Ural Federal University: URFU Journal Systems / Журнальный портал УРФУ
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Wetting and spreading phenomena in liquid bismuth-alkali halide systems
Get PDFThis investigation is devoted to the study of the features of wetting phenomena in high temperature systems that are promising as environments for processing and disposal of man-made and radioactive wastes. New data on the phase wetting transition in two-phase liquid media have been obtained by analyzing the values of the adhesion of salt melts to liquid metals. The present study is focused on the systems composed of molten alkali halides and liquid bismuth. Their adhesion was calculated using experimental data on the surface tension of metals and salts, as well as the interfacial tension between metals and salts. A regular change in the adhesion work is illustrated depending on the temperature, electrical potential and nature of the contact phases. The transition phenomenon from incomplete wetting to full wetting has been established. It is shown that this transition is facilitated by an increase in temperature, a potential jump in the phase contact plane, and the polarizability of salt phase ions. The potential dependence of the adhesion work near the wetting transition point is described by a power equation with a critical index equal to 1.1
Применение магнитных сорбентов, модифицированных молекулярно импринтированными полимерами, для скрининга фенольных ксеноэстрогенов
Get PDFA new method for the determining phenolic xenoestrogens, chemicals that destroy the endocrine system (EDC), i.e., 4-octylphenol (OP), 4-nonylphenol (NLP) and bisphenol A (BPA), in sediments and river waters with preliminary concentration on magnetic sorbents functionalized by polymers based on molecular imprints is proposed. were determined In the concentrates EDC were converted to derivatives by reaction with acetic anhydride and then determined by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The accuracy of the determination was evaluated by the "added–found" method.Use of the molecular imprinted polymers allows determining up to 5 ng/l NLP and 6 ng/l OP and BFA in wastewaters. In bottom sediments, the limit of determination was 100 ng/kg for NLP and 150 ng/kg for OP or BPA. The decrease in sensitivity was due to the high contamination of bottom sediments and increased matrix effects. Products of degradation of humic acid, surfactants and petroleum products have the greatest interfering effect. The method was tested on EDC screening in waters and bottom sediments of the Voronezh reservoir. Sites near the unorganized discharge of wastewaters and near the discharge of municipal wastewater treatment plants were selected as sampling points. The maximum concentrations of OP, NLP and BPA found in the river waters were 335, 1138 and 144 ng/l, respectively, and in the bottom sediments were 6.9, 10.7 and 5.9 μg/kg, respectively.Keywords: phenolic xenoestrogenes, bisphenol A, 4-octylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, concentration, molecularly imprinted polymers, determinationПредложен способ определения фенольных ксеноэстрогенов – химических веществ, разрушающих эндокринную систему (EDC): 4-октилфенола (ОФ), 4-нонилфенола (НЛФ) и бисфенола А (БФА) в донных отложениях и речных водах с предварительным концентрированием на магнитных сорбентах, функционализированных полимерами с молекулярными отпечатками. В концентратах EDC переводили в дериваты по реакции с уксусным ангидридом, которые определяли методом газовой хроматографии в сочетании с масс-спектрометрией (ГХ-МС). Правильность определения оценивали методом «введено-найдено».Применение молекулярно импринтированных полимеров позволяет определить в сточной воде до 5 нг/л НЛФ и по 6 нг/л ОФ и БФА. В донных отложениях предел определения на порядок хуже и составляет 100 нг/кг (НЛФ) и по 150 нг/кг (ОФ, БФА). Уменьшение чувствительности обусловлено высокой загрязненностью донных отложений и усилением матричных эффектов. Наибольшее мешающее влияние оказывают примеси продуктов деградации гуминовых кислот, ПАВ и нефтепродукты. Способ апробирован на примере скрининга EDC в водах и донных отложениях Воронежского водохранилища. В качестве точек отбора выбраны участки вблизи неорганизованного сброса неочищенных сточных вод и вблизи сброса сточных вод городских очистных сооружений. Установлено максимальное содержание в речных водах 340, 1140 и 140 нг/л и в донных отложениях – 6.9, 10.7 и 5.8 мкг/кг соответственно ОФ, НЛФ, БФА. Ключевые слова: фенольные ксеноэстрогены, бисфенол А, 4-октилфенол, 4-нонилфенол, концентрирование, молекулярно импринтированные полимеры, определени
Ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate for the bone augmentation purposes: cytocompatibility in a cell culture model
Get PDFCreation of new ceramic materials for the bone augmentation purposes that combine the absence of cytotoxicity, high strength and osseointegration characteristics is an urgent modern task. In this work, the cytocompatibility of ceramic materials based on lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7) was determined to assess the prospects for their use as implants and components of human joint endoprostheses. The effect of ceramic materials based on undoped and alkali-earth (Ca, Sr) doped La2Zr2O7 on the viability and proliferative activity of human cells was evaluated. The release of elements into the culture medium was also evaluated
