Interpersona (E-Journal - PsychOpen)
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Prototypic Features of Loneliness in a Stratified Sample of Adolescents
No full textDominant theoretical approaches in loneliness research emphasize the value of personality characteristics in explaining loneliness. The present study examines whether dysfunctional social strategies and attributions in lonely adolescents can be explained by personality characteristics. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 379 Danish Grade 8 students (M = 14.1 years, SD = 0.4) from 22 geographically stratified and randomly selected schools. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that network orientation, success expectation and avoidance in affiliative situations predicted loneliness independent of personality characteristics, demographics and social desirability. The study indicates that dysfunctional strategies and attributions in affiliative situations are directly related to loneliness in adolescence. These strategies and attributions may preclude lonely adolescents from guidance and intervention. Thus, professionals need to be knowledgeable about prototypic features of loneliness in addition to employing a pro-active approach when assisting adolescents who display prototypic features
Atitudes e Crenças sobre o Amor: Versão Brasileira da Escala de Estilos de Amor
No full textThis research presents the psychometric properties and indicators of factorial validity related to the Brazilian version of love styles scale - LAS. The purpose of this measure is to evaluate six cognitive dimensions of romantic love, according to the theory proposed by John Lee: Eros, Storge, Ludus, Mania, Pragma and Agape. Five hundred and nine people of both sexes took part on the study, 222 of whom were men (43,6%) and 287 were women (56,4%). Mean participant age was 27,9 years old (SD = 9,6) for the male group and 26,4 years (SD = 8,5) for the female group. Participants answered to an online version of the original 42-item Likert scale that had been translated to Portuguese. Exploratory factor analysis results demonstrated consistency on the scale’s six dimension structure, and independence among the resulting factors. Scales’ Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient ranged from 0,55 to 0,81, indicating the viability to use that measure
An Examination and Revision of the Love Attitude Scale in Serbia
No full textThe research reports on results of an initial application of the Love Attitude Scale (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986) in Serbia. The study was conducted on the sample of 127 respondents, mainly of adolescent age, from Subotica, Serbia. We explored the factor structure of the Love Attitude Scale, analyzed relationships between its subscales, and examined relevant correlates of its dimensions. We also performed extensive item analysis of the scale, and proposed several new items for the use in the revised Love Attitude Scale for Serbia. Correlates of the revised subscales correspond to those obtained with the original scale and in other countries. The results confirm cross-cultural stability of the six-dimensional structure of the Love Attitude Scale. It was concluded that the Serbian adaptation was successful, and that the translated and slightly revised scale can be used as a valid instrument for the assessment of the six love styles
Love-pursuing patterns and personality traits: A preliminary study in Chinese university undergraduate students
No full textThe love-pursuing pattern (LPP), or love-initiating behavior, is important in building or maintaining a relationship, but has been less studied. We hypothesize that the LPPs might be modulated by personality traits. Therefore we have administered an adjective-based LPP questionnaire, the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scales (SSS), and the Plutchik – van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP) in 164 Chinese undergraduates who were in a current heterosexual-love relationship. We did not find any differences of LPP, ZKPQ, SSS, or PVP scale scores when either referred to gender or initiator/ receiver. In initiators (13 women, 85 men), the SSS Experience Seeking was negatively correlated with LPP Impulsive scale, Disinhibition was positively correlated with Threatening scale, and the PVP was negatively correlated with Persistent scale. In all subjects, the ZKPQ Aggression-Hostility was negatively correlated with the perceived happiness from the relationship, Activity was positively correlated with relationship suitability, and the SSS Experience Seeking was negatively correlated with a future marriage probability. Low SSS Experience Seeking and Disinhibition, ZKPQ Aggression-Hostility, together with high Activity and emotionality would be helpful to initiate a love relationship, and increase chances of the perceived happiness and suitability, and a future marriage
Seizing, Freezing, and… Suffering? Looking at Need for Closure in Romantic Relationships
No full textNeed for Closure (NFC), our tendency to “seize” upon immediate answers and “freeze” by failing to update (Kruglanski, 1989), was predicted to be negatively associated with relationship satisfaction because, once in a relationship, high NFC individuals would be motivated to stay in the relationship, even if they were unhappy, because of a preference for the familiar versus the unknown. Two measures of relationship satisfaction were analyzed using linear regressions with the two dimensions of NFC, Decisiveness and Need for Simple Structure (NFSS), as continuous predictors. NFSS proved to be a weak, inconsistent predictor, while Decisiveness turned out to be a strong, positive predictor of relationship satisfaction. A possible basement effect with the sample used and alternative conceptions of the NFC construct were discussed in effort to explain the results
