Ural Federal University: URFU Journal Systems / Журнальный портал УРФУ
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Structure and properties of the FLiNaK – LaF3 melt obtained with neural network potential
Get PDFAccurate and efficient prediction of the thermochemical properties of the melts applicable in molten salt reactors could be made if the proper machine learning model is used. In this paper, the neural network potential for simulation of 85 % (LiF – NaF – KF)eut. – 15 % LaF3 molten mixture was developed based on ab initio data. In spite of multiple atomic types, the model of a moderate size showed small root mean squared errors in energy and forces of 0.5 meV/atom and 39 meV/Å, respectively. Then the neural network potential was employed to calculate local structure, density, self-diffusion coefficients, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity for a range of temperatures. We found that the addition of LaF3 to the eutectic mixture of alkali fluorides results in a reduction the melt ability to store and transfer heat. The strong effect observed here is the reduction in heat capacity by 20–30 %. The analysis of the local structure details reveals the existence of [LaF6], [LaF7] and [LaF8] groupings, with the most probable being [LaF7] and the La – F separation averaged over the ensemble of 2.35 Å
Промышленное тиражирование и система соцзаказа в советском искусстве начала 1930-х гг.: образы индустриализации Урала
Get PDFThis article examines the phenomenon of large-edition art production in the Soviet fine art of the early 1930s. The relevance and proliferation of reproduction and other printing formats were driven by the necessity to develop mass propaganda tools for extensive ideological influence on the viewer and mobilisation of society, including during the era of widespread industrialisation. The objective of this paper is to examine the artistic representation of the industrialisation of the Urals in Soviet posters, mass images, popular prints (lubok) and postcards from the early 1930s, with reference to the system of social commissions and the practice of industrial reproduction in art. This article is based on an analysis of documentary sources, materials of art criticism from the 1930s, and current research from the turn of the twenty-first century. The prerequisites and features of picture and poster art production are outlined in detail. An essential element of this study is the characterisation and analysis of images of the industrialisation of the Urals in poster, mass picture, popular print (lubok) and postcard. This includes the interpretation of individual subjects and an examination of the compositional structure of images. The features and specifics of social commission in the utilisation of industrial methods for the production and distribution of fine art are examined with reference to large-edition art works of the early 1930s and objects of original painting and graphics created for reproduction.Статья посвящена феномену тиражной художественной продукции в советском изобразительном искусстве начала 1930-х гг. Востребованность и распространение репродукционных и других полиграфических форматов были обусловлены необходимостью создания массовых агитационных инструментов для масштабного идеологического воздействия на зрителя и мобилизации общества, в том числе в ходе широкой индустриализации. Целью данной работы является рассмотрение художественного воплощения темы индустриализации Урала в советском плакате, массовой картине, лубке, открытке начала 1930-х гг. в контексте существовавшего соцзаказа и практики промышленного тиражирования в искусстве. В статье на основе анализа документальных источников, материалов художественной критики 1930-х гг., а также актуальных исследований рубежа XX–XXI вв. излагаются предпосылки и особенности картинно-плакатной изопродукции. Важное место отводится характеристике и анализу образов индустриализации Урала в плакате, массовой картине, лубке и открытке, приводятся трактовки отдельных сюжетов и композиционного устройства изображений. На примере тиражных произведений начала 1930-х гг., а также предметов оригинальной живописи и графики, созданных специально для репродуцирования, рассматриваются особенности и специфика соцзаказа в использовании промышленных способов в изготовлении и дистрибьюции изобразительного искусства
Параметры концепции еврейского музея в Самарканде: кейс с опросом представителей местной общины
Get PDFIn the article on the basis of the ideas of ‘new museology’ and the data of the conducted survey among representatives of the Jewish community of Samarkand the authors fix the critical situation in terms of preservation of the Jewish cultural heritage in this multinational city. One of the possible ways to improve it could be the creation of a museum of Jewish culture in Samarkand, which would meet modern standards and act as a center of tolerance and a place for the study and development of the disappearing culture. The survey helps to define the parameters of the museum concept more precisely and to make the first steps towards the formation of the museum community.В статье на основе идей «новой музеологии» и данных проведенного опроса среди представителей еврейской общины Самарканда авторы фиксируют критическую ситуацию в части сохранения еврейского культурного наследия в этом мультинациональном городе. Одним из возможных путей ее улучшения может стать создание отвечающего современным стандартам музея еврейской культуры в Самарканде, который будет выступать центром толерантности и местом изучения и развития исчезающей культуры. Опрос помогает точнее определить параметры концепции музея и сделать первые шаги по формированию музейного сообщества
