New Jersey History (NJH - E-Journal)
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Editor's Note
No full textIn this introduction to the Fall 2021 issue of The Undergraduate Review, editors Isaiah Dingle and William Huang reflect on the resilience and creativity of the Rutgers–Camden undergraduate community during a time of global uncertainty. The issue features a diverse array of faculty-approved student work spanning history, law, business, literature, and creative writing. The editors spotlight essays addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, political extremism, and human connection, underscoring how students grapple with both global crises and intimate realities. They also express gratitude to student contributors and faculty advisors, and invite readers to engage deeply with the ideas presented
The Most Pressing Threat: Right-Wing Terrorism in the United States
No full textMariah MacIntosh investigates the alarming rise of right-wing extremism as the dominant terrorist threat facing the United States today. Challenging the traditional national security focus on foreign, religiously motivated terrorism, the article highlights the growing frequency, lethality, and recruitment strength of far-right movements. MacIntosh explores historical patterns, contemporary data, and high-profile incidents—including the killings of Ahmaud Arbery and the attempted kidnapping of Governor Gretchen Whitmer—to demonstrate the persistence and escalation of domestic extremism. The paper also critiques the government’s inadequate response and examines how modern digital tools, including social media and gaming platforms, have accelerated radicalization
Michael Walzer’s Equality in the Context for the Undocumented in Healthcare
No full textTania Martinez applies Michael Walzer’s theory of equality to the real-world challenges faced by undocumented immigrants seeking healthcare in the United States. Drawing from Walzer’s argument that money should remain within its own “sphere of wealth” and not dictate access to social goods like healthcare, the essay explores how economic status unjustly shapes medical accessibility. Despite reforms like the Affordable Care Act, Martinez highlights how undocumented immigrants remain excluded from meaningful coverage due to federal restrictions, systemic fear, and the erosion of protections. Arguing that healthcare should be distributed by need rather than citizenship or economic standing, Martinez critiques both the moral and structural inequalities that continue to marginalize immigrant populations. She concludes that true liberty cannot exist without equality, reinforcing Walzer’s claim that a just society must ensure fair access to essential services
Anarchism Throughout History and Whether Anarchism is Radical
No full textJack Textor delivers a detailed and thoughtful examination of anarchism as both a historical and ideological movement. The essay distinguishes between social anarchism and individualist anarchism, tracing their philosophical roots, core beliefs, and differing views on human nature, government, and social responsibility. Drawing from political theorists like Leo Tolstoy and Mikhail Bakunin, Textor explores methods employed by anarchists, from pacifism to violent revolution, and discusses how each reflects the broader goals of creating a society free from coercive institutions. The essay also questions whether anarchism, in its intent and methods, should be classified as a radical ideology, ultimately suggesting that it can be — depending on the actor and their chosen means of change. In its closing, the paper situates anarchism in the context of recent U.S. events such as the Capitol riots, highlighting the ambiguity of labeling and the evolving nature of political trust and ideology
Teenage Pregnancy and Poverty
No full textTeenage pregnancy is a significant factor contributing to poverty among women in Ghana. This article explores the link between poverty and teenage pregnancy, highlighting the consequences of unplanned pregnancies for young girls, such as dropping out of school and facing societal stigma. The stigma surrounding teenage pregnancy in Ghana forces many unmarried girls to abandon their education, perpetuating the cycle of poverty. The lack of formal education among women makes it challenging for them to access better job opportunities, hindering upward social mobility. Early marriages and subsequent domestic violence further exacerbate the economic hardships faced by young mothers. The article argues that empowering teenage mothers with resources and education can break the cycle of poverty and contribute to social and economic growth in the country. Comprehensive sex education and access to birth control measures are crucial in preventing teenage pregnancies. The article suggests that long-term investments in women's education and empowerment are essential for effectively eradicating poverty in Ghana and other developing countries
Management of a Cover-up: The Secrecy Behind the 1954 Guatemalan Coup
No full textA discussion of the 1954 CIA-sponsored coup in Guatemala, codenamed PBSUCCESS. Despite gradual declassification of related documents, the full details remain undisclosed. The coup was driven by fears of communism amid the Cold War, triggered by Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán's agrarian reform ambitions. Various historians have examined the coup's complexities, and their research sheds light on the tactics employed by the U.S., including covert and psychological operations for both the coup and the subsequent cover-up. Different authors present varied perspectives on the coup, analyzing motives and actions. The U.S. used planted evidence and manipulation to distance themselves from the coup's responsibility and shift blame to communists. Despite their belief in protecting the hemisphere from communism, the U.S. invested significant effort in the cover-up
Nutrient-Exercise Timing: A Treatment Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
No full textNutrient-exercise timing's significance as a treatment method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and obesity is explored in this study. It delves into the impact of exercise timing relative to mealtime on glycemic responses and insulin sensitivity. The circadian rhythm and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) play crucial roles in regulating glucose and insulin secretion. Emphasizing the importance of exercise before carbohydrate consumption, the study reveals its potential to enhance lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Proper nutrient-exercise timing could be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat insulin resistance and metabolic disorders in patients with Type 2 DM and obesity
Title Page
No full textThe Undergraduate Review is a publication of the Honors College at the Rutgers University-Camden. The views expressed in The Undergraduate Review are solely those of the contributors and should not be attributed to the editorial staff, the Honors College, or to Rutgers University
Editor's Introduction
No full textThe Honors College at Rutgers University-Camden is delighted to introduce its second edition of The Undergraduate Review for the Fall of 2020—an academic journal by the students, for the students. The Undergraduate Review provides an exciting platform for the students to publish their academic and creative work and to get noticed by thousands of their fellow campus members as well as the staff and faculty at Rutgers University-Camden