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Петергоф на закате эпохи: императорская гранильная фабрика под художественным руководством Е. Е. Лансере (1911–1915)
Full text linkThis article explores an uncharted aspect of Russian stonecutting art history: the experience of inviting Yevgeny Yevgenyevich Lanceray to serve as artistic director of the imperial lapidary factories. A representative of an extensive family whose influence on the development of Russian art is beyond doubt, this brilliant graphic artist and decorator introduced several innovations to the organization of the artistic process. The objective of this publication is to analyse this process. Drawing from documents in the archive of the imperial Peterhof Lapidary Factory that have not previously been introduced into scholarly circulation, this study explores the practice of delegating design work to leading masters, considering the profile of their main activity as introduced by Lanceray. Thus, leading animal sculptors were engaged to create objects and their details featuring images of animals, while renowned architects and decorators with extensive experience in designing the interiors of mansions and residences were involved in developing a range of interior vases. Furthermore, the uncovered archival material enables us to contemplate the stylistic explorations of the late Art Nouveau era, a resurgence of interest in the national style, and a reversion to neoclassical forms. The meticulous review of the documents allowed for the identification and reattribution of works that had become detached from their original place of creation and their respective authors during their history. This publication fulfils several objectives: it enhances understanding of Lanceray’s creative activity and work as a guest artist at the imperial manufactories, sheds new light on the artistic side of the Peterhof Lapidary Factory during the period before World War I, which has been virtually unexplored previously. The author also makes new attributions for works of stone-cutting art from museum and private collections.Статья посвящена практически не изученному явлению в истории отечественного камнерезного искусства — опыту привлечения в качестве художественного руководителя императорских гранильных фабрик Евгения Евгеньевича Лансере. Представитель разветвленной семьи, влияние которой на развитие русского искусства не подлежит сомнению, блестящий график и художник-декоратор принес в организацию художественного процесса целый ряд новшеств, анализ которых является целью настоящей публикации. На основе ранее не включенных в научный оборот документов из архива императорской Петергофской гранильной фабрики рассматривается введенная Лансере практика делегирования проектной работы ведущим мастерам с учетом профиля их основной деятельности. Так, к исполнению предметов и их деталей, включающих изображения животных, были привлечены ведущие скульпторы анималисты, к разработке модельного ряда интерьерных ваз — крупные архитекторы и декораторы с большим опытом работы над оформлением внутреннего пространства особняков и резиденций. Также выявленный архивный материал позволяет рассмотреть стилевые поиски эпохи позднего модерна, новый виток интереса к национальному стилю, обращение к неоклассицистическим формам. Благодаря изученным документам удалось выявить и заново атрибутировать целый ряд произведений, утративших за время бытования связь с местом создания, потерявших авторскую идентификацию. Таким образом, настоящая публикация решает ряд разноплановых задач: расширяет представление о творческой деятельности Е. Е. Лансере и его работе в качестве приглашенного художника императорских мануфактур, углубляет понимание художественного аспекта деятельности Петергофской гранильной фабрики в практически неизученный период кануна Первой мировой войны, вводит новые атрибуции для памятников камнерезного искусства из музейных собраний и частных коллекций
Voltammetric determination of sodium 5-(7-amino-3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)tetrazol-2-ide as a promising antitumor molecule
No full textThe electrochemical behavior of sodium 5-(7-amino-3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)tetrazol-2-ide (compound 1) as a promising inhibitor of casein ki-nase 2, a novel target in anticancer therapy, was investigated for the first time. Compound 1 undergoes irreversible electrooxidation on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in aqueous media, producing two poorly resolved peaks caused by amino group oxidation. The first oxidation step, involving a two-electron transfer, is diffu-sion-controlled and complicated by a preceding chemical reaction. The peak current of the first oxidation step of the amino group of compound 1 in the potential range 0.0–1.25 V was used as the response. The influence of voltammetric mode, electro-lyte pH, potential scan rate, accumulation time and potential on the oxidation peak current of compound 1 was studied. A method of compound 1 quantification by di-rect differential pulse voltammetry was developed. The peak current obtained in 0.1 M KCl was linearly related to the compound 1 concentration in the range of 0–160 mg/L with the determination coefficient of 0.999. The method provided a detection limit of 1.9 mg/L and recovery close to 100%
СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ШАХМАТИСТОВ-ПОДРОСТКОВ КАК ОПРЕДЕЛЯЮЩИЙ ФАКТОР РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ДЕФИЦИТА ВРЕМЕНИ В ШАХМАТНЫХ ПАРТИЯХ
No full textThe article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at determining the interdependence between the performance of adolescent chess players and the determining psychological factor of stress tolerance under time pressure in chess games. The purpose of the study: to identify correlations between the level of stress tolerance and the dynamics of performance of adolescent chess players in time trouble. Research methods: Theoretical methods – methods of systemic approach, analysis of domestic and foreign literature, study of modern scientific research, generalization of the problem of stress tolerance based on the experience of domestic and foreign sports psychologists. Empirical methods: questionnaire survey, psychodiagnostic testing, confirmatory experiment. Sample: training groups of sports specialization (TSS-1) of the Municipal Budgetary Institution of Additional Education “Sports School No. 15 in Chess” in Nizhny Novgorod. The study involved 30 athletes of the sport “Chess” aged 12-14 years, with 2nd and 3rd youth categories. Results: It was found that a high level of stress tolerance has a positive effect on the psychological state and performance of athletes in competitive activities. Success in sports is the readiness of athletes to maintain internal balance and high performance in overcoming adverse, stressogenic factors. A correlation was established between the level of performance under time pressure in competitive activity and the determining factor of stress tolerance in adolescent athletes, which declares competitiveness in chess games and emotional stability. In addition, the specifics of stress tolerance in the current state of time deficit were identified. Aspects of stress tolerance that contribute to the development of sports psychology are considered. The results of the study are important for solving problems related to preserving the psycho-emotional health of adolescents, improving the skills and performance of young athletes in training and competitive activities.Keyword: stress, stress resistance, adolescent chess players, time pressure phenomenon, psycho-emotional state, psychological factorsВ статье приводятся результаты проведенного эмпирического исследования, которое направлено на определения взаимозависимости результативности шахматистов-подростков и определяющего психологического фактора стрессоустойчивости в условиях дефицита времени в шахматных партиях. Установлено, что высокий уровень стрессоустойчивости благоприятно влияет на психологическое состояние и результативность спортсменов в соревновательной деятельности. Успех в спорте - готовность спортсменов к сохранению внутреннего баланса и высокой работоспособности в преодолении неблагоприятных, стрессогенных факторов. Установлена корреляционная зависимость уровня результативности в условиях дефицита времени в соревновательной деятельности от определяющего фактора стрессоустойчивости спортсменов-подростков, декларирующего конкурентоспособность в шахматных партиях и эмоциональную устойчивость. Кроме того, выявлена специфика стрессоустойчивости в текущем состоянии дефицита времени. Рассмотрены аспекты стрессоустойчивости, что способствует развитию спортивной психологии. Ключевые слова: стресс, стрессоустойчивость, шахматисты-подростки, явление цейтнота, психоэмоциональное состояние, психологические факторы
Effect of Li2O–В2O3–SiO2 glass on conductivity, microstructure, and stability of Li2ZrO3 solid electrolyte
No full text(100–x) Li2ZrO3–x 65Li2O · 27B2O3 · 8SiO2 (x = 1–8 wt. %) composites have been prepared. Relative density of the composites is shown to be higher than that of the sintered Li2ZrO3. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, the formation of an impurity phase is observed at x of 8 wt. %, while other samples demonstrate peaks corresponding to monoclinic Li2ZrO3. Conductivity studies reveal that the application of the lithium borosilicate glass as sintering additives increases the total conductivity from ~ 10–7 to ~ 10–5 S · cm–1. The Li | 94Li2ZrO3–6LBS|Li electrochemical cell has been tested for the stability against molten lithium at 250 °C for 336 h and superior stability of the composite has been proven. Based on the obtained results, the 94Li2ZrO3–6LBS composite can be recommended for application in lithium batteries
Electrical properties of Sc-doped CaZrO3 solid electrolytes