Proton-conducting oxides based on LaScO3: structure, properties and electrochemical applications. A focus review
Get PDFSolid state proton conductors are promising materials for various electrochemical applications. LaScO3 - based oxides are representatives of the proton-conducting oxides with perovskite structure, alternative to conventional cerates and zirconates of alkaline-earth elements. These oxides exhibit a sufficient level of proton conductivity with a combination of good chemical stability in the H2O and CO2 - containing atmospheres. The current review is focused on summarizing and analyzing of the currently available data on LaScO3 - based oxides. The peculiarities of crystal structure and proton defect formation, aspects of synthesis and obtaining dense ceramics, and electrical properties are provided. Additionally, the current state of applications in electrochemical devices of LaScO3 - based oxides is briefly discussed
Киностудия как институт памяти о войне? «Авторитетные зрители» и советское производство культурной травмы (1960–1980-е гг.)
No full textAbstract. The institutional approach in memory studies implies the study of stable organizational structures responsible for the production of cultural memory. Addressing the problem of late-Soviet institutions of memory of the Great Patriotic War in the 1960s-1980s, the author considers the film studio, using “Lenfilm” as an example, as a special institution of memory and cultural trauma of the war. Based on institutional sources (script files, artistic councils, etc.), the author proposes to study the production of Soviet films about the war as the interaction of a complex system of conflicting “authoritative viewers” who had (relative) autonomy, functions, and a different type of authority in judging the past – the “power of memory». The author substantiates a typology of such “memory power” (“author power”, “studio power”, “power of the cultural bureaucracy”, “party power”, “military power”, “corporate power”, and “media power”) and summarizes the main properties inherent in the system of cultural production that influenced the film memory of the war in the “long 1970s” – its stability, “institutional opacity”, “constant bargaining”, overlapping party-bureaucratic control, contestation and defense of the “autonomy of the author”.Key words: institute of memory, cultural trauma, cultural memory, Great Patriotic War, Leningrad blockade, Soviet cinema, LenfilmИнституциональный подход в memory studies предполагает изучение устойчивых организационных структур, ответственных за производство культурной памяти. Обращаясь к проблеме позднесоветских институтов памяти о Великой Отечественной войне в 1960–1980-е гг., автор рассматривает киностудию на примере «Ленфильма» как особый институт памяти и культурной травмы войны. Основываясь на институциональных источниках (сценарные дела, художественные советы и др.), автор предлагает изучать производство советских фильмов о войне как взаимодействие сложной системы конфликтующих «авторитетных зрителей», обладавших (относительной) автономией, функциями и разным типом авторитета в суждении о прошлом – «властью памяти». Автор обосновывает типологию такой «власти памяти» («власть автора», «власть студии», «власть культурной бюрократии», «власть партии», «власть военных», «власть цеха», «власть медиа») и суммирует основные свойства, присущие системе культурного производства и влиявшие на кинопамять о войне в «долгие 1970-е» – ее стабильность, «институциональную непрозрачность», «постоянство торга», дублирование партийно-бюрократического контроля, оспаривание и защиту «автономии автора»
Об активизации одной словообразовательной модели в контексте специальной военной операции на Украине
Get PDFThe article examines the semantics and functioning of abstract procedural nouns with the prefix de- in modern media. The activation of this word — formation type was stimulated by two key terms used during the special military operation conducted in Ukraine — demilitarization and denazification. Contexts involving a number of common words and neoplasms with this prefix are investigated. It is shown that the prefix de- in the composition of derived words constructs a description of the modern complex political situation, manifesting the meaning of the annulment of everything that formed the established basis of the former world.В статье рассматривается семантика и функционирование отвлеченных процессуальных существительных с приставкой де- в современных СМИ. Активизация данного словообразовательного типа была стимулирована двумя ключевыми терминами, употребленными в ходе проводимой на Украине специальной военной операции — демилитаризация и денацификация. Исследуются контексты, включающие целый ряд узуальных слов и новообразований с данным префиксом. Показано, что приставка де- в составе производных слов конструирует описание современной сложной политической ситуации, манифестируя значение аннулирования всего, что составляло устоявшуюся основу прежнего мира
