% v/v; Triamex se (atrazine 250 g/I + simazine 250 g/I), na dose de 3000 kglha; testemunha capinada e testemunha sem capina. Na densidade de plantas final, número de espigas por parcela e altura da primeira espiga, não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos testados. Na produtividade de grãos, houve diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos estudados. A maior produção obtida foi de 3512 kg/ha quando se utilizou Primatop 80 PM a 3200 g/ha e Triamex. Na avaliação do peso de 100 sementes, o menor resultado foi obtido com Primatop 80 PM a 3500 g/ha. Para altura de planta, os herbicidas testados não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas com a testemunha capinada. Na avaliação visual para colheita mecânica, os maiores valores foram dos herbicidas Primatop 500 se a 3000 e 3500 g/ha e Primatop 80 PM a 3200 e 3600 g/ha e Triamex. Para o controle de capimcolchão (Digitaria horizontalis) os melhores índices foram obtidos com Primatop 80 PM a 3600 g/ha e Primatop 500 se a 3500 g/ha, com 98,5% e 98,0% de controle, sendo que Primatop 500 se e Prirnatop 80 PM, apresentaram excelente índice de controle em todas as doses testadas. Para o controle de capim-pé-de-galinha ( Eleuzine indica) os melhores índices foram encontrados com a aplicação de Primatop 80 PM a 3600 kg/ha, com 99,5%, Prirnatop 80 PM a 3200 g/ha + óleo mineral e Prirnatop 500 sea 3500 g/ha, com 98,5 e 98,0%, respectivamente. Para o controle da poaia (Borreria alata) e do carrapichinho (Acanthospermum australe) Primatop 500 se e Primatop 80 PM apresentaram um excelente controle em todas as doses testadas, até 65 dias após a aplicação. Este herbicida, nas doses e formulações testadas, não apresentou efeito de fito intoxicação nas plantas do milho cv. BR-201.  A trial was carried out to test the efficacy of formulations and doses of atrazine + simazine, in post-ernergence on maize (cv. BR-201). The following treatrnents were tested in a sandy Latosoil, in Uberaba, Brazil: Primatop 500 se (atrazine 250g/1 + sirnazine 850 g/l) at the doses of2500, 3000 and 3500 g/ha and Prirnatop 80 PM (atrazine 400 g/I + simazine 400 g/I) at the doses of2400, 3200 and 3600 g/ha, plus mineral oil (0.25% v/v); Triamex se (atrazine 250 g/l +sirnazine 250 g/I) at the dose of3000 g/ha; hand weeding and no control. There was no difference between treatrnents concerning the plant density, number of cobs and height ofthe first cob. The highest yield (3512 kg/ha) was observed with the application ofPrimatop 80 PM at 3200 g/ha and Triamex. The lowest seed weight was observed with Primatop 80 PM at 3500 g/ha. There was no difference between the herbicides and hand weeding concerning plant height. The best index for mechanical harvesting (98.0 - 98.5%) was achieved with Primatop 500 SC at 3000 and 3500 g/ha, Primatop 80 PM at 3200 and 3600 g/ha and Triamex. The best control of Digitaria horizontalis was achieved with Primatop 80 PM at 3600 g/ha (98.5%) and Primatop 500 SC at 3500 g/ha (98.0%), but the other doses of these formulations also showed excellent control of this species. The best control of Eleusine indica was obtained with Primatop 80 PM at 3600 giba (99.5%), Primatop 80 PM at 3200 giba + mineral oil (98.5%) and Primatop 500 SC at 3500 giba (98.0%). Primatop 500 se and Primatop 80 PM showed an excellent control of Borreria alata and Acanthospermum australe at 65 days after application, in ali tested doses. No symptom offitotoxicity was observed on maize after herbicide application

    Efficiency of herbicides in preemergence control of weeds in a rice crop

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    O experimento foi desenvolvido na safra 1998/99, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da UNESP, em Selvíria (MS), em solo com textura argilosa. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência e avaliar 9S efeitos tóxicos sobre a cultura do arroz. O cultivar de arroz utilizado foi Caiapó. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com dez tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: trifluralin (1200 g/ha), oxyfluorfen (120 e 240 g/ha), c1omazone (500 g/ha), trifluralin+oxyfluorfen (1800+ 120 e 1200+240 g/ha), c1omazone+oxyfluorfen (500+240 g/ha), pendimethalin (1250 g/ha) e testemunhas capinada e sem capina. Avaliou-se a eficácia dos tratamentos no controle das plantas daninhas e o efeito dos mesmos na produtividade da cultura. Concluiu-se que os herbicidas e doses testados provocam sintomas de toxicidade inicial às plantas de arroz, os quais desaparecem 45 dias após a aplicação e não afetam a produtividade da cultura. As principais espécies daninhas que ocorreram no experimento foram: Ipomoea acuminata, Commelina benghalensis, Blainvillea rhomboidea e Amaranthus deflexus. Os tratamentos oxyfluorfen (240 g/ha) e clomazone+oxyfluorfen (500+240 g/ha) proporcionaram os melhores controles das plantas daninhas estudadas. A interferência das plantas daninhas na testemunha no mato reduziu a produtividade da cultura em 56% em relação à testemunha no limpo. The experiment was developed in 1998/99, in the ill\TESP Experimental Farm, in Selvíria (MS), on soil with a loamy texture. The objective ofthe present work was to evaluate the tolerance and efficiency ofpreemergence herbicides on rice and observe the effects ofthe treatrnents on the productivity ofthe crop. The rice strain used was Caiapó. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with ten treatments and four replications. The treatrnents were the following: trifluralin (1200 g/ha), oxyfluorfen (120 and 240 g/ha), c1omazone (500 g/ha), trifluralin + oxyfluorfen (1800 + 120 and 1200 + 240 gI ha), c1omazone + oxyfluorfen (500 + 240 g/ha), pendimethalin (1250 g/ha) and controls with and without weeds. The efficiency of the treatments was evaluated in terms of the control of the weeds and the effect of the treatments on the productivity of the crop. The herbicides and doses tested in the experiment provoked symptoms of initial toxicity to the rice plants, which disappear 45 days afie r application and these do not affect the productivity ofthe crop. The main weed species that appeared in the experiment included: Ipomoea acuminata, Commelina benghalensis, Blainvillea rhomboidea and Amaranthus dejlexus. The treatments oxyfluorfen (240 g/ha) and c1omazone + oxyfluorfen (500 + 240 g/ha) provided the best control ofthe studied weed. The interference ofthe weeds reduced the productivity ofthe crop in 56% in relation to the weed free control.Â

