Interpersona (E-Journal - PsychOpen)
Not a member yet
321 research outputs found
Sort by
Work, Depression and Pandemic Stress in Times of COVID-19 in Buenos Aires, Argentina
No full textThe present research aimed to evaluate the existence of relationships between Pandemic Stress and Depression, and determine significant differences focusing on aspects inherent to work like employment situation, company size and work modality. It was a non-experimental, correlational, and comparative, cross-sectional investigation. Instruments: SISCO Pandemic Stress Inventory (ISEP) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). In a sample of 520 subjects from Buenos Aires, Argentina, a positive association was found between Depression and Pandemic Stress (PS), specific stressors, and reactions to them. It was found that high levels of Pandemic Stress, (i.e.: fear that some relative is infected, hospital consultation, insufficient resources, among others) were associated to high levels of depression symptoms such as hopelessness, pessimism, self-criticism and sadness. Regarding the employment situation, the unemployed sample presented a higher level of depression, PS and reactions to it. 40.2% of the owners/entrepreneurs (99.3% of MSMEs) thought at some point in the quarantine to close their businesses, they also evidenced the highest levels of depression. People who worked from home showed a higher level of PS than those who worked outside their home, and in turn, they used the most coping strategies. MSMEs employees had a higher level of stressors than employees of large companies. Finally, 54.7% of the sample saw their economic income reduced, 44.2% presented a moderate to a severe Depression level, and 80.5% showed a strong to a very strong level of Pandemic Stress. This proves the importance of investigating the psychological impact of the demands around COVID-19 according to vital factors such as work and the economy, promoting public policies, developing tools, and providing resources to face the biopsychosocial vicissitudes that the population of developing countries is going through
Evidence of Internal Validity of the Social Skills Inventory for Caregivers (SSI-CE) in Brazil
No full textWith population aging, it is important to develop studies on psychological skills that can facilitate the task of caregivers of a dependent older adult. The Social Skills Inventory for Caregivers of the Elderly (SSI-CE) is an assessment tool for this purpose. Even considering that the instrument already has evidence of validity, the aim of this study is to seek additional evidence of validity for the SSI-CE. To this end, 533 family caregivers of older adults with an average age of 49.7 years were investigated by responding to the following instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Brazil Economic Classification Criteria, and SSI-CE. Initially, two factor models for the SSI-CE were compared (second-order and bifactor models). Then, analyses were performed for measurement invariance and sample heterogeneity of the SSI-CE in relation to the variables age, gender, presence of dementia in the elderly care receiver, and type of data collection (online or in-person). Finally, the instrument's reliability values were checked. After comparing the models, the second-order model was the most appropriate, as it displayed reliability values ranging from ω = 0.66 to ω = 0.89. In invariance analysis, variability was found for sample heterogeneity in the variables gender, presence of dementia, and type of data collection. In conclusion, the calculation of a global score for the SSI-CE is pertinent, with good evidence of internal validity. However, specific rules should be established, considering different sample characteristics
Ambivalence in Attitudes Toward Forgiveness
No full textAre attitudes toward forgiveness ambivalent? To answer this question and explore whether such ambivalence predicts individuals’ propensity to forgive and tendency to view forgiveness as desirable/virtuous, we asked undergraduates (N = 159) to complete measures of ambivalence toward forgiveness, attitudes toward forgiveness, and tendencies to be forgiving/vengeful. Using a number of metrics, our findings suggest that attitudes toward forgiveness are moderately ambivalent. In addition, and as predicted, ambivalence toward forgiveness was associated with diminished inclination to be forgiving, enhanced pro-vengeance orientation, and less idealistic views of forgiveness. Further, highly ambivalent participants scored the same or lower than anti-forgiveness participants in tendencies to be forgiving/vengeful. These findings suggest the existence of a disconnect between people’s actual attitudes toward forgiveness and popular discourses on forgiveness and underscore the need for investigations of and theorizing on forgiveness that more fully recognize its possible costs and limitations or, at the very least, laypeople’s views on these
Sex Differences in Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction: The Effects of Dyadic Coping, Love, Sexual Motivation and Having Children
No full textThe present study explored sex differences in the predictors of relationship satisfaction (dyadic coping, love, sexual motivation, having children). A total of 465 Hungarian participants (319 women and 146 men) with a mean age of 33.6 years completed an online test battery comprising four self-report measures. The results revealed that women’s relationship satisfaction had more significant predictors than men’s, and half of the common predictors showed significant sex differences. Men’s satisfaction was positively predicted by the Intimacy and Passion components of love, while it was negatively predicted by Negative Dyadic Coping and by having at least one child. Besides Intimacy and Passion, two common predictors across sexes, women’s satisfaction was also positively predicted by the Commitment component of love, and also by successful coping with dyadic stress. By contrast, negative predictors were having sex as a means of coping with emotional problems (Sex as Coping), the individual aspect of dyadic coping (One’s Own Dyadic Coping), and Negative Dyadic coping. The findings are discussed in both bio-psychological and social constructionist approaches
Transnational Grandparenthood: A Qualitative Study on the Relationship of Grandparents and Grandchildren in the Migration Context
