Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Юридичне значення односторонніх заяв про авторські права на вебсайтах
Get PDFThe presented study is aimed at determining the current state of the legal context and legal consequences of the formulation of certain components of unilateral copyright statements on websites. In the research process, such methods as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of generalization, study of documentation and methods of descriptive statistics were used.
In order to interpret various options of legal aspects of the use of the mentioned statement, an empirical study was conducted which included the study of the main web pages of scientific institutions that receive state support in 2024. The study was conducted in November 2024. The web page availability and order validity with marker “valid” filters were used. The original sample was reduced because about 10 % of the websites listed in the document were not functional and some appeared twice in the document. The final sample consisted of 121 websites.
The choice of websites of scientific institutions is justified by two factors: the specifics of the activity, which involves the generation of large volumes of original works and the paradigm of open science which imposes new requirements on copyright management.
It has been established that the use of a unilateral copyright statements is quite complex and debatable. Trends in the wording of copyright statements on websites belonging to Ukrainian scientific institutions have been determined. The legal context and legal consequences of the formulation of certain components of unilateral copyright statements on websites in the projection of current regulation have been established. Based on such data, a generalized assessment of the legal responsibility of website owners in the context of the raised issue has been provided. The prospect of further exploration is to investigate the behaviour patterns and the level of legal responsibility of users in connection with unilateral statements of website owners.Дослідження спрямовано на визначення актуального стану юридичного підтексту та правових наслідків формулювання окремих складових односторонніх заяв про авторські права на вебсайтах. Встановлено, що використання односторонньої заяви про авторські права є доволі складним та дискусійним. Визначено тренди у формулюванні заяв про авторські права на вебсайтах, що належать українським науковим установам. Встановлено юридичний підтекст та правові наслідки формулювання окремих складових односторонніх заяв про авторські права на вебсайтах у проєкції актуального правового регулювання. Надано узагальнену оцінку юридичної відповідальності власників вебсайтів у контексті порушеного питання
Стиль прийняття управлінських рішень лідера та емоційний інтелект здобувачів вищої освіти, які навчаються за спеціальністю «Правоохоронна діяльність»
Get PDFLeadership qualities are a complex set of cognitive properties, personal qualities and behavioural skills. It is relevant to study how the leader\u27s style of decision-making and emotional intelligence abilities are related to future law enforcement officers.
The empirical study involved 40 higher education students studying in the senior years of the Military Law Institute of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, specialising in law enforcement.
The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the questionnaire “Assessment of Management Decision-Making Styles” and the test “Emotional Intelligence”. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using Spearman’s rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U test.
Three styles of managerial decision-making were identified in the surveyed cadets: 35 % had a conniving style, 25 % had a marginal style, and 20 % had a situational style. The other participants of the study did not have a leading style of managerial decision-making.
It has been found that the highest level of emotional intelligence is in the group of respondents with the style of managerial decision-making “indulgence”, and the lowest level of emotional intelligence is in the group of cadets with the situational style of managerial decision-making. It has also been revealed that a leader with developed emotional intelligence is not focused on emphasising his or her status as a leader, but, on the contrary, provides a certain freedom of action to his or her subordinates.
It has been noted that the developed components of emotional intelligence are important, but not decisive, for making managerial decisions by future law enforcement officers. The developed emotional intelligence of a leader contributes to his/her choice of such poles of managerial decision-making as “liberal” and “production of a problem situation (decision-making situation)”. A leader’s developed emotional intelligence is to some extent related to self-confidence, high motivation to achieve, and responsibility for the actions of subordinates.
It has been suggested that in the process of psychological training future law enforcement officers should develop such a component of emotional intelligence as understanding of emotions, which increases the likelihood of favourable options for making managerial decisions by leaders.У статті представлено результати емпіричного дослідження особливостей емоційного інтелекту здобувачів вищої освіти зі стилями прийняття управлінських рішень, такими як потурання, маргінальний і ситуаційний. Показано, що розвинений емоційний інтелект лідера сприяє вибору таких підходів до прийняття управлінських рішень, як ліберальний і продукування проблемної ситуації (ситуації ухвалення рішення). Зазначено, що розвинений емоційний інтелект є важливим, але не визначальним фактором у прийнятті управлінських рішень майбутніми правоохоронцями
Покращення показників України у досягненні цілей сталого розвитку ООН
Get PDFThe research is devoted to the formulation of a simplified list of requirements for higher education institutions put forward by leading rating agencies for inclusion in international rankings of activities in the framework of sustainable development. Compliance with the relevant requirements for the activities and regulatory framework of higher education institutions creates conditions for increasing the number of Ukrainian institutions in international rankings, improving the position of existing higher education institutions, as well as for improving the image of our country in the international arena, attracting investment and increasing the efficiency of recovery (reconstruction), strengthening Ukraine as a state governed by the rule of law, protecting the environment, and developing the economy. In addition, a fragmentary historical overview of the modern content of the concept of “sustainable development” and the Ukrainian regulatory framework for the Sustainable Development Goals is presented.
