Ural Federal University: URFU Journal Systems / Журнальный портал УРФУ
Not a member yet
3848 research outputs found
Sort by
Позднесредневековый Херсон по археологическим данным: к проблеме существования города в конце XIII – XIV в.
Get PDFThis article examines the archaeological finds from the last quarter of the thirteenth and fourteenth century, which shed light on the history of mediaeval Chersonese (Cherson). After the catastrophe that Cherson experienced in the third quarter of the thirteenth century, the urban settlement continued existing. The arguments are the living rooms and the graves in former churches and cemeteries that survived in some areas of the ancient city. However, the size of the city and the number of townsfolk drastically decreased, and life did not revive in some areas (the north-eastern, northern, and partially western). In the first half of the fourteenth century, Cherson did active commerce, as it comes from the finds of imported pottery and Golden Horde coins. In the middle and the second half of the fourteenth century, material culture of the local population showed a relatively high material level: the archaeological layers contained the pottery imported from Byzantine, Italian, and Golden Horde centres, and the excavations of the graves uncovered fragments of expansive textiles embroidered with silver and gold. All these circumstances allow the one to interpret the late-thirteenth and fourteenth century Cherson as a small port town included into the Genoese trade system in the Crimea.В статье анализируются археологические находки, относящиеся к последней четверти XIII – XIV в., которые проливают свет на историю позднесредневекового Херсонеса (Херсона). После катастрофы, которую Херсон пережил в третьей четверти XIII в., городское поселение продолжало функционировать. Об этом свидетельствуют сохранившиеся в некоторых районах городища жилые помещения и захоронения в пределах бывших храмов и некрополей. Однако размеры города и численность его населения заметно сократились, жизнь в некоторых районах (северо-восточном, северном и отчасти западном) не возродилась. Жилые постройки и храмовые сооружения фиксируются в портовой, юго-восточной, центральной и юго-западной части городища. В первой половине XIV в. в Херсоне активно велась торговля, о чем свидетельствуют находки фрагментов импортной керамики и золотоордынских монет. Материальная культура местного населения в середине – второй половине XIV в. была на достаточно высоком уровне – в археологических слоях присутствует привозная керамика из византийских, испанских, итальянских и золотоордынских центров, в захоронениях обнаружены фрагменты дорогих тканей с серебряным и золотым шитьем. Все это позволяет говорить о том, что Херсон в конце XIII – XIV вв. являлся небольшим портовым городом, включенным в систему генуэзской торговли в Крыму
«Византийский миф» в историографии домонгольской Руси
Get PDFThis article analyses the scholarly works of historians and art historians written from the mid-twentieth to the early-twenty-first century, discussing the Rus’ian-Byzantine contacts from the eleventh to thirteenth century. The author of this article highlights that addressing Byzantine history allows the researchers to interpret Rus’ as a state with the culture developing in parallel with the Byzantine, being in no way inferior to it. However, some of the researchers’ ideas are based on erroneous interpretations of chronicle’s accounts or are purely hypothetical, as they do not find any support in archaeological or written sources. Moreover, sometimes the researchers show a lack of knowledge on the history of Byzantium. This article also discusses the most common historiographical errors. Finally, it has been noted that in the works published of recent decades supply not always successful attempts to reconstruct the cultural contacts of Rus’ (primarily, of the cities of Vladimir and Novgorod) with Byzantium and Western Europe under Vsevolod the Great Nest, as well as under the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos.В статье анализируются научные труды историков и искусствоведов, написанные в середине XX – начале XXI в., в которых речь идет о русско-византийских контактах в XI–XIII вв. Автор статьи отмечает, что обращение к истории Византии позволяет исследователям создать представление о Древней Руси как о государстве, чья культура развивались параллельно византийской, ни в чем ей не уступая. Однако часть высказанных исследователями утверждений строится на ошибочных трактовках летописных сведений или носит откровенно гипотетический характер, поскольку не подкрепляется археологическими и письменными источниками. Кроме того, исследователи порой демонстрируют недостаточное знание ими истории Византии. В статье рассматриваются наиболее часто встречающиеся историографические ошибки. Отмечается также, что в работах последних десятилетий предприняты не всегда удачные попытки реконструировать культурные контакты Руси (прежде всего, Владимира и Новгорода Великого) c Византией и Западной Европой в княжение Всеволода Большое Гнездо, а также в правление византийского императора Мануила I Комнина
