University of Niš: Facta Universitatis (E-Journals) / Универзитет у Нишу
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PROJECTIVE TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN THE INFINITE SERIES (α, β)-METRIC AND THE KROPINA METRIC
Get PDFIn this paper, we investigate the projective transformation properties between the infinite series (α; β)-metric and the Kropina metric in an n-dimensional Finsler manifold. Acknowledging the projective invariance of the Douglas tensor in Finsler spaces, we establish a relationship between the Douglas tensor and the Douglas metric for both metrics. This relationship enhances our understanding of the interaction between these metrics in the context of projective transformations. Furthermore, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the two metrics to be projectively related in an n-dimensional Finsler manifold
ON 4-DIMENSIONAL LANDSBERG MANIFOLDS
Get PDFIn this paper, we are going to study the Landsberg curvature of 4-dimensional Finsler manifolds. First, we characterize 4-dimensional Landsberg manifolds. Then, we study the mean Landsberg curvature of 4-dimensional Finsler manifolds and give the necessary and sufficient condition under which these manifolds are weakly Landsberg. Finally, by using the obtained results, we find the necessary and sufficient condition under which a 4-dimensional Finsler manifold is a Landsberg manifold
p(.)-ELLIPTIC INCLUSION PROBLEM WITH NATURAL GROWTH TERM AND FOURIER TYPE BOUNBARY CONDITION
Get PDFIn this paper we discuss the existence of renormalized and entropy solutions of nonliear elliptic problems governed by the general p(.)-Leray-Lions type operator with a natural growth term subject to L1 data in the interior of the domain and Fourier type condition on the boundary. We first introduce a sequence of approximated problems by regularizing the data via truncation and Yosida’s method. Then, using the technique of maximal monotone operator in Banach spaces, we prove that the approximated problem is well-posed in term of weak solution. Finally, we pass to the limit and prove that the sequence of approximated solution converges to the entropy or renormalized solutions of the initial given proble
DESIGN OF LOW POWER CURRENT STARVED RING OSCILLATORS USING MODIFIED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Get PDFRing oscillators (RO) are widely used for clock generation in RF applications. Design of RO is a very tedious process for RF IC designers using traditional methods like hand calculation or by simulator assistance. Traditional evolutionary optimization techniques, such as Particle swarm optimization (PSO) can be utilized for the design of the ROs. However, it shows limitations in convergence and stagnation. In this work to overcome these problems, PSO with Constriction Factor and Inertia Weight Approach (PSO-CFIWA) is applied to design a Current-starved Ring oscillator (CSRO). The optimum size of the CSRO transistors is obtained from PSO-CFIWA and designed in Cadence spectre using GPDK 90nm technology. The objective of the CSRO design is to have a 2 GHz oscillation frequency with optimized phase noise, power consumption, and figure of merit (FOM). The designed CSRO shows a 1.99963 GHz oscillation frequency, 348.48 µW power dissipation, –86.67 dBc/Hz phase noise, and FOM of – 157.25. The simulation results establish the effectiveness of PSO-CFIWA with its counterparts in RO design
SIGNED MULTIPLICATION ARCHITECTURE USING VEDIC URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM ALGORITHM
Get PDFThis paper introduces a novel architecture for signed multiplication, representing a significant advancement in VLSI design for high-end computation. We have implemented signed number multiplier numbers using the Urdhva Tiryagbhyam (UT) algorithm. The purpose of the proposed architecture is to overcome the limitations of previous approaches, through the integration of Virtex-7 and Spartan-7 hardware, in addition to improving power and delay performance. As a result of using vertical and crosswise techniques, the proposed parallel multiplication scheme for signed numbers is implemented in this paper. We have synthesized and simulated this structure using Vivado 2020.1 software and Virtex-7 and Spartan-7 FPGA devices for low-power VLSI computational applications, such as checking the speed and delay of the design post-layout. A comparison is made between the proposed design and existing architectures in terms of area, delay, and power consumption. According to the results, the proposed architecture improves speed by 40% over prior architectures. For faster computing applications, a high-speed proposed multiplier will be useful for complex design architecture. The work contributes significantly to the improvement of high-performance computing and digital signal processing
REAL-TIME MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL VIBRATIONS USING ADVANCED FBG SENSOR NETWORKS
