7044 research outputs found
Sort by
Find and Bite Versus Find and Bark Sacramento Police Canine Theory and Training Methodology
Get PDFThe use of dogs in police work is nothing new. In fact, it has been around for over one hundred years. The keen senses and unwavering loyalty of a dog have made them an invaluable resource to law enforcement agencies and military units around the world. They are tasked with enormous responsibilities where people\u27s lives are truly in jeopardy if they fail. Working dogs, as they are often called, perform functions including everything from bomb detection, illegal narcotics detection, criminal locating/apprehension, article searching, search and rescue, tracking, and many other things that humans can’t do without advanced technology. All of these tasks have been mastered by canine handlers and despite the amount of responsibility and liability put on these animals, they perform it day in and day out with ease.
This study examines the differences between “find and bite” versus “find and bark” as it applies to police canine training and apprehension methodology and will provide recommendations related to the Department of Justice suggested guidance regarding the Sacramento Police Department canine unit “find and bite” vs “find and bark” training program. An examination of the bite ratios within current “find and bark” police agencies was used as statistical data to evaluate the number of deployments versus bites while implementing the find and bark method. Additionally, subject matter expert interviews were conducted with current canine unit head trainers, police department leadership, and use of force policy developers within the Sacramento Police Department and surrounding police agencies
The 2020-21 Budget: The Governor’s Homelessness Plan
Get PDFIn this report we provide the Legislature context for the state’s homelessness crisis, provide an update on major recent state efforts to address homelessness, assess the Governor’s 2020-21 homelessness plan, propose a framework to help the Legislature develop its own plan and funding allocations, and offer an alternative to the Governor’s 2020-21 budget proposal
Blockchain Technology And The IRS: How The Use Of Blockchain Technology Could Interfere With A Taxpayer’s Privacy Rights
Get PDFWe will examine the benefits and dangers of implementing blockchain technology within the IRS framework. In the context of filing and reviewing tax returns, implementing blockchain technology within the tax industry could soften the relationship between the government, particularly with the IRS, and the taxpayer with speedier refunds, more efficient communications, and a uniform effort to deal with controversy more effectively. Part II will provide a brief background on the pros and cons of using blockchain technology to file tax returns. Parts III and IV will focus on two of the current laws governing cyberspace technology and how each law would apply to blockchain technology within the IRS. In doing so, we will be confronted with problems that the convenience of technology would bring. Part V will then contemplate possible solutions. In conclusion, blockchain technology is a tool that should not be dismissed nor interpreted as an easy fix
Perez v. City of Roseville: Constitutional Protection For the Public Employee in Matters Pertaining To Sex
Get PDFSection I of this Note summarizes both of the Ninth Circuit’s opinions in the Perez matter. Section II analyzes the need to prevent the government employer from intruding on its employees’ personal autonomy rights. Section III discusses why the court’s second opinion is problematic. Section IV demonstrates why the Ninth Circuit’s first opinion is an appropriate application of the law considering the facts of the case. Section V argues that the test furthered by the first Perez decision should be used as a standard going forward. Finally, Section VI illustrates how competing decisions in other circuits would have been decided under the Perez framework
California’s Fight for Clean Air
Get PDFVisible air pollution, known colloquially as “smog,” is responsible for clouding the horizons of cities all over the world. Smog forms when nitrous oxides react with sunlight, creating airborne particles which contribute to global warming and harm the health of humans, animals, and plant life. Car exhaust is one of the biggest contributors of nitrous oxide, and specific geographic and climate patterns can exacerbate the effects of the resulting smog. With approximately 14.5 million registered vehicles in the state and a climate perfect for harboring air pollution, most Californians have seen the telltale hazy skyline at some point in their life. However, thanks to California’s proactive measures, most people would be shocked to learn that the smog over Los Angeles was once so thick that it was mistaken for a chemical attack. The state has truly been a pioneer in air quality control, ensuring its citizens clean air by consistently and vigorously promoting and enforcing efforts towards reducing air pollution even before it was a federally recognized issue
Reimagining Criminal Justice: The Violence of Incarceration in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFSix years after the infamous and disturbing elevator video of former NFL player Ray Rice punching his fiancée Janay Palmer in the face, knocking her unconscious and then dragging her out of the elevator, Rice and Palmer remain happily married, both speaking out against domestic violence. Contrast Rice’s story to that of Samuel Lee Scott, a husband charged with murdering his wife hours after a nonprofit group posted his bail in a domestic violence case. The difference in these cases: Rice was given domestic violence counseling in lieu of jail, Scott was incarcerated. Research shows that incarceration actually increases future crime. Criminologists call this the “criminogenic effect” of prison. The criminogenic effect occurs when individuals enter prison and are surrounded by other prisoners who have committed more serious and violent offenses. Couple this with prison conditions such as overcrowding and lack of sanitation, and an environment that breeds violence and anti-social behavior is created. In the year 2020, a year filled with unprecedented violence due to political unrest, police brutality and social isolation from the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of mass incarceration have become increasingly important. The more people we put in prison who do not need to be there, the more this criminogenic effect increases
Access to Justice: Theory and Practice from a Comparative Perspective
Get PDFThe papers gathered in this volume analyze access to justice in Latin America, Europe, and North America from a philosophical, legal, and sociological perspective. In these three regions of the world, as in the rest of the globe, liberal democracies face a troubling gap between the normative and the descriptive: the access to justice promises made by the legal and political system are not fully realized in practice. The studies collected here, therefore, share two baseline assumptions. First, the right of access to justice is fundamental in a liberal state. Access to justice ensures that citizens are able to defend their interests in court and achieve full inclusion in the political community. Access to justice, as argued by social contract theory, is at the core of liberal democracies\u27 normative projects. In the liberal democracies studied in this special issue - as in all others influenced by the post-Enlightenment modern project - contractualism and its commitment to access to justice is part of the of theoretical toolbox used to constitute and legitimize the political community. For all of these liberal democracies, access to justice is necessary for achieving peace and prosperity, and for the full inclusion of all citizens in the polity.
Second, the papers gathered in this volume agree that epistemological, socioeconomic, and legal market disparities obstruct the materialization of the right that citizens have to access courts and the administration to solve their conflicts. The key objectives pursued by liberal democracies cannot be fully realized because of poverty and inequality. Both variables have a causal relationship with the access to justice deficits faced by the countries studied in this special issue