МЯГКИЙ ФИТНЕС КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАНЯТИЙ СО СТУДЕНТАМИ ВЫСШИХ УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЙ
No full textModern trends, consisting in the digitalization of all spheres of life, optimization of hours for physical education in higher educational institutions lead to a decrease in the motor activity of students, as a result there is a need to select such motor activity programs that would correspond to the capabilities of students. The purpose of the study: to substantiate the feasibility of using soft fitness tools in classes with students of higher educational universities. Materials and methods. The study involved students of Kaluga State University named after K. E. Tsiolkovsky, which study take course of "soft fitness" and "aerobics" in the 2020/2021 academic year. Each group consisted of 30 people. At the beginning and at the end of the academic year, students passed control standards, and they were also asked to fill out the Adaptability questionnaire (MLO-AM). Key results. The introduction of soft fitness tools into classes allows to increase the indicators of adaptive potential (13,84 %, p 0.05), neuropsychic stability (18,24 %, p 0.05), improve communication skills, physical and functional preparedness, as evidenced by the indicators of control standards and the functional tests conducted. Conclusions. The conducted review of literary sources, as well as our own research, allows to conclude that soft fitness exercises are quite effective and allow us to improve both physical fitness and functional preparedness, in addition, they have a significant psychoregulatory effect, which allows to normalize the emotional background and reduce stress level. The information obtained makes soft fitness a promising field for research not only in higher education, but also in other areas of activity.Аннотация. Введение. Современные тенденции, заключающиеся в цифровизации всех сфер жизни, оптимизации часов по физической культуре в высших учебных заведениях приводят к снижению двигательной активности учащейся молодёжи, в результате чего возникает необходимость подбора таких программ двигательной активности, которые соответствовали бы возможностям студентов. Цель исследования: обосновать целесообразность применения средств мягкого фитнеса на занятиях со студентами высших учебных заведений. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие студенты Калужского государственного университета им. К. Э. Циолковского, занимающиеся на отделении «мягкий фитнес» и «аэробика» в 2020/2021 учебном году. Численность каждой группы составила 30 человек. В начале и в конце учебного года студенты сдавали контрольные нормативы, а также им было предложено заполнить опросник «Адаптивность» (МЛО-АМ). Основные результаты. Внедрение средств мягкого фитнеса в занятия позволяют увеличить показатели адаптационного потенциала (13,84 %, p 0,05) и нервно-психической устойчивости (18,24 %, p 0,05), улучшить коммуникативные способности, физическую и функциональную подготовленность, о чём свидетельствуют показатели контрольных нормативов и проведённые функциональные пробы. Выводы. Проведённый обзор литературных источников, а также собственные исследования позволяют нам сделать вывод о том, что упражнения мягкого фитнеса достаточно эффективны и позволяют улучшить как физические кондиции, так и функциональную подготовленность, кроме того, они оказывают значительный психорегулирующий эффект, что позволяет нормализовать эмоциональный фон и снизить уровень стресса. Полученная информация делает мягкий фитнес перспективным полем для исследования не только в высшем образовании, но и в других сферах деятельности
Современное состояние и перспективы лингвистических исследований энергетического дискурса: опыт Китая
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the currently emerging tradition of studying energy discourse in China. This direction of scientific research in China is at the initial stage of development. This direction consolidates linguistic research into three main types: research system construction, critical discourse analysis (CDA), and critical metaphor analysis (CMA); with corpus-based critical discourse analysis (CACDA) occupying a dominant position. Non-linguistic studies are mainly devoted to the issues of energy policy, energy security, positioning of countries in the international energy arena, and construction of national image in the global energy sector. The study of energy discourse is a theoretically and practically valuable scientific direction with great prospects for development.