Get PDFThis paper explores the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems, emphasizing their role in sustainable urban development. The proposed system integrates a network of FBG sensors to enable real-time monitoring of structural vibrations, ensuring early detection of potential failures. Compared to conventional monitoring systems, our approach provides improved accuracy, enhanced durability, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Additionally, the system allows for precise measurements of fiber deformation and sensor displacement in response to external conditions such as strain and environmental factors. A comparative analysis, based on literature benchmarks, demonstrates that the proposed FBG-based approach offers superior sensitivity, higher scalability, and more efficient data acquisition. Key performance metrics such as response time, strain sensitivity, and measurement precision highlight its advantages over traditional SHM techniques. These features make FBG sensors an optimal solution for monitoring infrastructure such as bridges, buildings, and railway networks, thereby contributing to the sustainability and longevity of urban structures
PRIVREMENE MERE U PRAKSI EVROPSKOG SUDA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA SA SPECIJALNIM OSVRTOM NA POLOŽAJ MIGRANATA
No full textThe phrase "we are all migrants", which is often used to highlight the universal human experience of migration and the search for a better life, encapsulates the full scope of the migrant issue. While seemingly simple, it underscores the complexity of the legal challenges surrounding migrant-related issues. The term "migrants", as defined by the International Organization for Migration, encompasses a wide range of legal issues. The protection they require is often urgent, aimed at safeguarding their fundamental rights. Consequently, it is not surprising that a significant number of interim measures issued by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) concern the protection of migrants. This paper critically analyzes the procedure for issuing interim measures before the ECtHR, with specific reference to those issued against the Republic of Serbia in cases involving migrants. Prior to discussing the rules and practices of the ECtHR, the paper will provide an overview of the legal procedure in Serbia concerning the issuance of interim measures, followed by an analysis of Article 39 of the Court Rules of Procedure. Finally, the paper will address the consequences of failing to comply with the ECtHR orders on interim measures, highlighting critical points raised in previous cases.Fraza „svi smo mi migranti“, koja se često koristi da istakne univerzalnost ljudskih migracija i potragu za boljim životom, pokazuje, zapravo, pun obim pitanja migranata. Iako naizgled jednostavna, ona naglašava složenost pravnih izazova koji okružuju migrante. Termin „migranti“, kako ga definiše Međunarodna organizacija za migracije, obuhvata širok spektar pravnih pitanja, a zaštita koja im je potrebna je često hitna, usmerena na zaštitu njihovih osnovnih prava. Shodno tome, nije iznenađujuće što se značajan broj privremenih mera koje je izdao Evropski sud za ljudska prava (ESLJP) odnosi na zaštitu migranata. Ovaj rad kritički analizira postupak za izdavanje privremenih mera pred ESLJP, sa posebnim fokusom na one koje su izdate protiv Republike Srbije u slučajevima koji uključuju migrante. Pre nego što se razmotre pravila i praksa ESLJP, rad će pružiti pregled postupka obezbeđenja u Srbiji, posebno postupka za izdavanje privremenih mera, a zatim će biti analizirana pravila iz člana 39. Poslovnika ESLJP. Konačno, rad će se baviti posledicama nepoštovanja naloga Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u vezi sa privremenim merama, ističući kritične tačke dosadašnjih slučajeva
STIGMA BESKUĆNIŠTVA – POJMOVNE METAFORE O BESKUĆNICIMA U DISKURSU INTERNET FORUMA
No full textAgainst the background of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) introduced by Charteris-Black (2004), this paper illustrates the ways in which the concept of the homeless is harmfully stigmatized by being conceptualized in terms of the derogatory source domains which include parasites, wild/stray animals and trash. In contrast to the evaluatively neutral safety net metaphor (Lakoff 1995) which dominates the official discourse on homelessness, the conceptual metaphors identified in this paper rely on the discourse of internet forums which encourage discussions on the various topics of homelessness but rarely sanction the comments of participants which are disrespectful or offensive. If we take into account the context in which such comments are created, the individual source domains which constitute conceptual metaphors employed in the conceptualization of the homeless in this discourse do not seem to be a random choice because they are intentionally used to highlight specific negative characteristics of homeless people and illustrate the persuasive role of metaphors (Charteris-Black 2004) in strengthening the negative attitudes and beliefs shared by the members of a certain discourse community. Pod okriljem teorije pojmovnih metafora koju predlažu Lejkof i Džonson (1980) i teorije kritičke analize metafora koju osniva Čarteris-Blek (2004), ovaj rad prikazuje načine posredstvom kojih se pojam beskućnika grubo stigmatizuje kada se konceptualizuje u terminima derogativnih izvornih domena parazita, divljih/lutajućih životinja i smeća. Za