Despite the great attention of the global and Ukrainian scientific community to the activities of higher education institutions in the context of sustainable development, many studies are general in nature, detailing such activities and their specifics in the context of one or more of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, or are fragmentary. Moreover, there is no clear, coherent, simplified list of the necessary requirements for the activities and regulatory framework of higher education institutions that would meet the criteria of good practice at various levels. The impact of sustainable development activities of universities on the growth of the state\u27s image in the international arena and the attraction of additional allocations for economic reconstruction, as well as on strengthening the rule of law, requires more detailed research.
The recommendations for higher education institutions contribute to: restoration of ecology and prevention of environmental crimes and offences; creation of conditions for social security and a “safe society” environment, increase of employees’ motivation on the basis of fair remuneration, ensuring rights and freedoms; improvement and qualitative impact on the development of social relations as a result of cooperation of higher education institutions with authorities (local, regional, national), local residents, business, volunteers, as well as international enterprises; attracting investment, including foreign investment, based on quality management, fair cooperation, environmental culture, compliance with the law, including international law; sustainable development of communities and economic relations based on the previous points; strengthening the institution of the Ombudsman, improving the international image of Ukraine in terms of respect for rights and freedoms, business opportunities, including investment.Статтю присвячено формулюванню спрощеного переліку вимог до закладів вищої освіти, що висуваються провідними рейтинговими агенціями для включення в міжнародні рейтинги щодо діяльності в контексті сталого розвитку. Виконання відповідних вимог стосовно діяльності та нормативної бази ЗВО створює умови для захисту екології, розвитку економіки, укріплення правової держави. Додатково представлено фрагментарний історичний огляд розвитку сучасного змісту поняття «сталий розвиток» та української нормативної правової бази щодо Цілей сталого розвитку
Формування української державності й органів влади Карпатської України
Get PDFThe features and prerequisites for the declaration of Carpathian Ukraine’s independence are studied, and the process of establishing state authorities under the leadership of Augustine Voloshyn is traced. The focus is placed on the difficult foreign and internal political situation of the newly created Ukrainian state, and the reasons that prompted the government of Carpathian Ukraine to abandon the development of democratic values, on the basis of which the young state was to develop, are identified.
The development of the state and legal status of Zakarpattia from the period of demands for autonomy for the region to the stage of creation of an independent, self-governing state is shown in general terms. The influence of external factors on the process of state formation in Zakarpattia before the Second World War is studied, the role of Carpathian Ukraine in the development of the national statehood is analysed.
Particular attention is paid to highlighting the historical and legal significance of the development of Carpathian-Ukrainian statehood, in particular, its impact on the actualisation of all-Ukrainian issues in international relations.
The activities of Carpathian Ukraine\u27s government and the process of forming its state authorities, which, in turn, went through a peculiar evolution that began when Czech Parliament adopted the Constitutional Law on 22 November 1938, which introduced a federal system for the state of Czechs, Slovaks and Ukrainians of Zakarpattia, and finished in March 1939, when Carpathian Ukraine became an independent state, are demonstrated. It is emphasised that the declaration of the Act of Independence of Carpathian Ukraine on 15 March 1939 strengthened the liberation ideas, inspiring the struggle for the independence of Ukrainians in all ethnic areas and creating the necessary international preconditions for the reunification of the region with other Ukrainian territories in the future.Досліджено передумови проголошення незалежності Карпатської України, продемонстровано особливості формування та діяльності органів державної влади під орудою автономного уряду Августина Волошина. За допомогою детального аналізу наукової літератури та інших законодавчих актів сформовано власну наукову позицію щодо проблеми, яка досліджується. Акцентовано увагу на складному зовнішньополітичному та внутрішньополітичному становищі новоствореної української держави, виявлено причини, що спонукали урядовців Карпатської України стати на шлях відмови від побудови демократичних цінностей, на підґрунті яких мала розвиватися молода держава
Проблеми понятійно-термінологічного апарату процедури ініціювання проведення судової експертизи у кримінальному провадженні
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the formulation of a stable conceptual and terminological apparatus of the procedure for initiating a forensic examination in criminal proceedings. The provisions of the current criminal procedural legislation regarding the procedures for initiating forensic examinations have been analyzed. It has been found that the specified procedures have at least nine different legally established names, which contradicts the requirements of the principle of legal certainty and may lead to confusion in practice.