No full textThe electrical conductivity of the solid electrolytes CaZr1–xScxO3–δ (x = 0.03 and 0.08) was investigated as a function of temperature in a humid air atmosphere. The total electrical conductivity was separated into bulk and grain boundary conductivity. The bulk conductivity for CaZr0.97Sc0.03O3–δ was found to be higher than that for CaZr0.92Sc0.08O3–δ. Using the oxygen partial pressure dependencies of electrical conductivity, the electron hole and ionic contributions to the total conductivity were distinguished. The oxides were found to be mixed ionic-electron hole conductors in air atmosphere and purely ionic conductors under reductive conditions. Transport numbers for ions and electron holes were calculated. At temperatures below 600 °C, the oxides are expected to behave as nearly pure ionic conductors under air conditions. Although the ionic conductivities for the oxides are comparable, the ionic transport numbers for CaZr0.97Sc0.03O3–δ were found to be higher than those for CaZr0.92Sc0.08O3–δ
К некоторым аспектам репрезентации ислама и мусульман Алжира в колониальный период Франции
Full text linkThe paper, based on a talk delivered at the Second International Conference “Routes and Countries: Civilizations of the East in Historical Dynamics”, highlights several aspects of the representation of Muslims in Algeria and the Islamic religion during the period of French colonial expansion and after its annexation to the French metropolis. Missionaries and colonial administrators, as well as photographers and illustrators, participated in the construction of the image of Arab Muslims and the “Imaginary Algeria”. A large volume of printed materials (magazine illustrations, caricatures, photographs, posters, postcards), although diverse, followed the same goals of propaganda of the colonial project.В статье, написанной на основании доклада, прочитанного на Второй Международной конференции «Пути и страны: цивилизации Востока в исторической динамике», автором освещается несколько аспектов репрезентации мусульман Алжира и исламской религии в период колониальной экспансии Франции и после его присоединения к французской метрополии. В конструировании образа арабов-мусульман и «Воображаемого Алжира» участвовали миссионеры и колониальные администраторы, а также фотографы и иллюстраторы. Большой объем печатной продукции (иллюстрации в журналах, карикатуры, фотографии, плакаты, почтовые открытки) хотя и отличался разнообразием, но следовал одним и тем же целям пропаганды колониального проекта
СССР и Королевство Саудовская Аравия в 1930-е гг.
Full text linkThis article forms part of the first comprehensive scholarly inquiry in Russian academic literature into the activities of Soviet diplomats in the Hijaz and, subsequently, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the 1920s and 1930s – spanning the period from the establishment of formal diplomatic relations to the closure of the Soviet mission. A wide range of documents from Russian and British archives was used, most of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article offers new insights into the internal debates within Soviet state and party institutions concerning the objectives, priorities, and strategic vision of the USSR’s policy in the Arabian Peninsula. Particular attention is devoted to Soviet efforts to counter British influence in the region, viewed by Moscow as fundamentally antagonistic. The article further analyzes the evolving policy of the Saudi monarchy toward the Soviet Union, shedding light on the competing factions within the royal court and their divergent approaches to relations with the USSR.Статья представляет собой часть первого в отечественной научной литературе фундаментального исследования деятельности российских дипломатов в Хиджазе / Саудовской Аравии в 1920-е – 1930-е гг. – со времени установления официальных отношений и до закрытия советского дипломатического представительства. Использован широкий круг документов из российских и британских архивов, большая часть которых впервые вводится в научный оборот. Раскрывается роль разногласий между различными ведомствами и некоторыми ключевыми представителями высшего партийно-государственного руководства СССР в отношении целей, задач и приоритетов его внешней политики на аравийском направлении. Уделено особое внимание противодействию враждебной Советскому Союзу деятельности Великобритании. Подробно анализируется эволюция политики Саудовского королевства в отношении Советского Союза, противоборство различных группировок в окружении короля
Comprehensive study of the possible electrotransformations of the sodium salt of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-7-methylthio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide monohydrate as potential antiviral drug