    Residual effect of chlorimuron-ethyl tank mixed with glyphosate applied as a burndown treatment for pre-site preparation in soybean

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    O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito residual de chlorimuron-ethyl no controle da planta daninha Bidens pilosa, proveniente de sementes germinadas após a dessecação, em semeadura direta de soja, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, fase Cerrado. Foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: glyphosate (720 g/ha), glyphosate (1440 glha), glyphosate+chlorimuronethyl (720+ IOg/ha), glyphosate+chlorimuron-ethyl (720+20 g/ha), glyphosate+chlorimuron-ethyl+f1umioxazin (720+20+40 gI ha), glyphosate+2,4-0 (720+460 g/ha) e uma testemunha sem capina. As aplicações foram feitas com pulverizador costal, com pressão constante mantida por CO2 a 2, I kg/cm-, com barra de dois metros, portando bicos tipo leque 110:02 e uma vazão de 200 Ilha. Aos 15,30 e 45 dias após a aplicação foram avaliados o número de plantas e a percentagem de controle de Bidens pilosa. Os resultados mostraram um controle excelente de B. pilosa a partir dos 15 dias após a aplicação. Houve uma redução na população de B. pilosa, chegando a zero nos tratamentos de glyphosate+chlorimuron-ethyl (720+20 g/ha) ou de glyphosate+chlorimuron-ethyl+f1umioxazin (720+20+40 g/ha), indicando boas perspectivas do uso de chlorimuron-ethyl em mistura com glyphosate durante a dessecação. An experiment was conducted on a Cerrado sandy soil during 1999/2000. The objective ofthe experiment was to evaluate the residual effect of chlorimuron-ethyl tank mixed with glyphosate applied as burndown treatment for pre-site preparation, to control Bidens pilosa in preemergence. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Treatments were as follows: glyphosate at 720 and 1440 glha, glyphosate+chlorimuron-ethyl at 720+ IO and 720+20 glha, glyphosate+chlorimuron-ethy"I+flumioxazin at 720+20+40 glha and glyphosate+ 2,4-0 at 720+460 glha. An untreated check was also included. Treatments were applied by a CO2 backpack sprayer, using 2.1 kg/crrr' ofpressure, with four 110.02 XR nozzles, and spray volume of200 Ilha. Evaluations ofpercentage control and number of Bidens pilosa per square meter were made at )5, 30 and 45 days after treatments. Chlorirnuron-ethyl+glyphosate at 20+ 720 g/ha and chlorimuron-ethyl+flumioxazin+glyphosate at 20+40+720 g/ha showed excellent residual control for Bidens pilosa. Consequently, chlorimuron-ethyl can be used as an alternative and safe herbicide in soybean for pre site preparation tank mixed with glyphosate.Â

    Efficacy of flumioxazin alone or in mixture with sulphosate to desiccate Ageratum conyzoides and Commelina benghalensis previous to soybean

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    Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para testar a eficácia do herbicida flumioxazin na operação de manejo para a dessecação de Ageratum conyzoides e Commelina benghalensis para a cultura da soja. Num deles testaram-se doses do herbicida puro e no outro foram testadas doses de sua mistura com o sulfosate. O flumioxazin (30, 40 e 50 glha) aplicado com óleo mineral (0,5 e 1,0%) controlou com excelente eficácia Ageratum conyzoides e Commelina benghalensis. A mistura flumioxazin (20 ou25 g/ha) + sulfosate (960 ou 1 440 g/ha) controlou com eficácia excelente (90 a 99% de controle) ou aceitável (80 a 89%) as plantas daninhas Ageratum conyzoides e Commelina benghalensis, respectivamente. Nenhuma toxicidade à soja foi detectada com a aplicação em manejo do flumioxazin puro ou em mistura nas doses referidas. Two experiments were carried out to test the efficacy offlumioxazin to desiccate Ageratum conyzoides and Commelina benghalensis previous to soybean planting. One of them tested doses of the herbicide alone and the other tested doses of flumioxazin in mixture with sulphosate. Flumioxazin (30, 40 and 50 g/ha) mixed with mineral oil (0,5 and 1,0%) showed an excellent control (more than 90%) of Ageratum conyzoides and Commelina benghalensis. The mixture flumioxazin (20 or 25 g/ha) + sulphosate (960 or 1,440 g/ha) showed an excellent (90-99%) or acceptable (80-89%) control of Ageratum conyzoides and Commelina benghalensis, respectively. No toxicity was observed in the soybean plants by any treatrnent involving flumioxazin.Â

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