The artocle argues that the term “conducting an expertise” should refer exclusively to a forensic examination within the meaning of Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Expertise” and does not include the activity of the subjects of evidence regarding the initiation of such an examination or evaluation of the conclusion based on its results. The content of the wordings “appointment of expertise” and “order of expertise” has been considered in detail. It is emphasized that the first of them should be applied to the cases of initiation of the examination by the prosecution, the investigating judge and the court, while the second – to the procedures of initiation of the forensic examination by other entities on a contractual basis. The incorrectness of the wordings “engagement of an expert”, “assignment (for) conducting an examination” is indicated due to the traditional use of the words “engage” and “assign” in criminal proceedings in a different context. It is proposed to bring the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on the initiation of forensic examinations into a single system of concepts, and to bring other legal acts into compliance with the specified Code.Статтю присвячено формулюванню понятійно-термінологічного апарату процедури ініціювання судового експертного дослідження у кримінальному провадженні. Проаналізовано положення чинного кримінального процесуального законодавства щодо процедур ініціювання судових експертиз. З’ясовано, що указані процедури мають як мінімум дев’ять різних законодавчо закріплених назв, що суперечить вимогам принципу правової визначеності та може призвести до плутанини на практиці. Детально розглянуто зміст понять «проведення експертизи», «призначення експертизи» та «замовлення експертизи», вказано на некоректність деяких інших термінів. Запропоновано привести положення Кримінального процесуального кодексу України щодо ініціювання проведення судових експертиз до єдиної системи понять, а положення інших нормативно-правових актів – у відповідність до цього Кодексу
Основні загрози інтересам держави у сфері інформаційної безпеки України
Get PDFThe article emphasises that in the context of the significant impact of information on society, one of the main threats faced by modern states is information.
It is noted that the phenomenon of the State interests embodies the interconnection of public interests and the specifics of their implementation by public authorities established at the regulatory, legal, organisational and administrative levels, taking into account the economic, social, political, diplomatic, security and information foundations of the State\u27s vital activity.
For the purpose of more comprehensive understanding of the main threats to the interests of the state in the field of information security of Ukraine, the following threats are identified: the use of information influence to distort political opinion and attitudes of the population to certain phenomena, processes, public authorities, political forces and individuals; imperfect regulatory and legal support for the information security of the state; deliberate distortion of information at the level of state leaders and diplomatic representatives and their negative impact on the opinion of the international community; insufficient participation of the Ukrainian population in countering information attacks; insufficient institutional and organisational support for information security education and the formation of an information security culture in society.
In order to eliminate the above threats, it is proposed to: develop a comprehensive legal act on the principles of information security of Ukraine, which would consolidate real and potential threats to information security, the foundations of the State policy in the field of information security, in particular under martial law, which would facilitate further development of this area, consistency of certain by-laws and regulations that partially regulate this area and lay down a strategic vision of its development; use the potential of modern information technologies in the process of disseminating information about real problems and needs at the grassroots level; convey to the international community the real, not artificially formed, moods and ideas of the population regarding certain problems related to patriotism and loyalty to the state; introduce information security education, which allows equipping the population with a set of necessary knowledge about the basics of critical thinking, information hygiene and media security; In order to eliminate the above threats, it is proposed to: develop a culture of information security by developing national strategies that would cover a set of educational, ideological, cultural activities, as well as different categories of the population, for example, developing a system of professional development for public servants, teaching certain disciplines for students of higher education institutions and holding classes, competitions, tournaments for students of general secondary education institutions.У статті наголошено на тому, що в умовах значного впливу інформації на життя суспільства одними з основних загроз, які постають перед сучасними державами, виступають саме інформаційні. У сфері інформаційної безпеки України виокремлено такі загрози: використання інформаційного впливу задля спотворення думки населення щодо політичної ситуації; недосконале нормативно-правове забезпечення інформаційної безпеки держави; навмисне викривлення інформації на рівні лідерів держав і дипломатичних представників; недостатня участь населення України у протидії інформаційним атакам; недосконалість інституційного й організаційного забезпечення освіти з інформаційної безпеки та формування культури інформаційної безпеки в суспільстві
Побудова моделі загроз національній критичній інфраструктурі України як основа забезпечення її безпеки та стійкості
Get PDFThe article presents the current problems of protecting Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, current threats to its security and the need to organise proper counteraction under martial law. Threats to critical infrastructure include factors that can actually or potentially harm the stability of its operation, functionality, integrity, resilience or lead to its destruction.
