Kyoritsu Womens University & Junior College: KWU Repository / 共立女子大学リポジトリ
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Reality and Romance of the Flying Heroine : Worrals of the W.A.A.F's Serialized in Girl's Own Paper
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The Challenge of Access to Sustainable Water for the Rural Poor in Cambodia : Socio-economic Impact Study of a Water Supply System for Village Residents in Kampong Speu Provinc
Get PDFIn response to the global water crisis, international NGOs ― working in close collaboration with community-based-organizations ― have introduced new, innovative and low-cost water systems that use available local water resources that meet basic water needs. Since 2008, a national NGO in Cambodia, Life with Dignity (formerly Lutheran World Development Cambodia) has taken the lead by providing Water Supply Systems (WSS) to more than 10 village communities in the province of Kampong Speu, located 50 kilometers from the capital city of Phnom Penh. LWD has assumed an important leadership role by orientating water projects to local communities, organizing community-level stakeholders, facilitating the establishment of Water Supply System Committees, monitoring day-to-day construction and training in the areas of water system management. Furthermore, LWD works through it's international partner organizations to raise funds to cover basic construction costs, while at the same time working with local residents to assume responsibility for the day-to-day planning, implementation, monitoring, maintenance and long-term financial sustainability. The underlying objectives of LWD's mission is to provide access to water for daily consumption, better hygiene and sanitation practices and increased agriculture production. The corollary outcomes of these water projects includes improved health, increased household income, and enhanced educational achievement. Long-term success of this water project will be measured against these aforementioned objectives.
The purpose of this empirical research is to assess key socio-economic changes after LWD implemented a new Water Supply System to approximately 260 families living in the three rural villages of Teuk Tla, Mean Serey, and Dambok Roungin 2014. The working hypothesis of this research is that the Water Supply System will have a direct, positive impact on the socio-economic variables of family finances, as well as health and sanitation.
In cooperation with LWD and community stakeholders, Dr. Lowell Gretebeck developed an assessment methodology that evaluated various socio-economic changes, measured against key baseline data. Using a quantitative survey, data from 70 households was received, compiled, coded and analyzed in accordance with SPHERE International Guidelines. Following this quantitative data collection, qualitative field interviews were conducted with local focus-groups and individuals on three separate visits to Cambodia which confirmed quantitative survey results and provided relevant insight into research findings.
Through this study, the researcher sought to answer the following key questions: 1) What problems are associated with current water use among the "poorest of the poor" in rural Cambodia? 2) What are the most significant socio-economic impacts of a newly installed WSS at the household level? 3) In what ways has the WSS enabled families to improve their financial status through increased agriculture production ― as well as the reallocation of increased savings to other budget areas ― including child education, nutrition, healthcare and micro-business initiatives.
The results of this academic inquiry show that two of the primary benefits of a Water Supply System are that of improved health and income. This research also confirmed that clean drinking water has resulted in lower incidents of water-borne diseases and diarrhea. In addition, the availability of water has clearly been an essential prerequisite to increased income as crop yields improve. We can further conclude that the WSS has resulted in other related socio-economic changes, particularly as increased income is used to support child education, improvement of home quality and the start of new micro-business enterprises.論説Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Being "National" under the Multi-Party System in Canada
Get PDFCanada has been classified as a counter-example to the political theory "Duverger's law," which posits that a single-member plurality electoral system (SMP) tends to produce a two-party system. In fact, a multi-party system appeared after the federal election of 1921. A regional protest party challenged the existing Liberal Party and Conservative Party, resulting in winning the second largest seats in the House of Commons. Particularly, the 1993 federal election marked a turning point in the history of Canadian politics. Canada saw an emergence of two regionally based parties, and the status of the largest opposition was consecutively occupied by third parties.
Since that election, scholars of Canadian party politics have focused on and explained the aspect of change in the party system, party organization, party representation, and electoral campaign strategies. Interestingly, however, if we look at the traditional Liberal Party and Progressive Conservative Party (today's Conservative Party, we can acknowledge that they have continuously emphasized on being "nationa" in their representation; that is, the party should secure support from every region of the country, even after the politicization of a regional cleavage in the 1993 federal election. Being "national" has been their political tenet since the Canadian Confederation of 1867, for it is believed as a means of "national unity" in the country with highly distinctive regions.
With a focus on the aspect of continuity in the traditional two parties, the sole governing parties so far, this article aims to delineate the nature of Canadian party politics, which is unfolded under the undeniable multi-party system. As mentioned above, Canada is a deviation from Duverger's law; paradoxically however, we can empirically observe that the traditional two parties have pursued a return to a two party system regardless of its feasibility. That is demonstrated by the fact that there is an absence of coalition government, but there are many minority governments in Canada as the traditional two parties have persisted in being "national" on their own and not accepted third parties as a coalition partner after the election. In sum, Canadian party politics can be regarded as a pursuit of one that Duverger's law generally assumes.論説Articlesdepartmental bulletin pape
Characteristic of children's clothes for the Shichi-Go-San Festival in the Meiji, Taisho and Showa period : Changes brought by the modernization
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Collection of Kyoritsu Women's University Museum : Study of the work "various kinds of Meibutsu-gire textiles" : The paper tags be attached to “fragments”
Get PDFThis study groups the paper tags attached to 142 fragments of Meibutsu-gire textiles in the collection of the Institution’s museum into five categories based on their quality of paper, content, and calligraphy, sorts them, and considers the timing and intentions of attaching the tags.
It finds that the main content of the paper tags describes the fragments’ (i) patterns, (ii) types of cloth, (iii) periods, (iv) ranks, (v) reference numbers, and (vi) weights, and determines that each of the tags was affixed during the period from the Meiji Era (1868–1912) through the Taisho Era (1912–1926).
It is observed that the paper tags served in storage-related functions, such as inventory management and recording of use, in the times in which these fragments still had considerable value for practical use, and that after the fragments had become subjects of appreciation as cultural assets the tags came to serve as notes for their preservation and study.departmental bulletin pape