Editorial
Get PDFIn 2007, the world reached a pivotal moment in the ongoing process of urbanization, with the global urban population surpassing the rural population for the first time. Africa is the only continent where this process has not yet been completed. According to UN projections, it is expected to occur no earlier than the second third of the 21st century. Africa, however, is very diverse in this regard: in some countries, the majority of the population has long been urban, while in others, most of the population are still living in rural areas.“Anyone can define what a city is, except an urbanist”—this statement applies to Africa as well. The lack of consistent statistical criteria for defining cities and urban lifestyles makes it difficult to compare urban development indicators across countries. Nevertheless, using both national and international conceptual frameworks, the contributors to this special issue of R-Economy will examine the reasons behind the slow pace of urbanization in Africa and assess the role of the continent's cities in its socio-economic development.In his paper, “Luxury or Necessity? The Dynamics of Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Suleiman Onimisi Mamman employs long time-series data from 1996 to 2022 to statistically assess the significance of various factors and conditions influencing urban development in sub-Saharan African countries. Drawing on E. Lee's theory, the author concludes that migration from rural areas to cities in Africa is primarily driven by individuals’ desire to access a wider range of services than those available in rural areas, including both social services (such as education and healthcare) and those related to the services sector (like housing and utilities).In their study “Digital education index in cities of Africa,” Victoria Akberdina and Maxim Vlasov assess the relationship between digital higher education as a key component of human capital and the urban and economic development of African countries. The findings did not support the initial hypothesis that the number of universities is directly related to the number of people with higher education and the proportion of digital technology users in cities. However, the study convincingly demonstrated that digital education serves as an effective mechanism for the formation and development of human capital.Ruslan Dmitriev, Stanislav Gorokhov, and Maksim Agafoshin, in their paper “From the “isolated states” to the central place system(s): water supply of the cities in modern Libya,” examine the development of the water supply system for urban settlements and agricultural enterprises in the country through the lens of J.-G. von Thünen's theory of the isolated state and W. Christaller's central place theory. The authors conclude that the “Great Man-Made River” system in Libya, in its current form, demonstrates a relatively high degree of spatial resilience. They argue that the decision made by M. Gaddafi's government to integrate previously separate water supply systems for urban areas was a sensible one.In the paper “Analyzing the District Performance Assessment Tool in Local Governments in Ghana,” John V. Mensah, Anthony E. Aikins, and David W. Essaw shift the focus from the population as the recipient of services to local government representatives as the providers. Through a qualitative analysis of survey data from the Central Region of Ghana, the authors show that enhancing the quality of services delivered at the local community level is achievable only through a comprehensive methodological approach.James O. Abugu, Fidelis U. Amahi, Johnson I. Okoh, Oyakhiromhe B. Agbadua, Emmanuel S. Udo, and Ifeanyi Onyemere in their paper “Income-level analysis of money demand stability in Sub-Saharan Africa using cross-sectional ARDL” use data from 1999 to 2023 to assess the economic stability of countries in this region. The authors conclude that on the regional level, there is a need for a unified monetary policy as well as for a single currency to stimulate economic growth and reduce regional disparities.In modern Western cities, disparities are largely mitigated—or, in theory, should be—creating unique “melting pots.” In contrast, the urban environment in Eastern cities does not inherently “free”[1] its residents. Those who migrate from rural areas often retain their positions within existing ethnic and clan structures at both local and regional levels, as well as significant aspects of rural life. This dynamic contributes to the phenomenon of false urbanization and other negative accompanying processes.In many respects, Eastern cities evolve according to principles that are not always comparable to those of Western cities. Given this context, the experiences of African countries in regulating urban processes are particularly noteworthy. The contibutors to this special issue invite interested colleagues to engage in this important discussion.[1] There is a medieval German proverb Stadtluft macht frei, meaning "The air of the city makes one free.