The purpose of the article is to create an up-to-date threat model that formalises the likely impacts on Ukraine’s critical infrastructure, which will improve the effectiveness of its protection. The scientific novelty of the article is that it examines the actual needs and problematic issues of forming a modern model of threats to critical infrastructure, primarily in the context of the ongoing full-scale military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine.
Creating a threat model is defined for critical infrastructure as a necessity to ensure effective protection of its facilities. The formation of a basic threat model for critical infrastructure facilities, which should include related models of the facility, situation and intruder, is currently an important element of the algorithm for solving this problem.
The basic model of threats to critical infrastructure is the framework on which the state determines who and what it needs to protect itself from at the national level. However, Ukrainian legislation currently does not provide for the need to develop a model of threats to the national critical infrastructure, which negatively affects the state of its security and resilience.
The perspective measures that will contribute to both the stable functioning of critical infrastructure facilities and ensure their proper protection are outlined: enshrining in Ukrainian legislation the need to develop a model of threats to critical infrastructure, adopting regulations on standardisation of risk management processes for critical infrastructure in order to prevent threats, and more.Висвітлено сучасні проблемні питання захисту критичної інфраструктури України, актуальні загрози її безпеці та потреби організації належної протидії в умовах воєнного стану. Загрозами критичній інфраструктурі є чинники, що спроможні реально чи потенційно завдати шкоди безперервності її роботи, функціональності, цілісності й стійкості або призвести до руйнування. Визначено побудову моделі загроз критичній інфраструктурі як потребу забезпечення ефективного захисту її об’єктів. Формування базової моделі загроз для об’єктів критичної інфраструктури, що має включати взаємопов’язані моделі об’єкта, обстановки та порушника, нині є важливим елементом алгоритму вирішення зазначеного завдання. Окреслено перспективні заходи, що як сприятимуть стабільному функціонуванню об’єктів критичної інфраструктури, так і забезпечуватимуть їх належний захист
Правові засади протидії порушенням митних правил Державною митною службою України
Get PDFThe article emphasizes that Ukraine really has a carefully developed system of legal acts aimed at preventing and countering violations of customs rules. This includes constitutional norms, international agreements and domestic legislation aimed at ensuring effective customs activities and combating illegal customs activities.
It is noted that administrative and legal regulation has an important place in the system of combating violations of customs rules. The use of administrative and legal means allows to effectively respond to violations of customs regulations, promoting compliance with the established rules and ensuring the appropriate level of responsibility.
It is emphasised that, taking into account changes in modern conditions of trade and economy, it is important to update and improve legislation in the field of customs affairs constantly in order to ensure an effective and fair system of customs control.
It is determined that ensuring openness and availability of information about customs rules and procedures is a key aspect of effective customs control. High transparency contributes not only to compliance with the rules, but also builds trust in the activities of customs authorities.
Attention is focused on the fact that effective administrative and legal regulation should be aimed not only at punishing violators, but also at protecting the rights and interests of law-abiding subjects of foreign economic activity. Ensuring their legal protection is an important element of a stable business environment.
At the same time, it should be noted that in order to comply with customs regulations successfully, it is important to provide employees of the State Customs Service with the appropriate knowledge and skills. Continuous professional development of personnel is a guarantee of effective functioning of the specified customs body.Адміністративно-правовому регулюванню відводиться важливе місце в системі протидії порушенням митних правил. Застосування адміністративно-правових засобів дозволяє ефективно реагувати на порушення митних норм, сприяючи дотриманню встановлених правил та забезпечуючи належний рівень відповідальності. Наголошено, що з урахуванням змін у сучасних умовах торгівлі та економіки важливо постійно оновлювати й удосконалювати законодавство у сфері митної справи, щоб забезпечити ефективну та справедливу систему митного контролю
Вплив психологічних особливостей особистості на тактику проведення судово-психіатричної експертизи
Get PDFThe article examines the influence of psychological characteristics of a personality on the tactics of forensic psychiatric examination.