Статья посвящена формирующейся в настоящее время традиции изучения энер- гетического дискурса в Китае. Это направление научных исследований в Китае находится на начальной стадии развития. В рамках данного направления лингвистические исследова- ния консолидируются в три основных типа: построение исследовательской системы, кри- тический дискурс- анализ (CDA) и критический анализ метафор (CMA); при этом крити- ческий дискурс-а нализ на основе корпуса (CACDA) занимает доминирующее положение. Исследования нелингвистического характера посвящены преимущественно вопросам энер- гетической политики, энергетической безопасности, позиционирования стран на междуна- родной энергетической арене, конструирования национального имиджа в мировой энерге- тике. Изучение энергетического дискурса представляет собой теоретически и практически ценное научное направление, имеющее большие перспективы развития
Modified bipolar membrane for electrodialysis processing of highly concentrated sodium nitrate and boric acid solution
No full textWe studied the characteristics of two membranes: the industrial bipolar membrane MB-3, consisting of two layers, i.e., an anion exchanger with quaternary ammonium groups and a cation exchanger with phosphonate groups, and the membrane MB-3M, modified on the cation exchange side with a 100 μm thick layer of perfluorosulfonic acid. The analysis of the selectivity of the initial and modified membranes in a wide range of current densities (0.25–4 A/dm2) showed that the application of a perfluorosulfonic acid layer leads to a decrease in the transport of nitrate anions by 18–40 times, depending on the current density, compared to the initial industrial membrane MB-3. Experiments on electrodialysis processing of a mixed 0.5 M NaNO3 and 0.75 M H3BO3 solution showed that the use of a bipolar membrane modified with a perfluorosulfonic acid, at a sodium nitrate processing degree of 75%, allows obtaining a 1.01 M NaOH solution with a low impurity content (0.08 M sodium nitrate and 0.09 M boric acid) and 1.17 M HNO3 (sodium nitrate content 0.09 M, boric acid 0.09 M). When using the initial MB-3 membrane under the same conditions, 0.77 M NaOH with a high content of impurities (0.25 M sodium nitrate and 0.08 M boric acid) and 1.03 M HNO3 (containing 0.09 M sodium nitrate and 0.09 M boric acid) are obtained. The energy consumption for processing is comparable to that for the initial bipolar membrane MB-3 and amounts to 0.15 kW·h/mol
Impact of calcium and copper co-doping on the oxygen transport of layered nickelates: a case study of Pr1.6Ca0.4Ni1–yCuyO4+δ and a comparative analysis
No full textThis study aims at investigating oxygen content and diffusion in the Pr1.6Ca0.4Ni1‑yCuyO4+δ (y = 0.0–0.4) series. Single-phased materials were obtained via nitrate combustion using glycerol as a fuel. The materials exhibit an orthorhombic structure, which correlates well with the absolute oxygen content in the samples in the range of 4.15–3.97. The oxygen mobility in the samples was investigated by a temperature-programmed isotope exchange of oxygen (TPIE) with C18O2 in a flow reactor. The obtained curves, comprising few extrema, were fitted using a mathematical model that includes two or three distinct oxygen forms, each characterized by a specific diffusion coefficient value. The oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient values and the contribution of fast oxygen forms tend to decrease with increasing Cu content (except for Pr1.6Ca0.4Ni0.8Cu0.2O4+δ), which can be explained by the variation of highly mobile interstitial oxygen content since the effective activation energy values remains the same within the calculation error. Comparative analysis shows that this behavior is similar to the trends observed and discussed for Ca- and Cu-doped La and Nd nickelates. Nevertheless, the highest D* value for Ofast was demonstrated for the Pr1.6Ca0.4Ni0.8Cu0.2O4+δ sample (9.4·10–8 cm2/s at 700 °C), which correlates well with superior electrochemical properties of the electrodes on its basis
Effect of dissolved oxygen on the efficiency of the electro-Fenton process on Fe2O3/graphite perforated tubular electrode
No full textElectrodes based on carbon materials modified with iron oxides or metallic iron have attracted much attention in the field of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for the removal of various organic pollutants. In this study, perforated tubular graphite electrode modified with Fe2O3 (Fe2O3/GT) by electrochemical deposition was used as a cathode material. The obtained electrode was characterized by electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The oxidation of rhodamine B in the electro-Fenton process by bubbling air through the perforated tubular graphite cathode at different air pressures was investigated. The complete decolorization of the rhodamine B solution was achieved in 20 min of electrolysis using Fe2O3/GT as a cathode at a current density of 29.85 mA/cm2 and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The use of higher pressure leads to complications in the equipment design of the electro-Fenton process. Carrying out the electro-Fenton process at a pressure of 0.6 MPa leads to a decrease in the energy consumption by 0.07 kW×h/mg. A possible mechanism for the oxidation of rhodamine B by bubbling air through the perforated tubular graphite cathode modified with Fe2O3 was proposed