Архитектурный облик Харбина в романе Чи Цзыцзянь «Дым клубится над огнем»
No full textThis article considers architectural objects as an important component of the image of Harbin in Chi Zijian’s novel “Stories of Harbin”. The writer creates a wide architectural panorama of the city, includes in the narrative various types of urban buildings, which not only serve as a background for the development of the plot and the location of the hero’s action, but also become the subject of admiration for heroes. Chi Zijian describes the real-life architecture of Harbin, creating a kind of “literary model” of the city; she pays special attention to historical objects, thereby expressing her active position on their preservation and careful use. A special role in the novel is given to images of residential buildings, which help the writer to reveal the vibrant and multifaceted life of the big city, to depict the character and fate of the heroes. The author of this article provides his classification of architectural objects in the novel and analyzes the themes and motifs associated with them.В данной статье рассматриваются архитектурные объекты как важный составной элемент образа Харбина в романе Чи Цзыцзянь «Дым клубится над огнем». Писательница создает широкую архитектурную панораму города, включает в повествование различные типы городских построек, которые не только выполняют функцию фона для развития сюжета и места действия героя, но и становятся предметом восхищения и любования героев. Чи Цзыцзянь описывает реально существующую архитектуру Харбина, создавая некий «литературный макет» города, особое внимание она уделяет историческим объектам, тем самым выражая свою активную позицию по их сохранению и бережному использованию. Особая роль в романе отводится образам жилых домов, которые помогают писательнице раскрыть кипучую и многогранную жизнь большого города, изобразить характер и судьбы героев. Автор предлагает свою классификацию архитектурных объектов романа и анализирует связанные с ними темы и мотивы
Phase composition and crystal structure of alumina-zirconia ceramics with varying LaAl11O18 content
No full textThis study investigates the phase composition and structure of alumina-zirconia ceramics containing varying amounts of LaAl11O18 plates. The research addresses the significant influence of lanthanum hexaaluminate on the structural and physical properties of these ceramics, specifically focusing on its effects on crystal lattice parameters and phase volume content. Using synchrotron radiation and the Rietveld refinement method, the influence of lanthanum hexaaluminate content on the parameters of crystal lattices and phase content of the investigated materials were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the grain size, morphology, and distribution within the material matrix. High-purity powders of α-Al2O3, 3Y-ZrO2, and La2O3 were used as initial materials. The materials were obtained by the pressureless sintering techniques in two hours at 1520 °C. A series of materials comprising 50 wt.% ZrO2 and varying percentage (0–15 wt.%) of LaAl11O18 was obtained. The coherent scattering regions of the alumina and zirconia matrix phases remained relatively unchanged in the composites. The coherent scattering regions of lanthanum hexaaluminate increased significantly with its concentration in the materials. The analysis revealed a decrease in alumina grain size with increasing LaAl11O18 content, while the size of the LaAl11O18 plates displayed a consistent increase. The best properties were observed for alumina-zirconia ceramics with the calculated content of lanthanum hexaaluminate of 12 wt.%. The relative density of this material is 95.3±0.3%, the hardness is 1490 Hv, and the indentation fracture resistance is 7.2±0.3 MPaThis study investigates the phase composition and structure of alumina-zirconia ceramics containing varying amounts of LaAl11O18 plates. The research addresses the significant influence of lanthanum hexaaluminate on the structural and physical properties of these ceramics, specifically focusing on its effects on crystal lattice parameters and phase volume content. Using synchrotron radiation and the Rietveld refinement method, the influence of lanthanum hexaaluminate content on the parameters of crystal lattices and phase content of the investigated materials were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the grain size, morphology, and distribution within the material matrix. High-purity powders of α-Al2O3, 3Y-ZrO2, and La2O3 were used as initial materials. The materials were obtained by the pressureless sintering techniques in two hours at 1520 °C. A series of materials comprising 50 wt.% ZrO2 and varying percentage (0–15 wt.%) of LaAl11O18 was obtained. The coherent scattering regions of the alumina and zirconia matrix phases remained relatively unchanged in the composites. The coherent scattering regions of lanthanum hexaaluminate increased significantly with its concentration in the materials. The analysis revealed a decrease in alumina grain size with increasing LaAl11O18 content, while the size of the LaAl11O18 plates displayed a consistent increase. The best properties were observed for alumina-zirconia ceramics with the calculated content of lanthanum hexaaluminate of 12 wt.%. The relative density of this material is 95.3±0.3%, the hardness is 1490 Hv, and the indentation fracture resistance is 7.2±0.3 MPa.m1/2
The novel Zn-doped hexagonal perovskite Ba7In6Al2O19: electrical conductivity and hydration