A forensic psychiatric examination is a comprehensive study of a person’s mental state, which is carried out with the aim of establishing the person’s ability to bear responsibility for his or her actions. The results of the examination may have a significant impact on the course of criminal proceedings and the determination of the penalty. In addition to the mental disorder, the results of the examination may also be influenced by the psychological characteristics of the defendant\u27s personality.
Psychological features of a person are stable individual psychological characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour in different situations. They include such properties as temperament, character, emotionality, will, personality orientation, intelligence, value orientations, etc. These characteristics can affect how the defendant perceives the examination situation, how he or she behaves with the expert, how he or she answers questions, and how he or she assesses his or her own mental state.
Understanding the psychological characteristics of the defendant\u27s personality allows the expert to: optimise the examination methodology, i.e. the choice of research methods and tactics of interviewing the defendant depends on his/her psychological characteristics; increase the objectivity and reliability of expert opinions, i.e. the expert must take into account the possible influence of psychological characteristics on the defendant\u27s behaviour and answers; avoid mistakes and bias in the examination (the expert must be objective and impartial).
Psychological characteristics of a person are not static, they can change over time under the influence of various factors. Therefore, the expert must take into account not only the stable psychological characteristics of the defendant, but also his or her current emotional state.
The study of psychological characteristics of a personality and their impact on the tactics of forensic psychiatric examination is important for improving the quality of examinations. Understanding these features allows the expert to assess the defendant’s mental state more objectively and reliably.Проаналізовано вплив психологічних особливостей особистості обвинуваченого на тактику проведення судово-психіатричної експертизи. Досліджено конкретні аспекти особистісного складу особистості, що можуть впливати на результати експертизи та як це враховується під час її проведення. Зроблено акцент на взаємодії психологічних чинників із правовими процесами та можливості їх урахування для забезпечення об’єктивності й точності судових вироків. Проаналізовано практичні аспекти роботи експертів у сфері судової психіатрії та надано рекомендації щодо оптимізації процесу проведення експертизи з урахуванням психологічних особливостей особистості обвинуваченого
Характеристика повноважень територіальних управлінь Державного бюро розслідувань
Get PDFThe article focuses on the fact that the creation of the State Bureau of Investigation of Ukraine was an important step towards ensuring the high-quality and efficient functioning of the entire law enforcement sector of our country, as well as the establishment of the rule of law and legality. It is argued that in the current context, the State Bureau of Investigation is beginning to play an increasingly important role in ensuring the proper functioning of all other state institutions. It is emphasised that the work of the State Bureau of Investigation directly depends on the quality and effectiveness of the powers of its territorial offices.
Based on the analysis of scientific views of scholars, it is noted that powers are a legally established scope of the rights and obligations which allows to implement the tasks and functions of the territorial offices of the State Bureau of Investigation to the fullest extent and with maximum efficiency. It is stated that these powers are exercised both by the central office of the State Bureau of Investigation and by the territorial departments; the factor determining the scope of application of the powers is the competence of these entities, including the territories covered by their activities. It is determined that the powers are aimed at protecting the legitimate interests of SBI employees in a fair assessment of their service, career and professional growth, and the absence of obstacles to their professional activities.
It is argued that the powers of the territorial offices of the State Bureau of Investigation should be divided into two large groups: a) according to the subject to whom the powers belong such as: the head, investigators, employees of operational units, employees of auxiliary units (e.g., personnel, financial and economic); b) according to the orientation 1) on the direct implementation of the SBI’s tasks (rule-making, personnel and organisational, information and analytical, pre-trial investigation and operational search activities, methodological, protection of public property interests, in the field of cooperation); 2) related to the organisation of effective performance of the above powers (careful treatment of property, ethical behaviour, etc.)Проаналізовано наукові погляди вчених щодо розуміння поняття «повноваження територіальних управлінь Державного бюро розслідувань». Спираючись на проведений аналіз, зроблено висновок, що повноваженнями є законодавчо встановлений обсяг прав та обов’язків, який дозволяє повною мірою та максимально ефективно реалізувати завдання і функції територіальних управлінь Державного бюро розслідувань. Зазначено, що відповідні повноваження найбільш доцільно поділити на дві групи: 1) за суб’єктом, якому повноваження належать; 2) за спрямованістю