Ural Federal University: URFU Journal Systems / Журнальный портал УРФУ
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Challenges and potential of monotowns: a systematic literature review
Get PDFRelevance. Monotowns, or single-industry settlements, are pivotal in the economic and social landscapes of former Soviet countries. This systematic literature review explores monotowns, examining their evolution, challenges and implications of these unique urban formations from the 18th century to the present day. The study’s relevance lies in its comprehensive analysis of these towns, which have been significant yet underexplored in academic discourse.Research objective. The objective of this review is to critically examine the multifaceted nature of monotowns, focusing on their socio-economic dynamics, challenges, and potential transformation. The review aims to elucidate the complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors that shape these towns and to identify unexplored areas in this field of study.Data and Methods. To achieve these objectives, the study employs a systematic review protocol comprising four phases: search query, document type, publication stage, and language. This approach involves analyzing a wide range of sources from international and regional databases, ensuring a holistic view of monotowns that captures both historical and contemporary perspectives.Results. Monotowns exhibit considerable resilience amidst economic fluctuations and confront distinct socio-economic challenges, including issues specific to mining monotowns and issues related to public health. The findings underscore the importance of adaptive strategies, corporate social responsibility, and proactive government intervention in addressing these challenges.Conclusion. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of monotowns, contributing valuable insights for future research, particularly in understanding their socio-economic dynamics and the challenges they face. The study is significant for scholars in economic development of the territories and business studies, offering a foundation for further exploration of these unique urban formations
Применение хемометрики в таможенной экспертизе
Get PDFThe short communication provides information about the papers published in this issue of the journal by the experts of customs services of the Russian Federation, which resulted from their successful completion of the course in chemometrics conducted by the authors of the communication.Keywords: chemometrics, advanced training courses, customs expertiseВ сообщении представлены сведения об опубликованных в этом номере журнала статьях экспертов таможенных служб Российской Федерации, которые явились результатом успешного прохождения ими курса по хемометрике, проведенного авторами сообщения.Ключевые слова: хемометрика, курсы повышения квалификации, таможенная экспертиз
Определение 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусной кислоты и ее метаболита в почвах методом газовой хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии после предварительного концентрирования с применением магнитного угля на основе рисовой шелухи
Get PDFA method for determining 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DСР) in soils is proposed. 2,4-D and 2,4-DСР were extracted from the soil by an alkali solution. The analytes were recovered from the extract using a sorbent based on magnetite nanoparticles and coal obtained by burning rice husk, and desorbed by methanol. 2,4-D and 2,4-DСР in the concentrate thus obtained were converted to methyl esters and determined using the GC-MS method. The quantification limit (LOQ) of 2,4-D and 2,4-DCP were 3.0 μg/kg and 0.08 μg/kg, respectively. Leached black soil (from the border of Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories) was selected as a real object for analyzing the distribution of the herbicide "Ballerina" (ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-D) and its degradation product. A day after applying the herbicide, the concentration of 2,4-D in the surface layer of the soil was 119 μg/kg. Atmospheric precipitation has a significant effect on motion of 2,4-D along the soil profile. The most significant decrease in the concentration of 2,4-D was observed between 3 and 10 days after application of the herbicide. A month after application of the herbicide, the concentration of 2,4-D was 31, 18 and 11 μg/kg at the depths of 10, 30 and 50 cm, respectively; no 2,4-D was detected in the surface soil layer. Detectable amounts of 2,4-DСР appeared on 16-th day after application of the herbicide; 2,4-DСР degrades much slower than 2,4-D. After 1.5 months, the concentration of 2,4-DСР was 0.53, 0.45 and 0.22 μg/kg at the depths of 10, 30 and 50 cm, respectively. At the same time, 2,4-D was not detected throughout the soil profile. Keywords: determination, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, concentration, magnetic sorbents, magnetic carbon, rice husk, soil.Предложен способ определения 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусной кислоты (2,4-Д) и ее метаболита – 2,4-дихлорфенола (2,4-ДХФ) в почвах. 2,4-Д и 2,4ДХФ из почвы выделяли экстракцией раствором щелочи. Из экстракта аналиты извлекали с помощью сорбента на основе наночастиц магнетита и угля, полученного сжиганием рисовой шелухи, и десорбировали метанолом. В полученном концентрате 2,4-Д и 2,4-ДХФ переводили в метиловые эфиры и определяли их методом ГХ-МС. Пределы обнаружения 2,4-Д и 2,4-ДХФ составили соответственно 3.0 и 0.08 мкг/кг. В качестве реального объекта для анализа распределения гербицида «Балерина» (этилгексиловый эфир 2,4-Д) и его продукта деградации выбран выщелоченный чернозем (граница Ставропольского и Краснодарского краев). Через день после внесения препарата концентрация 2,4-Д в поверхностном слое почвы составила 119 мкг/кг. Существенное влияние на продвижение 2,4-Д по почвенному профилю оказывает выпадение осадков. Наибольшее снижение концентрации 2,4-Д установлено между 3 и 10 днями после внесения препарата. Через месяц после применения гербицида концентрации 2,4-Д составили 31, 18 и 11 мкг/кг на глубинах 10, 30 и 50 см соответственно, в поверхностном слое почвы 2,4-Д не обнаружен. 2,4-ДХФ в детектируемых количествах присутствовал на 16 день после применения гербицида, его деградация протекает значительно медленнее 2,4-Д. Через 1.5 месяца концентрация 2,4-ДХФ составила 0.53, 0.45 и 0.22 мкг/кг на глубинах 10, 30 и 50 см соответственно. В этот же срок 2,4-Д по всему почвенному профилю не обнаружен.Ключевые слова: определение, 2,4-дихлорфеноксиуксусная кислота, концентрирование, магнитные сорбенты, магнитный уголь, рисовая шелуха, почва
