Interpersona (E-Journal - PsychOpen)
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My Parents Know Best: No Mating With Members From Other Ethnic Groups
No full textThis study examined the opposition against out-group mating and the attitude towards parental influence on mate choice among 107 Dutch, 69 Moroccan, and 69 Turkish participants aged between 15 and 25. The level of preferred parental influence on mate choice was considerably higher among the Turks and Moroccans than among the Dutch, but females in both ethnic groups were less in favor of parental influence on mate choice than males were. Overall, males showed a higher opposition against interethnic dating than females did, and the Turks showed a higher level of opposition to interethnic mating than both the Moroccans and the Dutch. In addition, the effect of opposition against interethnic mating on preferred parental influence on mate choice was especially pronounced among the Turks, somewhat less so among the Moroccans, and least strong among the Dutch. Especially young males with a Turkish and Moroccan background seem to hold on to the values of the cultures they come from, and particularly Turkish immigrants seem keen on keeping the cohesion of their ethnic group intact by opposing interethnic dating, and by favoring parental influence on mate choice as a way to achieve this goal
Iranian-American’s Perceptions of Prejudice and Discrimination: Differences Between Muslim, Jewish, and Non-Religious Iranian-Americans
No full textRecent political events have created a political and social climate in the United States that promotes prejudice against Middle Eastern, Iranian, and Muslim peoples. In this study, we were interested in investigating two major questions: (1) How much ethnic harassment do Iranian-American men and women from various religious backgrounds (Muslim, Jewish, or no religious affiliation at all) perceive in their day-to-day interactions? (2) To what extent does the possession of stereotypical Middle Eastern, Iranian, or Muslim traits (an accent, dark skin, wearing of religious symbols, traditional garb, etc.) spark prejudice and thus the perception of ethnic harassment? Subjects were recruited from two very different sources: (1) shoppers at grocery stores in Iranian-American neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and (2) a survey posted on an online survey site. A total of 338 Iranian-Americans, ages 18 and older, completed an in-person or online questionnaire that included the following: a request for demographic information, an assessment of religious preferences, a survey of how “typically” Iranian-American Muslim or Iranian-American Jewish the respondents’ traits were, and the Ethnic Harassment Experiences Scale. One surprise was that, in general, our participants reported experiencing a great deal of ethnic harassment. As predicted, Iranian-American Muslim men perceived the most discrimination—far more discrimination than did American Muslim women. Overall, there were no significant differences between the various religious groups. All felt discriminated against. Iranian-American men and women, whose appearance was stereotypically Middle Eastern (i.e., they wore Middle Eastern clothing), who had sub-ethnic identification, and who had lower family income, generally reported experiencing the most prejudice
Does Hard Work Pay Off? The Influence of Perceived Effort on Romantic Attraction
No full textThis study examines how a person’s willingness to exert effort affects how others perceive their romantic desirability. The study also examines whether the participants’ implicit theory of personality (incremental or entity) influences ratings of the target’s romantic desirability based on the target’s level of effort. Seventy-eight (17 males, 61 females) single college students participated in the study. Participants read one of four descriptions of a target. The descriptions manipulated both the target’s ability (hard work or natural ability) and success (successful or unsuccessful). Participants also completed a measure to assess their implicit theory of personality. Participants then rated the target’s desirability. There was a significant difference in desirability ratings of the target for the main effect of ability. There were no other significant differences found between the variables. The findings suggest that when a person expends effort, they are more romantically desirable regardless of how successful they are. Findings also suggest that a person’s implicit theory of personality does not interact with the target’s effort to affect romantic desirability
Validación en México de una Escala de Calidad Relacional: El Uso de la Escala Aquarela-R