No full textThe novel phase Ba7In5.9Zn0.1Al2O18.95 with hexagonal perovskite structure was obtained by solid-state technique. The substitution of In3+ by the Zn2+ leads to the expansion of the lattice parameters and cell volume. It was established that the investigated sample is capable of water incorporation from the gas phase; the degree of hydration reaches 1.42 mol H2O, which is significantly higher than that for the undoped phase (0.41 mol H2O). This is a result of the expansion of the hexagonal layer that facilitates the placement of OH–-groups. The oxide-ion and proton conductivities for the doped Ba7In5.9Zn0.1Al2O18.95 sample were higher than those for the undoped composition, Ba7In6Al2O19, by 0.50 and 0.75 orders of magnitude (500 °C), respectively. The new phase Ba7In5.9Zn0.1Al2O18.95 demonstrates the predominant protonic conductivity at Т ≤ 500 °C and pH2O = 1.93·10−2 atm
Surface bound microgels on the basis of carboxymethylcellulose: preparation via the Ugi reaction and structural investigation using fluorescent and spin labels
No full textA microgel with an average diameter of 368±4 nm was obtained by adding a small amount of polyvinylamine (PVAm) to a 0.3% aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The CMC/PVAm microgel particles were deposited on a layer of pure PVAm, which in turn was located on a glass substrate. Four-component Ugi condensation in aqueous solutions at pH 5.0–5.5 was applied to fix the resulted structures. A water-insoluble layer of PVAm gel with CMC/PVAm microgel particles distributed over its surface was obtained. It was shown that at pH 8 the CMC/PVAm gel particles swell, more completely covering the surface of the PVAm gel layer applied to a glass substrate. Fluorescent labels (aminofluorescein moiety) and spin labels (amino-TEMPO moiety) were introduced into the CMC structure in order to monitor this process using fluorescence microscopy and EPR spectroscopy
Метаморфозы кинофантастики: эволюция жанровой структуры
Get PDFThe object of the research in the article is the evolution of the genre structure of science fiction films, the origins of which are closely connected with folklore, epics and mythology of different nations of the world, as well as with fiction, which is based on the genre of science fiction in the 18th–19th centuries. The authors analyze the problems of science fiction films in a historical context: from the appearance of the first science fiction plots on the screen to modern blockbusters of the era of artificial intelligence and computer technology.Объектом исследования в статье является эволюция жанровой структуры кинофантастики, истоки которой тесно связаны с фольклором, эпосом и мифологией разных народов мира, а также с художественной литературой, в которой в XVIII–XIX вв. развиваются жанры фантастики. Авторы анализируют проблемы кинофантастики в историческом контексте: от появления на экране первых фантастических сюжетов до современных блокбастеров эпохи искусственного интеллекта и компьютерных технологий
Память о перестройке в нарративах российских учебников истории
No full textThe purpose of this article was to study the transformation of the memory of perestroika in the educational discourse of Russia. Based on the content analysis of textbooks and educational literature, the dynamics of interpretative strategies about perestroika and the personality of M. S. Gorbachev were analyzed in the context of the evolution of the official historical politics and the transformation of mass historical consciousness in the period 2000–2024. The evolution of historical politics in the 2000s and 2010s, as well as the change in the emphasis of the state as an actor in historical politics, contributed to the return of positive aspects of the Soviet historical experience, which increasingly turned the memory of perestroika into a negative example in discussions about the need for broad modernization reforms in Russia. The content analysis revealed the fact of a gradual transformation of strategies for interpreting perestroika in Russian textbooks, where critical-neutral and factual interpretations of the events of perestroika are replaced by negative-critical interpretations that actualize the discourse of reassessment and historical responsibility. It was revealed that this transformation took place against the backdrop of the dominance of a persistently negative assessment of the historical events of 1985–1991 in the mass historical consciousness, where the reforms of the perestroika era were not the most desirable strategy for solving the problems of the USSR.Key words: historical consciousness, cultural memory, perestroika, M. S. Gorbachev, modernization reforms, narrativeЦель данной статьи – изучение особенностей трансформации памяти о перестройке в образовательном дискурсе России. На основе контент-анализа учебников и учебной литературы анализируется динамика интерпретативных стратегий о перестройке и о личности М. С. Горбачева в контексте эволюции исторической политики государства и трансформации массового исторического сознания в период 2000–2024 гг. Эволюция исторической политики в 2000-е и 2010-е гг., а также смена акцентов государства как актора исторической политики способствовали возвращению положительных аспектов советского исторического опыта, что все более превращало память о перестройке в отрицательный пример в дискуссиях о необходимости широких модернизационных реформ в России. Проведенный контент-анализ выявил факт постепенной трансформации стратегий интерпретации перестройки в российских учебниках, где на смену критически-нейтральным и фактографическим интерпретациям событий перестройки приходят негативно-критические интерпретации, актуализирующие дискурс переоценки и исторической ответственности. Было выявлено, что данная трансформация происходила на фоне доминирования устойчиво негативной оценки исторических событий 1985–1991 гг. в массовом историческом сознании, где реформы эпохи перестройки выступают не самой желаемой стратегией решения проблем СССР