University of Niš: Facta Universitatis (E-Journals) / Универзитет у Нишу
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UTICAJ FINANSIJSKIH DETERMINANTI NA INVESTICIONE AKTIVNOSTI I RAZVOJNE KAPACITETE JEDINICA LOKALNE SAMOUPRAVE
No full textThe investment activity and development capacity of local self-government units are influenced by a diverse set of financial determinants. Due to their frequent interdependence, assessing their joint effect is essential to accurately determine their impact on the realization of local capital projects. The paper empirically examines the impact of carefully selected financial determinants, including revenues per capita, public debt, the level of self-financing and fiscal autonomy, on the percentage share of capital expenditures in total expenditures of the 10 most indebted local self-government units in the Republic of Serbia, covering the period from 2011 to 2023. The empirical findings indicate that revenues per capita have a dominant impact on investment activity, suggesting that the actual fiscal strength of local self-government units is the most crucial factor in the realization of capital projects.Na investicionu aktivnost i razvojni kapacitet jedinica lokalne samouprave utiče raznolik skup finansijskih determinanti. Zbog njihove česte međuzavisnosti, procena njihovog zajedničkog dejstva je neophodna kako bi se precizno utvrdio njihov uticaj na realizaciju lokalnih kapitalnih projekata. U radu se empirijski ispituje uticaj pažljivo odabranih finansijskih determinanti, uključujući prihode po glavi stanovnika, javni dug, nivo samofinansiranja i fiskalne autonomije, na udeo kapitalnih rashoda u ukupnim rashodima 10 najzaduženijih jedinica lokalne samouprave u Republici Srbiji, obuhvatajući period od 2011. do 2023. godine. Empirijski nalazi ukazuju da prihodi po glavi stanovnika imaju dominantan uticaj na investicionu aktivnost, što sugeriše da je stvarna fiskalna snaga jedinica lokalne samouprave najvažniji faktor u realizaciji kapitalnih projekata
ADVANCED MACHINE LEARNING-BASED ECO-INTEGRATED MODEL FOR PREDICTING LATE BLIGHT IN MULTIPLE CULTIVATION SYSTEMS
Full text linkThis paper presents a machine learning–driven framework for analyzing and predicting potato late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) across two distinct cultivation systems—ecological and integrated—using six potato varieties. Traditional statistical methods, including a two-factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test, were applied to assess the effects of cultivation systems, potato varieties, and year. To enhance predictive accuracy and model interpretability, an advanced machine learning pipeline, termed the Eco-Integrated Model, was developed. This model integrates SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique) for handling class imbalance, SHAP (SHapley Additive xPlanations) for interpretability and feature importance analysis, and the CatBoost classifier for robust, high-performance prediction. The dataset, collected over three years (2018–2020), includes multi-varietal and system-specific records of late blight incidence for both ecological integrated-based data, serving as input for model training and evaluation. The proposed Eco-Integrated Model demonstrated high predictive capability, revealing that integrated cultivation systems are generally more effective at suppressing disease progression. Moreover, substantial varietal differences were identified in late blight susceptibility, as highlighted by both statistical and machine learning analyses. These findings underline the value of incorporating explainable, data-driven approaches into plant disease forecasting. The Eco-Integrated Model offers a scalable, interpretable, and accurate predictive solution, contributing to precision agriculture practices and supporting evidence-based decision-making for sustainable potato production and disease management strategies
KRIMINALITET ŽENA
No full textFemale criminality is generally not a frequent subject matter of criminological research. The reasons lie in the lower prevalence of female crime and the lesser social danger posed by offenses committed by women. However, this does not mean that such research should be neglected. Understanding the phenomenological and etiological characteristics of female criminality is only possible through criminological studies. The new social reality shows that women are not only capable of committing serious crimes but also of engaging in new criminal offenses, which previously have not been characteristic for female offenders. It clearly demonstrates the need for further criminological studies on female crime.Ženski kriminalitet generalno nije česta tema kriminoloških istraživanja. Razlozi za to leže u manjoj učestalosti kriminala među ženama i manjoj društvenoj opasnosti koju predstavljaju deliktne radnje koje žene počine. Međutim, to ne znači da ovakva istraživanja treba zanemariti. Razumevanje fenomenoloških i etioloških karakteristika ženskog kriminaliteta moguće je samo kroz kriminološka istraživanja. Nova društvena stvarnost pokazuje da žene ne samo da mogu da počine ozbiljna krivična dela već i da se bave novim deliktima koji prethodno nisu bili karakteristični za žene. To dodatno ističe potrebu za daljim kriminološkim istraživanjima kriminaliteta žena