Features of electronic states in the vicinity of band gap and atomic structure of Ta- and Nb-doped Li7La3Zr2O12
Get PDFLi7La3Zr2O12 is one the most promising materials for Li-conducting solid electrolytes. The incorporation of Ta5+ and Nb5+ into the Zr4+ sites stabilizes its cubic structure and significantly enhances Li-conductivity, due to the formation of Li vacancies. In this research, we have studied the band gap features of Ta and Nd-doped Li7La3Zr2O12. Our findings indicate that Nb ions are present not only in the +5 valence state, but also in the +4 state, leading to the formation of oxygen vacancies. In the case of the Ta-doping, such an effect was not observed. This could be the reason for the approximately one order of magnitude higher lithium conductivity observed in the case of the Ta doping, in comparison to the Nb doping
Effect of carbon black from Ageratina adenophora and various other carbon anode plate additives on the performance of lead acid batteries
Get PDFThe incorporation of carbon materials in batteries serves to enhance its performance by improving conductivity, achieving uniform active material distribution, increasing capacity, mitigating sulfation, extending cycle life, and considering potential environmental benefits. Even though several possible mechanisms were reported, how exactly carbon works is not fully understood. In the present study a new form of carbon black was prepared from Ageratina adenophora (CBAa) and investigated for its impact on the electrical conductivity of the negative active material in 2 V lead acid cell. The performance was compared with other commercially available carbons like Graphite PG-10, Carbon N550, Carbon N330 and Carbon Vulcan. The carbon was characterised by XRD, SEM and grain size analysis. The initial capacity of the cell was consistently higher and remained stable at 4.6 W∙h; in the life cycle analysis, the cells showed 290 cycles. The post-life cycle test analysis showed that only a white layer on multiple plates indicating the onset of sulfation and there is no corrosion. The performance of the CBAa prepared in the present work was found to be better when compared with the commercially available carbons
Функционально-планировочные особенности молодежных досуговых учреждений
No full textВ статье рассмотрены современные молодежные досуговые учреждения. Цель исследования – определение функционально-планировочных особенностей молодежных досуговых учреждений за счет анализа существующих примеров учреждений и особенностей досуговой деятельности молодежи. Выделены основные досуговые потребности молодежи: самообразование, духовное развитие, телесное развитие, развлечение, отдых, коммуникация, социальная интеграция, улучшение материального благосостояния, гражданское самовыражение. С учетом взаимосвязи «потребность – деятельность – функция – функциональная зона» сформированы восемь базовых функциональных зон: образовательная, культурно-творческая, спортивная, рекреационно-развлекательная, социальной поддержки, полудосуговая или рабочая, организационная, любительских интересов. Рассмотрена каждая из зон: описаны их особенности, указан приблизительный состав помещений, возможность взаимодействия с другими зонами. Также выделены вспомогательные функциональные зоны, коммуникационный каркас и входная группа, учтено их влияние на структуру здания. Продемонстрированы практические примеры, подкрепляющие описанные особенности. Представлены упрощенные функционально-планировочные схемы организации учреждений
The circular economy skills: regional dimension
Get PDFRelevance. In the pursuit of sustainable development, the circular economy takes precedence as a fundamental imperative for industrial transformation. The current trend in the development of the circular economy concept is to place the main focus on the technological support of circularization and the corresponding innovations in business models, while the decisive role people play in this model of economy is often overlooked. Individuals with specialized knowledge, skills, and values are essential for developing and implementing circular models, making effective management decisions, and promoting rational consumption patterns. The demand for circular skills and the availability of relevant competencies can significantly differ across regions, necessitating further in-depth study.Research objective. The paper is aimed at developing a new methodological approach to the study of circular economy skills at the regional level. This approach considers these skills in terms of both employer demand and their incorporation into master's degree programs, accounting for regional specifics.Data and methods. The study employed a comprehensive approach, integrating theoretical methods with empirical analysis. Scientometric and content analysis identified taxonomies of circular economy skills, and employers' personnel needs were examined through the analysis of the HeadHunter job site using Python software. Additionally, the study encompassed an analysis of educational programs from official websites of universities in southern Russian regions.Results. A new approach to the study of supply and demand of circular economy skills at the regional level has been proposed and tested. As a result, it was determined that there is a demand for sustainable development specialists in various industries in the Russian labor market, which varies across different regions of the country. The relevant skills are included in the master’s degree programs offered by universities. There is a need for greater involvement of regional authorities in shaping educational demands presented to universities, as this is essential for generating demand in the job market for the corresponding competencies.Conclusions. To better achieve targets in sustainable development and facilitate the transition to a circular economy, it is essential to promote a balanced development of all the relevant skills and behavioral patterns. To ensure this, it is important to involve regional authorities in shaping the demand for these skills