razliku od evaluativno neutralne metafore sigurnosne mreže (Lejkof 1995) koja je dominantna u zvaničnom diskursu o beskućništvu, pojmovne metafore koje smo uočili u ovom radu oslanjaju se na diskurs internet foruma koji podstiču diskusije o različitim temama beskućništva ali retko sankcionišu komentare učesnika koji su nepristojni i uvredljivi. Ukoliko uzmemo u obzir kontekst u kome posmatrani komentari nastaju, pojedinačni izvorni domeni koji čine deo pojmovnih metafora koje se koriste u konceptualizaciji beskućnika u ovom diskursu se ne čine nasumičnim izborom jer se namerno koriste da osvetle određene negativne karakteristike beskućnika i ilustruju ubeđivačku moć metafora (Čarteris-Blek 2004) u učvršćivanju negativnih stavova i uverenja koja su zajednička članovima određene diskursne zajednice
GENDER BIAS IN MACHINE TRANSLATION DATABASE: CASE STUDY OF GOOGLE TRANSLATE FROM ENGLISH TO SERBIAN
Get PDFAbstract. This study aims at analyzing gender bias in machine translation (Google Translate) from English into Serbian. We used the descriptive method of analyzing the machine translation (MT) from English into Serbian through gathered samples of English-to-Serbian translations of sentences: She is (name of a profession) and He is… (name of a profession). The results acquired prove the hypothesis that Google Translate offers biased translation from English to Serbian relying on the biased database it draws on. The second hypothesis sheds light on the influence of gender-specific adjectives such as beautiful, nice (feminine prevalence), and robust, aggressive (masculine prevalence) that qualify the names of professions dominantly by feminine or masculine gender, respectively. The third hypothesis of the research undertaken argues that certain professions are prevailingly translated by masculine gender even if they are preceded by a feminine personal pronoun (coach, economist, doctor, engineer, chemist, and lawyer) whereas certain names of professions such as nurse and maid are translated by a feminine gender even if they are preceded by a masculine personal pronoun. In addition, we hypothesize that the main reason for the gender bias in the machine translation from English to Serbian lies in the biased database used for the retrieval of data and certain algorithm improvements might mitigate the lack of gender sensitivity in the MT
MOGUĆNOSTI I DOMETI SVEOBUHVATNE OBNOVE VIŠEPORODIČNIH STAMBENIH ZGRADA U KULTURNO-ISTORIJSKIM CELINAMA: STUDIJA SLUČAJA ZAŠTIĆENE ZGRADE U STAROM JEZGRU BEOGRADA
No full textThe paper analyses the possibilities and scopes of comprehensive renovation of multifamily residential buildings located in the central urban core within cultural-historic areas, where the buildings are protected as cultural monuments. A considerable number of these buildings was constructed before thermal protection in construction appeared in domestic building regulations, meaning that they often do not meet modern standards of residential comfort. The renovation of such buildings is subject to specific conditions, with limited possibilities for intervention, raising questions about the benefits and ultimate outcomes of a such renovation. The paper examines the possibilities of renovating protected buildings and determines whether significant energy saving and spatial improvements can be achieved for these buildings. The study presents an example of comprehensive building renovation in Belgrade in an area protected as a cultural-historical entity. The research analyses renovation options to achieve the maximum possible energy saving by expanding the usable space. Based on the Knauf software simulations, the energy savings for heating compared to the existing state are 34% in Solution 1 and 69% in Solution 2. The goal of the research is to ascertain possibilities of comprehensive renovation of protected residential buildings without compromising their original architectural and historical values.Rad analizira mogućnosti i domete sveobuhvatne obnove višeporodičnih stambenih zgrada smeštenih u centralnom urbanom jezgru unutar prostornih kulturno-istorijskih celina, gde su objekti zaštićeni kao kulturna dobra. Značajan broj ovih zgrada izgrađen je pre nego što su propisi o toplotnoj zaštiti u građevinarstvu postali deo domaće regulative, što znači da često ne ispunjavaju savremene standarde stambenog komfora. Obnova ovakvih objekata podložna je posebnim uslovima, uz ograničene mogućnosti intervencije, što otvara pitanja o koristi i krajnjim ishodima takvih zahvata. U radu se ispituju mogućnosti renoviranja zaštićenih zgrada i analizira da li se mogu postići značajna energetska i prostorna unapređenja. Studija prikazuje primer sveobuhvatne obnove zgrade u Beogradu, u području zaštićenom kao kulturno-istorijska celina. Istraživanje analizira opcije renoviranja u cilju postizanja maksimalnog dometa energetske obnove proširenjem korisnog prostora. Na osnovu softverskih simulacija, uštede energije za grejanje u odnosu na postojeće stanje iznose: u Rešenju 1 – 34%, a u Rešenju 2 – 69%. Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje mogućnosti sveobuhvatne obnove zaštićenih stambenih zgrada bez narušavanja njihovih izvornih arhitektonskih i istorijskih vrednosti