Emotional tone in young adolescents’ close relationships and its association with deliberate self-harm
No full textPrevious research has shown that a less positive emotional tone in adolescents’ relationships to parents, but not in their relationships to peers, predicts more of behaviour problems and substance use. The purpose of the present study was to replicate these findings, and to extend this research to deliberate self-harm. In a first study with a variable-oriented approach, correlations were analysed between emotional tone in close relationships and a number of behaviour problems. The main results showed that deliberate self-harm among girls, as well as conduct problems, hyperactivity, aggressive behaviour, and the use of alcohol, were more strongly associated with poor emotional relations to their parents than with poor emotional relations to friends. In a second study, a person-oriented approach was used to investigate girls’ profiles of emotional tone in close relationships by means of cluster analysis, and to compare the clusters on measures of deliberate self-harm. The analysis led to the identification of five clusters; of these, deliberate self-harm was most frequent in a cluster of girls who reported poor emotional relations to parents in combination with good emotional relations to friends. Self-harm was also frequent in a cluster of girls characterized by poor emotional relations to both parents and friends. The results are discussed in terms of good emotional relations to friends not necessarily serving as a protective factor against emotional and behavioural problems, and the methodological value of a person-oriented approach as a complement to a traditional variable-oriented approach.Jenny Ulande
The Early Attachment Experiences are the Roots of Psychopathy
No full textThis review proposes the ‘attachment and the deficient hemispheric integration hypothesis’ as explanation for psychopathy. The hypothesis states that since secure attachment to the parents is essential for the proper development of both the hemispheres in children, psychopaths with histories of neglect and abuse are unable to develop efficient interaction of both the hemispheres, important for emotional processing and regulation. Various studies have shown that without an efficient interaction between the two hemispheres psychopaths fail to perform adequately on tasks that require both language abilities and non-verbal emotional processing. The hypothesis also explains why psychopaths will perform inefficiently in conditions that selectively prime the left hemisphere resources as these people would have learnt to rely more on the language based mode of this hemisphere. The childhood of psychopaths is marked by insecure attachment with their parents where the parents fail to respond to the needs of the preverbal infant thus leading to improper development of the right hemisphere abilities, one of which is decoding and showing appropriate non-verbal emotional signals resembling a pattern shown by the parents. The hypothesis is useful in explaining different findings on laterality in psychopathy as well as answering the nature-nurture debate of the disorder. Research carried out under the proposed framework can be helpful in understanding the nature of the disorder which will be ultimately useful in the prevention of its full blown manifestation
Social influence and the timing of parenthood
No full textThere is a general trend of postponing entry into parenthood in Europe, Scandinavia being no exception. Previous research has suggested a range of reasons for this pattern to emerge, but comparatively little attention has been given the possible impact of the social network on the decision to try for a child. This paper explicates ways in which young Swedish adults in focus group discussions reason about the impact of friends and family in their reproductive decisionmaking. The analysis is based on a discourse analytical approach and inspired by social influence theory. The result of the focus group data indicates that the desire to maintain belonging and rootedness to friends as well as to kin is influential in procreative decision-making. Friends and family are recurrently referred to in the participants’ reasoning about when parenthood is preferably entered
Ethnic and Gender Differences in Emotional Ideology, Experience, and Expression
No full textHow universal are men and women’s attitudes toward the expression of emotion? How similar are the emotions that men and women from various ethnic groups experience and express in their close love relationships? In this study, 144 men and 307 women of European, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, and Japanese ancestry were asked about their ideologies as to how people ought to deal with strong emotions in close relationships, how often they themselves felt a variety of emotions, and how they dealt with such feelings in close relationships. Finally, they were asked how satisfied they were with their close relationships. Men and women appeared to possess different emotional ideologies. Women tended to favor direct expression of emotion; men to favor emotional management. People of Chinese, European, Filipino, Hawaiian, and Japanese ancestry also possessed different ideologies as to how people ought to deal with strong emotions in intimate relationships