PRAVNI OKVIR, KRIVIČNOPRAVNA I PREKRŠAJNA ZAŠTITA PREKRŠENOG PRAVA NA ZAŠTITU PODATAKA O LIČNOSTI U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
No full textGiven the huge information flowf and easily accessible personal data in today's digital world, the personality of individuals must be adequately protected, including the right to the protection of personal data. However, there are situations when personal data was collected, used, and stored illegally, when there was no legal basis or consent of the individual to dispose of such data. This paper examines the protection of personal data rights in criminal and misdemeanor proceedings. Although violations of these rights may occur outside the national territory, it is important that individuals become aware of their privacy rights and the protection of their data rights even when those rights are violated. In the Republic of Serbia, the case law is still in its infancy and criminal and misdemeanor courts have not rendered many decisions on this matter. The author considers that individuals are insufficiently familiar with their personal data rights, the cases of their abuse, and the possibilities to protect them. As the time comes when individuals will know all the details about the use of their personal data, along with regulations and declared rights, the practice of Serbian courts will be richer.Аutorka u radu analizira međunarodne pravne akte, kao i akte Republike Srbije koji se tiču krivičnog i prekršajnog reagovanja na čineciu da su zajemčena prava na privatnost pojedinaca i mogućnost zaštite podataka o ličnosti prekršena, uz poseban osvrt na model koji postoji i razvija se u Republici Srbiji. Svesni smo činjenice da ubrzani način života, razvoj novih tehnologija predvođenih korišćenjem veštačke inteligencije, koje se koriste u cilju obrade podataka o ličnosti, predstavljaju nove izazove na koje pravni sistem jedne države mora da reaguje, radi zaštite prava na privatnost pojedinaca koja su najpre zajemčena Evropskom konvencijom o ljudskim pravima, a potom i najvišim pravnim aktima jedne zemlje. Zbog toga će se autorka posebno baviti pojmom podataka o ličnosti, načinom i zakonitošću obrade, pravom na zaštitu tih podataka, kao i primenom pravnih sredstava zaštite prava lica na koje se ti podaci odnose, te sudskom praksom kojom je rešavano o ovakvim kršenjima zajemčenih prava
DOSTAVLJANJE KAO PRETPOSTAVKA OSTVARIVANJA PRAVA NA ŽALBU U PORESKOM I KRIVIČNOM POSTUPKU REPUBLIKE SRBIJE
No full text The effectiveness of a legal remedy in legal proceedings is largely determined not only by its characteristics and effects but also by shaping those procedural actions which have been assigned a specific role for the purpose of achieving the legislator’s goals. A regular legal remedy is primarily aimed at ensuring the protection of the parties’ rights but also safeguarding objective legality, which has the capacity to provide legal protection against unlawful and improper legal acts. In this paper, the authors focus on the issue of service of documents, as one of the procedural actions regulated by the applicable laws in the areas of tax and criminal procedure. The exercise of the right to appeal largely depends on the legal rules governing the service of a tax decision or a court judgment. Proper service of documents is a prerequisite for getting acquainted with the content of a decision or judgment. In effect, the purpose of the right to appeal, as an ordinary legal remedy, is to postpone the legal effect of a decision until the finality of a legal act that will either confirm or deny its lawfulness. An individual may exercise the right to appeal only if he/she is fully aware and timely notified about the existence of a legal act, and thus enabled to protect himself/herself against its potential unlawfulness or procedural irregularities. Delotvornost jednog pravnog leka u pravnim postupcima umnogome je determisana, ne samo njegovim obeležjima i dejstvom, nego i oblikovanjem onih procesnih radnji kojima je zakonodavac dao ulogu u ostvarivanju njegovih cilјeva. Prvenstveno se redovni pravni lek uvodi sa cilјem zaštite prava stranaka, ali i zaštite objektivne zakonitosti jer ima kapacitet da obezbedi pravnu zaštitu od nezakonitog i nepravilnog pravnog akta. Autorke su posebnu pažnju u radu posvetile pitanju dostavlјanja, kao jednoj od procesnih radnji uređenoj važećim zakonima iz domena poreske i krivične procedure. Ostvarivanje prava na žalbu u znatnoj meri zavisi od pravnih pravila o dostavlјanju poreskog rešenja, odnosno, sudske presude, jer pravilno dostavlјanje predstavlјa preduslov za upoznavanje sa rešenjem, odnosno, presudom. Svrha prava na žalbu je upravo odlaganje njegovog nastupanja do trenutka konačnosti pravnog akta koji će potvrditi ili opovrgnuti njegovu zakonitost. Samo pravovremenim saznanjem za pravni akt lice može upotrebiti žalbu, kao redovno pravno sredstvo, i zaštiti se od njegove eventualne nezakonitosti i nepravilnosti
IDEOLOGIJA IZVORNOG GOVORNIKA KROZ OKVIRE INTERSEKCIONALNOSTI