No full textMarital satisfaction and the perception of relationship quality are important aspects to consider when it´s studying romantic relationships. Therefore, multiple constructs can be defined as the representation of the quality of relationships, such as love, intimacy, communication, compromise and sex that are always characterizing what occurs in romantic relationships. Based on the above, the objective of this research was to validate the Brazilian version of the Acuarela-R for De Andrade & Garcia (2012) in three Mexican samples: Distrito Federal, Hidalgo and Durango, that is, a total of 878 volunteers in a relationship. This was done thru the criteria proposed by Reyes Lagunes & Garcia y Barragan (2008). The results showed a valid and reliable scale with robust reliability coefficients that will use it to measure perceptions of quality in the relationship, and so contribute to research in psychology to reach an understanding of the nature of the duration, maintenance, repair, or even breaking them.Language: SpanishTanto la satisfacción marital como la propia calidad de la relación son percepciones importantes cuando se estudia a las relaciones románticas ya que refleja la opinión general del individuo acerca de su relación romántica. Por lo tanto, múltiples construcciones se pueden definir como la representación de la calidad de las relaciones de pareja, como lo son el amor, la intimidad, la comunicación, el compromiso y el sexo que se encuentran siempre caracterizando lo que se da en las relaciones románticas. Basado en lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue Validar en México la Escala Brasileña sobre Calidad en las relaciones románticas Acuarela-R de De Andrade y García (2012). para cumplirlo se trabajó con muestras equivalentes del Distrito Federal, Hidalgo y Durango, es decir, con un total de 878 voluntarios que mantenían una relación; realizando así la validación mediante el procedimiento propuesto por Reyes Lagunes y García y Barragán (2008). Los resultados mostraron la existencia una escala válida y confiable con coeficientes de confiabilidad robustos que permitirán su uso de ella para medir las percepciones de calidad en la relación amorosa y así contribuir a la investigación en psicología para llegar a la comprensión de la naturaleza de la duración, mantenimiento, reparación, e incluso de la ruptura de éstas
Representações sociais da beleza física e relacionamentos amorosos
No full textThis research aims to investigate the relations of social representations of physical beauty in establishing romantic relationships of professional photo models and non-models participants. We perform a comparative and descriptive study, based on cross-sectional data obtained by purposive sampling. Out of 120 participants, 60 are men and 60 are women. Moreover, 60 are professional photo models and 60 attend to higher education on Exact or Technological Sciences. We utilized a self-administered online questionnaire with closed questions. Participants had taken a pre-test prior to data collection. Our results indicate that physical beauty has a central role in establishing romantic relationships, being considered as one of the most important elements for both photo models group and men group.A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar as relações das representações sociais da beleza física no estabelecimento de relacionamentos amorosos, para modelos fotográficos e não modelos. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento descritivo e comparativo, com corte transversal e de amostragem intencional. Participaram 120 pessoas, distribuídos de modo equivalente entre homens e mulheres, 60 deles fazendo parte do grupo que atua como modelo fotográfico, e outros 60 com indivíduos que cursam o ensino superior na área de Ciências Exatas ou Tecnológicas. Utilizou-se um questionário online autoadministrado, com perguntas fechadas, sendo submetido a um pré-teste antes da coleta dos dados. Os resultados indicaram que a beleza física tem papel central no estabelecimento de relacionamentos amorosos, sendo considerada o elemento mais importante tanto para o sexo masculino quanto para o grupo de modelos.A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar as relações das representações sociais da beleza física no estabelecimento de relacionamentos amorosos, para modelos fotográficos e não modelos. Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento descritivo e comparativo, com corte transversal e de amostragem intencional. Participaram 120 pessoas, distribuídos de modo equivalente entre homens e mulheres, 60 deles fazendo parte do grupo que atua como modelo fotográfico, e outros 60 com indivíduos que cursam o ensino superior na área de Ciências Exatas ou Tecnológicas. Utilizou-se um questionário online autoadministrado, com perguntas fechadas, sendo submetido a um pré-teste antes da coleta dos dados. Os resultados indicaram que a beleza física tem papel central no estabelecimento de relacionamentos amorosos, sendo considerada o elemento mais importante tanto para o sexo masculino quanto para o grupo de modelos
How to Flirt Best: The Perceived Effectiveness of Flirtation Techniques
