Interpersona (E-Journal - PsychOpen)
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Parent-Offspring Conflict Over Short-Term Mating Strategies
No full textIndividuals engage in short-term mating strategies that enable them to obtain fitness benefits from casual relationships. These benefits, however, count for less and cost more to their parents. On this basis three hypotheses are tested. First, parents and offspring are likely to disagree over short-term mating strategies, with the former considering these as less acceptable than the latter. Second, parents are more likely to disapprove of the short-term mating strategies of their daughters than of their sons. Finally, mothers and fathers are expected to agree on how much they disagree over the short-term mating strategies of their children. Evidence from a sample of 148 Greek-Cypriot families (140 mothers, 105 fathers, 119 daughters, 77 sons) provides support for the first two hypotheses and partial support for the third hypothesis. The implications of these findings for understanding family dynamics are further discussed
Interpersonal Relationships and HIV/AIDS Stigma in China
No full textThis study explores the implications of interpersonal relationships to HIV/AIDS stigma in Chinese society. The data were collected by 67 open-ended individual interviews. The study shows that HIV/AIDS stigma goes beyond fears about the risk of infection. Two interrelated themes, the social categorisation and bao, constitute the underlying principles in the structure of discourse. On the one hand, people with HIV/AIDS are typically represented as a deviant outgroup. They are believed to be retributed by the Heaven. However, the differentiation between ingroup and outgroup is not just simply based on HIV/AIDS infection. Instead, the boundary between the two is penetrable and is mediated by blood ties. One the other hand, the double-entendre of bao is called to play with respect to ingroup and outgroup. When a close kinship istaken into account, the belief of divine retribution fades out, and the belief of worldly reciprocation foregrounds. People with HIV/AIDS in this case straddle the very fine line between outgroup and ingroup. They are considered to be outgroup in the sense that HIV/AIDS as a virus/disease (a third party) found in their body is contagious, and the physical boundary between “them” and “us” is therefore needed. Yet they are considered to be the part of ingroup, because either they are innocent, or they make use of the profit for righteousness. In both cases, they deserve to be reciprocally cared for by their family. The reciprocity hereby acts as an invisible binding force between the infected and the uninfected within a close kinship
Sexual Motives: The Impact of Gender, Personality, and Social Context on Sexual Motives and Sexual Behavior - Especially Risky Sexual Behavior
No full textRecently, scholars from a variety of disciplines have begun to investigate passionate love, sexual desire, and sexual behavior. Specifically, they have begun to investigate questions profound questions as: “Why do men and women engage in sexual liaisons?” “Why do they avoid such liaisons?” In this paper, we will review what theorists have learned about the motives that encourage people to engage in (or to avoid) sexual encounters, focusing specifically about what is know about the influence of gender, personality, and social context on sexual motives. We will close by speculating about the impact of such differing motives on sexual functioning and the prevalence of STIs and AIDs
Relational Uncertainty, Perceived Fairness, and the Division of Household Labor in Cohabiting and Married Couples
No full textThis study examined the relationship between relational uncertainty and perceptions of division of household labor (DHL) in cohabiting and married couples. Specifically, research questions explored perceived fairness in DHL and relational uncertainty, perceptual convergence of contributions, convergence of perceptions and relational uncertainty, and convergence of perceptions and relationship satisfaction. A behavioral methodology called the Household Portrait Technique was employed to examine how couples discuss how they decide who does what in the household. A total of 33 couples independently completed a self-report instrument and jointly participated in the Household Portrait activity. Results showed that husbands and wives were agreed in their perceptions of fairness. Couples agreed that husbands do more of the outdoor work and automobile maintenance whereas wives do more of the childcare. Convergent perceptions regarding DHL was positively associated with relational certainty and marginally associated with relationship satisfaction
O que importa em uma amizade?A percepção de universitários sobre amizades
No full textWhat matters in a friendship? College students’ perceptions on friendshipsThis paper presents data that complement the construct validation of the McGill Friendship Questionnaires into Brazilian Portuguese. The aim of the questionnaires is to evaluate friendship quality through nine dimensions tapped by scales. The present paper analyzed the complementary dimensions to the McGill Questionnaires’ through an open-ended question that followed the scales. Content analysis provided an overview ofthe friendship concept, highlighting positive and negative aspects of the relationship, as well as similarities with the Canadian culture, where de original scales are from. Resultsindicate themes to be explored in future research and the need of more studies on friendship relationships in other states inside Brazil, in order to identify similarities and differences within the country