Modification of bacterial cellulose using silk fibroin β-sheet crystals induced by ultrasonication
Get PDFSilk fibroin (SF) has been continuously explored as a biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, tunability, and self-healing properties. In this work, we present a novel approach to the modification of bacterial cellulose (BC) with SF β-sheet dominant structures induced via ultrasonication. Secondary structure analysis through infrared spectroscopy, thioflavin T assay, and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry revealed a conversion of silk I to silk II structures within the protein mixture. Cold field emission scanning electron microscope images revealed the tightly packed fibers coated with the protein. Thermogravimetric curves demonstrated higher resistance to temperature degradation supplemented by broader and flatter DSC curves attributed to the highly bonded and dense composite. Successful conversion of amide I to amide II and amide III allowed for the more stable β-crystals to contribute to a more thermodynamically stable double-network hydrogel. The conversion of silk I to silk II structures offers a viable and highly biocompatible material that is both thermodynamically and biochemically stable for various potential biomedical applications
Evaluating the Financial Efficiency of the Healthcare System: A Three-Stage DEA Model Analysis
Get PDFRelevance. Public health effectiveness is crucial for population health, especially in the face of global challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of operating costs in the health care system across various regions of Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2021. Existing methods for assessing healthcare effectiveness often overlook the system's complexity, which turns DEA into a valuable tool to identify inequalities in healthcare availability and quality.Research objective. This study aims to employ the DEA model to measure the efficiency of operating costs in the health care system across regions of Kazakhstan in 2017-2021.Data and methods. The DEA model was chosen for its ability to analyze the efficiency of operating costs. Data were collected from the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Results. Our findings indicate the need for increased healthcare financing in specific regions, emphasizing the importance of transparent spending. The study concludes that the DEA model can regularly assess health financing, ensuring resources are directed where most needed. The novelty lies in establishing a link between financing and health outcomes.Conclusions. The study's results and methodology can be used by public health authorities in assessing operating costs' effectiveness, allocating resources judiciously, and making informed decisions to enhance the healthcare system
Synthesis and evaluation of MMT/TiO2 nanotube photocatalysts for enhanced degradation of organic dyes in wastewater
Get PDFThis study aims to synthesize a nanocomposite photocatalyst from naturally sourced clay (montmorillonite, MMT) and titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) to efficiently degrade organic dyes in wastewater under UVC light. The TNTs were synthesized through the hydrothermal method and were randomly attached to both the surface and interlayer spaces of the MMT sheets. Pristine MMT was found to exhibit good adsorption properties, while the TNTs demonstrated strong photocatalytic activity. The combination of these materials in the MMT/TNT nanocomposite resulted in a material that exhibited both adsorption and photocatalytic properties. The dye degradation efficiency of the MMT/TNT nanocomposite reached 95%, which is significantly higher than that of pristine MMT (50%) and TNTs alone (60%). This enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the adsorption capacity of MMT and the photocatalytic activity of TNTs. The study highlights the potential of using naturally sourced materials like MMT in the development of advanced photocatalysts for environmental remediation. The MMT/TNT nanocomposite offers a sustainable and efficient solution for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. These findings provide a pathway for further development of high-performance nanocomposites that combine the dual functional properties of adsorption and photocatalysis, contributing to more efficient wastewater treatment technologies