No full textTransnational relationships are defined as those between actors located in different national spaces, that is, relationships that are built beyond borders. It is the case of grandparents and grandchildren, who through migration see themselves in a distance relationship between two countries, thus one can speak of a transnational relationship that seeks an affective connection between two countries, two cultures, played out between grandparents and grandchildren. These transnational relationships will link grandchildren to family traditions, stories and values in and from the culture of origin. Despite the migration by parents and children, apparently distancing generations, this distance does not seem to totally prevent the inter-family cultural transmission of social values, mainly due to grandparents, who function as a kind of cultural root in the family and in contemporary society. In this context, the general objective of this study was to understand the transnational relationship between grandparents who remained in the country of origin and their migrant grandchildren. A qualitative research was carried out with twelve participants, that is, four grandparents, who remained in Brazil; four mothers, who migrated to Switzerland with their children; and four grandchildren, from different Brazilian States who migrated to Switzerland. The instruments used were a biosociodemographic questionnaire, a life history interview and semi-structured interviews. Results point out that their transnational relationship presents itself in singular and special ways, through created opportunities by those involved
Parental Secure Base Support and Child Secure Base Use in Mexican Same-Sex Families
No full textThe aim of this research was to determine whether the well-documented link between heterosexual parents’ secure base support (i.e., sensitivity) and child secure base behavior (i.e., security) was present among Mexican same-sex families with 1-to 6-year-old-children. The sample included 22 child-caregiver dyads from four lesbian and four gay families. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-set/Mother Behavior with Preschoolers Q-set and Attachment Q-set) to describe parents’ and children’s behavior, respectively. A robust regression model by Siegel method for predicting security with sensitivity as regressor was statistically significant for the whole sample with a statistical power of .89, consistent with the existing evidence in studies with different and same-sex families. Both sensitivity and attachment security are fundamentally relational constructs, not caregiver/child’s traits; they are relationship specific, as the results of the regression analysis showed. Despite the sample size, our findings prove attachment theory as a useful theoretical framework to study caregiver-child interactions no matter parents’ sexual orientation neither the family structure
Solidarity Economy and Family Dynamics of Recyclable Pickers: A View From the Science, Technology and Society Field
No full textAs researches in the social psychology of work field indicate, workers are exposed to the subjective influences of their work environment, with the possibility of interinstitutional and systemic influences due to intersubjectivity. Economic-solidarity enterprises, having an organization and nature different from the capitalist companies and being considered as Social Technologies, from the perspective of the Science, Technology and Society research field, contribute to these influences, which include techniques, methods and products. As the family is one of the main belonging institutions to the persons, this study aimed to investigate the influences of economic-solidarity work relationships on the family dynamics of these cooperatives workers. The research field was the Cooperativa de Trabalho dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis de São Carlos [São Carlos Work Cooperative of Waste Pickers], São Paulo, Brazil, and the method used was thematic oral history. Fieldwork was carried out using participant observation techniques and semi-structured interviews with waste pickers and family members, which were transcribed for content analysis and transcriated for feedback to the research participants and validation of the information. Three main characteristics were observed permeating the interviews: that the economic-solidarity principles, even if not theoretically understood, when experienced in the work space, are potential to change people's behavior; that the organization of cooperative work positively influenced family dynamics; and that the cooperative organization was considered as a possibility for the economic inclusion of socially excluded people. The most prominent influences of economic-solidarity work relationships on family dynamics were the increased tolerance and cooperation in carrying out daily tasks and responsibilities
Self-Disclosure and Psychological Resilience: The Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion
No full textSelf-disclosure involves sharing thoughts, feelings, and experiences with others, typically surrounding emotionally relevant and often times difficult life experiences. Research suggests a link between acts of self-disclosure and improved psychological resilience. Most research argues that resilience arises because acts of disclosure alter one’s thinking around a topic of disclosure, which is then associated with improved resilience. Research also suggests, however, that disclosure can alter personal characteristics such as one’s level of self-compassion or self-esteem. Nevertheless, we know relatively little about the potential mediating role that personal characteristics might play in predicting resilience. This exploratory cross-sectional study assesses whether self-characteristics (specifically self-esteem and self-compassion) mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological resilience. Four hundred and forty-three individuals completed a survey that assessed the aforementioned variables. Findings suggest that self-esteem and self-compassion mediate the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological resilience. Demographically, age and those who identified as male reported significantly higher levels of resilience than individuals of other demographics. These findings pinpoint personal characteristics that could be targeted to supplement and improve the efficacy of self-disclosure interventions
Loneliness, Love Attitudes and Satisfaction With Love Life Among University Students in Palestine: Gender Differences
No full textThe association between loneliness, love styles and satisfaction with love life among Palestinian university students was examined in this study. Gender differences in loneliness, love styles and satisfaction with love life was examined as well as the relationship among these variables. The study included 500 students (63.6% females and 36.4% males), aged between 18 and 26 years. Data were collected using the Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Love Attitudes Scale (LAS), Satisfaction with Love Life Scale (SWLLS) and a Demographic Information Form. Analyses showed that there were no gender differences in loneliness. Significant gender differences were found on ludic, males were more in their love styles than were females. Loneliness was negatively associated with Eros, Storge and Pragma love styles, and with satisfaction with love life. Multiple regression analysis indicated that all the variables accounted for 18% of the variance in loneliness scores. Satisfaction with love life appears to be the best predictor of university student’s loneliness