No full textFour studies were implemented in order to ascertain how men and women flirt with potential partners and which flirtatious actions are considered most effective. Study 1 (n = 40) and Study 2 (n = 60) sought to discover the actions that men and women, respectively, engage in to indicate romantic interest to a partner. Study 3 (n = 110) sought to determine which flirtatious acts from women are perceived as most effective by men. Women’s flirtations that suggest sexual access were expected to be rated as most effective. Study 4 (n = 222) sought to determine which flirtatious acts from men are perceived as most effective by women. Men’s flirtations that suggest emotional commitment and exclusivity were expected to be rated as most effective by women. The results were consistent with the hypotheses and are discussed in terms of prior research
Drive to Marry and Social Prescription in Chinese Online Daters
No full textIndividuals’ eagerness or desire to get married was investigated in a sample of online daters in China (n = 3,389) using a 6-item version of the Drive to Marry (DTM) Scale, which was modified with new questions about normative pressures to marry given the cultural emphasis on social prescription in Eastern versus Western culture. The questionnaire items conformed to a unidimensional Rasch scale with interval-level measurement, although two themes seemed inherent to DTM – positive feelings of excitement or anticipation and negative feelings of urgency or desperation. Consistent with previous theory and research, women exhibited stronger DTM than men and normative pressures resulted in greater perceived DTM. Finally, significant response biases by sex were found, indicating that men and women differ in their qualitative experience of DTM. The results offer a preliminary cross-cultural validation and perspective on DTM and expand the present conceptualization and measurement of the construct to guide future research and theory-building
The Effectiveness of “Undercover Anti-Bullying Teams” as Reported by Participants
No full textAn analysis of archival data retrieved from a school counselor’s careful recording of student responses during the conducting of 35 “undercover anti-bullying teams” reveals a highly positive qualitative account of the success of these teams. A targeted, non-punitive, restorative process calls forth peer influence to transform the bullying relation in a short time-frame. The bullies are involved in the transformation and the victim is never required to confront the bullies. Student responses show that participants value the chance to help a peer, take up the responsibility of stopping bullying responsibly, and victims are happy with the results
Forms of Violence in the Affective-Sexual Relationships of Adolescents
No full textViolence in the affective-sexual relationships of adolescents is a theme that has been highlighted by the literature as a result of its high rates of prevalence. It has different characteristics, while many factors are shown to be associated with its occurrence. The present study investigated the affective-sexual relationships of adolescents, focusing on the experiences as perpetrators and victims of different types of violence between partners. We conducted a quantitative study with a descriptive, comparative and correlational design, with 124 heterosexual adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years (M = 15.94, SD = 0.65). As measurement instruments we used a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ), and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI). The results showed percentages of violence that ranged from 14.7% for relational abuse committed to 97% for verbal/emotional violence suffered. We identified significant gender differences in the dimensions of threatening behavior (t = -3.172, p = 0.002) and physical violence (t = -3.037, p = 0.003) perpetrated by the participant, indicating that it is the girls who report that they practice this type of violence more often. No significant correlation was observed between experiences of violence in the family of origin and in the relationship with the partner (p > 0.05). However, there was an association between the occurrence of violence in the relationships of the adolescents and the presence of violence in the affective-sexual relationships of friends (p < 0.05). We highlight the importance of expanding the field of theory regarding this phenomenon, in order to assist with future interventions
Relationship Satisfaction in Young Adults: Gender and Love Dimensions
No full textMen and women present differences that go beyond evolutionary mechanisms of reproduction and species maintenance; social and cultural dimensions are indicated as modeling agents of different configurations of romantic relationships. This study presents the results of relationship quality models based on Sternberg’s triangular love theory. There were 335 subjects involved in romantic relationships, of whom 190 (56.7%) were male and 145 (42.3%) were female. Mean age of the participants was 29 years (SD = 9.1 years). The results of the study point out that love components predict relationship satisfaction differently per gender. For women, the intimacy, passion and commitment variables are significant predictors, whereas for men the commitment variable was not significant