Modelling the impact of intellectual capital on financial performance: a case of Russian banking companies
Get PDFRelevance. The knowledge economy in developing countries like Russia and India is dynamic and ever-changing. By researching the relationship between intellectual capital and financial performance, banks can create plans to manage their intangible assets efficiently, improving their financial performance, spur more innovation, and providing them with a competitive advantage.Research objective. This research aims to study the impact of the intellectual capital of the top banking companies in Russia and India on their financial performance. This research will investigate the potential effects of the following knowledge economy quirks on the correlation between financial performance and intellectual capital.Data and methods. This study includes a sample of the top eleven Russian banking companies constituents of the Moscow index and equivalent number of Indian Banking companies constituents of National Stock Exchange of India from 2011 to 2022. PLS-PM analysis has been employed to identify the intellectual capital components that predict the firm's performance and the effect of intellectual capital components on the firm's financial performance.Results. The path model results validate the model fit and provide compelling evidence for the Intellectual Capital framework's theoretical underpinnings. The study offers evidence from the Russian and the Indian banking sector that intellectual capital significantly impacts performance.Conclusions. It is focused on the new strategy the government has chosen regarding the associated intellectual property. Even if the financial structures under analysis are sound, impending competitive challenges will compel banking companies to pay more attention to intellectual capital. The knowledge stock derived from intellectual capital, as a proxy variable for a global perspective on banking intellectual capital, is the most substantial scientific evidence regarding intellectual capital (IC) in the banking industry
Strengthening fiscal decentralization in Russia: causes of the 2020 failure and prospective directions
Get PDFRelevance. Strengthening fiscal decentralization is viewed as a crucial strategy to foster the economic development of Russian regions.Research Objective. The research aims to assess the potential impact of redistributing tax revenues, particularly VAT, among various budget levels.Data and Methods. The study employs regression analysis to investigate the correlation between the Gross Regional Product (GRP) of Russian regions and the expenditures of their consolidated budgets. A comparative analysis is also conducted, using data from the Federal Tax Service on VAT receipts to the federal budget and data from the Federal State Statistics Service on GRP and expenditure components of regional budgets from 2005 to 2021.Results. The research confirms the Russian government’s concerns regarding a possible increase in economic disparities if 40% of VAT is shifted to sub-federal levels. It reveals the negative impact that such a measure would have on specific regions. Instead, a more promising approach is to implement a special budgetary regime in select regions to stimulate their development.Conclusions. The study showcases adverse effects associated with transferring 40% of VAT to the sub-federal level. It proposes a mechanism to enhance fiscal decentralization in Russia, aiming to advance regional economic development, address economic disparities among regions, and offset any potential reduction in federal budget revenues
МОТИВИРОВАНИЕ СТУДЕНТОВ К ЗАНЯТИЯМ АТЛЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ГИМНАСТИКОЙ
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the problem of motivating students to engage in physical education at the university. The article presents the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the organization of athletic gymnastics classes, which contribute to increasing the motivation of students. To assess the effectiveness of the means and methods of pedagogical influence, a student questionnaire was used. 45 students of the Ural Federal University took part in the study. The results of the study revealed that when motivating students, it is necessary to use not only techniques and methods aimed at strengthening external motivation, but to a greater extent internal motivation. The development of students' internal motivation for classes ensures an increase in academic performance, a steady and significant increase in strength indicators in test exercises with a barbell, as well as commitment to athletic gymnastics not only during their studies at the university, but also in the future.Статья посвящена проблеме мотивирования студентов к занятиям физической культурой в вузе. В статье представлены психолого-педагогические условия к организации занятий атлетической гимнастикой, которые способствуют повышению мотивации студентов. Для оценки эффективности средств и методов педагогического воздействия использовалось анкетирование студентов. В исследовании приняли участие 45 студентов Уральского федерального университета. Результаты исследования выявили, что при мотивировании студентов необходимо использовать не только приемы и методы направленные на усиление внешней мотивации, но в большей степени внутренней мотивации. Развитие внутренней мотивации студентов к занятиям обеспечивает повышение успеваемости, устойчивый, значимый рост силовых показателей в зачетных упражнениях со штангой, а так же приверженность к занятиям атлетической гимнастикой не только в период учебы в вузе, но и в будущем