Bullying: Um estudo sobre papéis sociais, ansiedade e depressão no contexto escolar
No full textThe present study investigated the bullying process in Brazilian schools. 182 children (m age = 9,99 years; sd = 1,15) from Public and Private schools from South Brazil answered measures of victimization, aggression, depression and anxiety. Results showed no difference between levels of depression and anxiety between bullies and victims. Therefore, a tendency that the bullies are more depressed than the victims was observed. Boys were more nominated than girls as victims and bullies. Data confirms studies that emphasize the higher prevalence of the presence of boys in bullying process, but also contradict previous studies that showed higher levels of depression in victims but not in bullies, what can be explained by the cultural influence. The results point to the importance of clinical interventions focused on this phenomena, which has increased its prevalence between youth nowadays
Family relationship and socio-economic context
No full textThis study examined associations between family income, family structure and relationship quality among members of Brazilian families. Participants (n = 77) were mothers with at least one child within the age of zero to nine years-old living in two adjacent cities in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Face-to-face interviews were conducted during home visits. Quality of family relationship was evaluated in four dimensions: general quality of family life, marital conflict, mother-children conflict, and mother-children proximity. All dimensions of family relationship were significantly correlated. Quality of family life was affected by family income, co-residence structure and presence of siblings. We concluded that the mothers' perception of the relationships among family members is interdependent, and their perception on general quality of life is affected by socio-economic variables
Comparando autoavaliação e avaliação de professores sobre as habilidades sociais de crianças com deficiência mental
No full textThis study investigated the convergent validity of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) in a sample of Brazilian children with mental disabilities. Correlations were tested between the commons global scale and subscales from the forms of selfevaluation and evaluation by teachers. Participants 84 were children with mental disabilities from a special school and their teachers, who responded the SSRS-BR. The results showed no significant correlation between the two types of evaluators in thesocial skills global scale and the common subscales. In addition, the students showed a systematic tendency to evaluate themselves more negatively compared with their teachers. The study pointed a possible limitation in the use of self-evalutionquestionnaire as single assessment procedure for children with disabilities. The research also suggests additional caution in the use and comparison of results from different evaluators
Amizade e focos de atividade no ensino médio
No full textThe research aimed at investigating foci of activity which were perceived by adolescents as relevant for establishing and maintaining friendships. The participantswere 24 adolescents aged 14-17 years old from Vitoria, Brazil, all high school students.Twelve students were from a public school and 12 from a private school, including 12 females and 12 males. The results are presented in seven items: (1) friends network; (2) origin of friends; (3) friendship, physical space and neighborhood; (4) general activities;(5) specific activities; (6) communication and (7) friendship and dating. It can be concluded that the foci of activity, as part of the social context in which friendships begin and develop, show similarities and differences between the two groups (students from public school and private school) that represent different segments or groups of the local society. The foci of activities also highlight the relevance of social, economic, geographic, religious and cultural factor to friendship in adolescence
Psychological Adjustment: Are adopted adolescents at greater risk for negative outcomes?
No full textDuring the last decades several authors have indicated that being an adopted child resulted in a higher risk of psychological maladjustment. The objective of this research was to investigate the changes in perception of parental styles in adopted and no-adopted adolescents Brazilians. The sample comprised 524 adolescents (68 were adopted and 456 were raised by their biological parents). The instruments used were a demographic questionnaire and the Responsiveness Scales and Parental Demands. The findings indicated that adoptive parents are significantly more indulgent than biological parents. In comparison, the adolescents described their biological parents as more negligent. The findings corroborated the transcultural effects of parental styles on the psychological adjustment and confirmed th