No full textNative speakerism is a language ideology that assumes that the ideals of the English language and the English teaching methodology originating from British and American cultures, which makes native speakers of English ideal representatives of the language, culture, and teaching methodology. In the English Language Teaching (ELT) market, native speakers of English are given priority over non-native English teachers, which affects their professional and personal lives. However, there are accounts and examples of native speakers who also experience the same or similar discrimination as non-native teachers. The research utilizes an intersectional lens to explore the narratives in online advertisements searching for native-speaker teachers and discriminating against marginalized native and non-native-speaker teachers. This research presents the dynamic of privilege and disadvantage in the ELT market and how it affects teachers professionally, especially during the recruitment and hiring processes.Ideologija izvornog govornika je jezička ideologija koja pretpostavlja da ideal engleskog jezika i metodike nastave engleskog jezika dolazi iz američke i britanske kulture, stoga su najbolji predstavnici jezika, kulture i metodike nastave izvorni govornici engleskog jezika. Izvorni govornici imaju prednost u odnosu na neizvorne govornike na tržištu nastave engleskog jezika, što utiče na profesionalne i privatne živote nastavnika. Međutim, postoje primeri koji svedoče da i izvorni govornici takođe mogu imati ista ili slična iskustva diskriminacije kao neizvorni govornici. Ovaj rad koristi intersekcionalni okvir da istraži narative onlajn oglasa u kojima se traže izvorni govornici za posao nastavnika engleskog jezika, a koji istovremeno diskriminišu marginalizovane izvorne i neizvorne govornike. Rad takođe prikazuje dinamiku između privilegija i nepovoljnog položaja nastavnika na tržištu nastave engleskog jezika i kako ona utiče na nastavnike tokom procesa zapošljavanja
A CLASS OF VECTOR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS ON THE SPACE OF REAL SQUARE MATRICES
Full text linkThis study examines vector optimization problems within the space of real square matrices. The conditions for optimality and characterizations of ”efficient” and ”weakly efficient” solutions under ”weak pseudo-invexity” assumptions have been obtainedby using the concept of ”Fritz-John vector critical point” for such a class of problems. Suitable examples have also been discussed to illustrate various results obtained for the new class of vector optimization problems, named as Matrix Optimization Problem
EXISTENCE AND ULAM-HYERS-RASSIAS STABILITY FOR SEQUENTIAL HYBRID PANTOGRAPH PROBLEM INVOLVING FRACTIONAL QUANTUM CALCULUS
Full text linkIn the present work, we study the fractional q-differential hybrid pantograph equations with sequential Caputo fractional q-derivatives. We prove the uniqueness and estimate of solutions by means Banach’s fixed point theorem and using the generalization of Gronwall’s inequality. We also study the Ulam-Hyers stability and the Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability of mentioned problem. Finally, we give an illustrative example
CU-CU MECHANICAL BONDING FOR 3D INTEGRATION OF THE NEXT GENERATION ELECTRONIC CHIPS: INTERFACIAL MECHANISMS, SURFACE ENGINEERING, AND EMERGING LOW-TEMPERATURE STRATEGIES
Full text linkThree-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technology is essential for ultra-high-density integration, and Cu-Cu direct mechanical bonding has emerged as a promising alternative due to the limitations of traditional soldering methods. This technology offers excellent power efficiency, high-density packaging, faster processing speeds, and improved heat dissipation. However, existing research has limitations in systematically analyzing the relationship between key parameters affecting Cu-Cu bonding quality such as bonding layer thickness, temperature, grain size, and surface roughness. A comprehensive review, particularly under the low-temperature conditions necessary for 3D IC processes, has been lacking. Therefore, this review introduces the fundamental theory of Cu-Cu bonding and systematically discusses the effects of the parameters on bonding quality. By integrating these factors with a specific focus on low-temperature Cu-Cu interfaces, this review aims to provide a practical and up-to-date guide on Cu-Cu bonding technologies
MACHINE LEARNING OF STRUCTURE – PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS: AN APPLICATION TO HEAT GENERATION DURING PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Full text linkIn the present work, the heat generation during the plastic deformation of a multiphase material is studied using machine learning (ML) methods. The aim was to predict the temperature increase from the structure-property relationships (SPR) of a microstructure considering various Taylor–Quinney coefficients (TQCs), with the aim of achieving precision and computational efficiency suitable for industry. Using automatic microstructure generation to create datasets and finite element analysis (FEA) to obtain temperature increase – strain curves, the dataset facilitated the training of an ML model. A 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed using the microstructural configuration and TQC value as input and the temperature increase – strain curve as output. The model demonstrated high prediction accuracy. The results indicated that the hard phase fraction significantly impacts the temperature increase, much more than the TQC values. This underlines the potential of the model for a better understanding of material behavior during deformation and its industrial applicability