Economic feasibility of gasification scenarios in remote areas (the case of Sverdlovsk region, Russia)
Get PDFRelevance. Structural changes in the Russian market create new trends, including energy supply in remote areas. The government is planning to redirect natural gas to domestic buyers. However, according to the estimates of biogas potential, it can fully meet the energy needs of households with no access to centralized gas supply.Research objective is to choose the optimal scenario of gasification in remote areas by evaluating the economic feasibility of several alternatives, including biogas technologies and the centralized gas supply system.Data and methods. The study focuses on the case of Sverdlovsk region and considers three scenarios of gasification in its remote areas. The method includes the calculation of the full discounted value of energy facilities, the comparison of their productive capacity, the analysis of the key external factors.Results. In terms of cost, the most economically feasible is the scenario of biogas plants using by individual households. However, accounting productivity, the scenarios based on the use of centralized gas supply or collective biogas plants. The economic feasibility of these two scenarios depends on the number of buildings serviced.Conclusions. The optimal scenario is the centralized gas supply. Despite its high costs, it can ensure the uninterrupted supply of the necessary energy amount to private households and does not depend on factors such as the availability of manure and organic waste and weather conditions. One more advantage is that Russia currently has a more elaborate and adequate legal framework regulating its use than for the other two options
Molecular dynamic simulation of the [N(C4H9)4]BF4 / (110) α-Al2O3 interface
Get PDFThe structure and transport properties of the pure salt [N4]BF4 and this salt located in the contact with the (110) surface of a-Al2O3 were studied using a MD computer simulation in order to reveal the effect of the salt/oxide interface on the structure and properties of the salt. The radial distribution functions of the ions and their mean square displacements were analyzed as a function of the temperature during the cooling of the salt. It was found that in all the cases anions are more mobile than cations. The molten phase of [N4]BF4 tends to crystallize at temperature 420 K which is close to the experimental melting point. The salt located in the [N4]BF4/(110)Al2O3 interface exhibits high values of anion self-diffusion coefficients which are higher by 1.2–2 orders of magnitude than in pure salt. This effect is likely to be caused by the formation of a layered atomic structure located within a characteristic thickness of 5 nm. Despite the structuring, the structure of the salt is amorphous, no crystallization-related effect is observed. The results of MD simulations agree with the experimental effect of the conductivity enhancement observed previously in [N4]BF4-Al2O3 nanocomposites
Теоретико-методологические основания анализа влияния лидеров мнений в онлайн-среде
Get PDFThe main purpose of the article is to search for the possibilities of applying classical and postclassical models of social network analysis to leadership research. In modern conditions, opinion leaders become strategically important, having the capabilities of both local and dispersed association of supporters to achieve socially significant goals, and aggravating the risks of destructive antisocial consolidation. The novelty of the proposed study is due to the fact that it presents a comprehensive analytical conceptualization of the influence of social network opinion leaders, as well as identification technology and control in various areas of modern digital society.Основной целью статьи является поиск возможностей применения классических и постклассических моделей анализа социальных сетей к исследованию лидерства. В современных условиях лидеры мнений становятся стратегически значимы, располагая возможностями как локального и дисперсного объединения сторонников для достижения социально значимых целей, так и усугубления рисков деструктивной асоциальной консолидации. Новизна предлагаемого материала состоит в том, что в нем представлены комплексная аналитическая концептуализация влияния лидеров мнений социальных сетей, а также технологии идентификации и управляющего воздействия в различных сферах современного цифрового общества
Ремейк сюжета о Параше Луполовой в повести Е. А. Салиаса «Ваня»
Get PDFThe article deals with the story of E. A. Salias “Vanya” (1896), which appears to be a remake of the popular story about Parasha Lupolova (“parasha’s plot”). A hypothesis is put forward that a remake is possible in relation to the plot of any “level” of literature, the main criterion is its popularity; a remake is a stage of the sustainable plot development.В статье рассмотрена повесть Е. А. Салиаса «Ваня» (1896), представляющая собой ремейк популярного сюжета о Параше Луполовой («парашин сюжет»). Высказана гипотеза о том, что ремейк возможен применительно к сюжету любого «уровня» литературы, основным критерием является его (сюжета) популярность; ремейк является этапом развития устойчивого сюжета