No full textThe electrochemical transformation of nitroheterocyclic compounds plays a critical role in understanding their biological activity. Despite structural similarities among nitrotriazolotriazines, their electroreduction mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This study focuses on the sodium salt of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-7-methylthio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide monohydrate (TZV-OH), a structural analogue of the antiviral drug Triazavirin® (Riamilovir) – sodium salt of 3-nitro-4-oxo-7-methylthio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide dihydrate (TZV), and aims to investigate how structural differences affect the redox behavior of nitrotriazolotriazines. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, including cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and preparative electrolysis with LC-HRMS analysis, we examined the electroreduction mechanism in both aqueous and aprotic media. Our findings reveal that TZV-OH undergoes a single-wave, diffusion-controlled, four-electron irreversible reduction of the nitro group, whereas TZV is reduced in two steps, complicated by a preceding chemical reaction. EPR spectroscopy confirms a higher concentration of radical intermediates for TZV-OH, supported by experiments with the DMPO spin trap and quantum chemical modeling. Mass spectrometry identified hydroxylamines, amines, and dimeric products as the primary products of the reduction process of TZV-OH. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the formation of radical intermediates is thermodynamically more favorable for TZV-OH than for TZV, facilitating radical generation. These structural and mechanistic insights highlight the potential of TZV-OH as a superior antiviral agent. The integrated methodology outlined here serves as a predictive tool for assessing the pharmacological potential of nitrotriazolotriazines
Visualizing complexity: Infographic materials as complementary tools for data-rich articles
No full textIn the natural sciences, scientific communication has traditionally relied on standard graphical formats, such as Scatter plots, bar charts, and 3D surface models as examples. While these formats are highly effective for conveying quantitative relationships, they often fall short when it comes to visualizing complex, multidimensional data interactions, collaborative networks, or the underlying distribution of variables. This limits the analytical narrative, as it becomes difficult to illustrate deeper contextual and relational insights. To address this issue, Chimica Technica Acta promotes the strategic use of supplementary infographics and is introducing a suite of tools to assist our authors. This editorial introduces three new web applications developed by the journal. The Word Cloud Generator transforms textual frequency data into visual overviews; the World Frequency Map creates heat maps and chord diagrams to display geographical distributions and international collaboration networks; the Data Visualization Tool with Marginal Distributions produces composite figures that reveal central trends alongside the probability density of each axis. These tools are designed to be user-friendly, allowing researchers to create publication-ready figures that enhance explanatory depth without requiring advanced programming skills. Integrating such visuals allows manuscripts to achieve greater clarity and narrative power, enabling graphics to function as integral components of scientific storytelling insted of traditional data reports. These tools support the journal's mission to promote precise, insightful, and accessible communication in the fields of chemistry and technology
Comparative study of medium-pore zeolites (ZSM-5, ZSM-23, ZSM-48) and SAPO-11 in the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane
No full textThe high selectivity of bifunctional catalysts in the hydroisomerization of long-chain n-paraffins is a key factor for producing high-quality fuels. However, it is directly dependent on a complex balance between the topology, acidity, morphology, and crystal size of the zeolite support. To address this challenge, this work presents a comparative study of medium-pore molecular sieves (ZSM-5, ZSM-23, ZSM-48, and SAPO-11) with different structural and acidic properties. The physicochemical characteristics of the materials were investigated using a set of analytical techniques, including XRD, SEM, low-temperature N2 adsorption, and NH3-TPD. It was shown that the pore topology (3D in ZSM-5 vs. 1D in the others), chemical composition, and crystal morphology (ranging from ~50 nm nanoprisms for ZSM-48 to 200–300 nm needles for ZSM-23-80 and 1 μm needles for ZSM-23-100) determine both the textural properties and the strength and concentration of acid sites. In the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane, the Pt/ZSM-5 catalyst, with its high concentration of strong acid sites and 3D channel pore structure, exhibited the highest activity but an extremely low isomer selectivity (7%) due to intense cracking. The best results were demonstrated by the Pt/SAPO-11 and Pt/ZSM-48 samples, which provided isomer yields of 80% and 73%, respectively. Their high efficiency is attributed to the combination of a one-dimensional pore structure, moderate acidity, and nanocrystalline size, which minimizes diffusion limitations and suppresses side reactions. Thus, controlling the topology and acidity in combination with nanocrystalline morphology is an effective strategy for the rational design of highly selective hydroisomerization catalysts.