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Resilience Against Risk: Strengths-Based Protective Factors Promote Academic Success in Elementary Students
No full textPrevious research identifies the negative outcomes associated with behavioral and emotional risk (BER) and experiences of trauma in childhood. Studies have shown that elevated BER and experiences of trauma are connected to poor academic performance, as well as other maladaptive behavioral outcomes (Martinez et al., 2014; Perfect et al., 2016; Ray et al., 2020; Renshaw et al., 2009). However, these constructs have not been inspected within a strengths-based perspective, considering resilience and social-emotional assets as protective factors against academic failure. The current study assessed the role protective factors play in elementary students� academic performance within the context of BER and trauma symptomology with the goal of informing universal screening practices in the school setting. An existing data set was used to examine the proposed research questions. Findings suggested that protective factors significantly moderated the relationships between BER and academic performance in math and English language arts (ELA) and trauma and academic performance in math and ELA. Protective factors had unique impacts on each assessed relationship. Limitations, future directions, and practical implications are discussed
Essays in Health Economics - Habit Formation and Physician Referral
No full textThis dissertation examines two consumer and provider behaviors in the health care market � habit formation and physician referral. The existence, extent, and the determinants of these behaviors have profound implications on health policy making.In the first chapter, I extend the literature on habit formation to the theory of health capital and utilization of health care services. Using the Grossman model of health capital, I show that habitual preferences imply intertemporal dependency in utilization and the resistance of demand to price shocks. Using panel data from the Health and Retirement Study I exploit the known biases of OLS and fixed effect estimators in the dynamic panel model setting to bound estimates from the Arellano-Bond model. I find evidence of intertemporal dependency in the use of prescription drugs and dental care visits, but not several other health care services. By leveraging data on episodes of care from the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, I demonstrate that the main findings are not an artifact of supplier-induced demand. I then exploit the exogenous price change in health care services due to Medicare enrollment at age 65 to show that the use of nursing home nights, prescription drugs and dental visits, as well as several preventive care services respond slowly to price shocks. My findings suggest that policies designed to nudge consumption could have long term effects on health care utilization. In the second chapter, I use national physician-pair panel data to assess the effect of switching electronic health record (EHR) developers on patient-sharing patterns among outpatient primary care physicians and specialists. To address the potential endogeneity of individual physicians� preferences for specific EHR developers, I exploit EHR switching decisions made by the physicians� affiliated hospitals. I show that primary care physicians (PCP) increase their referrals to same-developer specialists by 5.3% after switching to a new EHR developer. My results imply EHR market agglomeration and a potential misallocation of referrals across specialists of different qualities. In the last chapter, I investigate the gender gap in response to EHR switching. Although researchers and policymakers have highlighted a persistent gender gap, little is known about whether gender plays a role in disparate responses to changes in the work environment. Utilizing a national primary care physician referral panel data, I measure the impact of EHR developer switching on physician referral networks. I model the gender gap in referral behaviors as treatment effect heterogeneity and obtain estimates from double machine learning causal forests. I find that men, generally, maintain more connections with other professionals and adapt to technological changes more readily than women. This pattern is consistent among less-experienced physicians and those affiliated with smaller hospitals. However, the gender gap diminishes and even reverses among physicians in the top experience and hospital size deciles
Computational Study of Seawater Desalination Using Hollow Fiber Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
No full textComputational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to examine transport phenomena in a direct contact membrane distillation module comprised of hollow fibers (HF-DCMD) for desalination applications. Navier-Stokes, mass, and energy transport equations were used to simulate three-dimensional steady laminar flows. The Dusty Gas model calculates the vapor transport through the membrane in HF-DCMD modules. The vapor pressure difference between the two sides (lumen and shell) induced by the temperature difference drives the vapor transport. The effect of membrane properties and thickness on the membrane flux performance and the temperature and concentration polarization characteristics was assessed. The findings showed that hollow fiber membranes using direct contact membrane distillation configuration are more sensitive to the membrane thickness than other parameters. Moreover, an investigation of the effect of the feed inlet and outlet on the HF-DCMD module performance was carried out. The results prove that when the feed water flows parallel to the hollow fiber, it performs better than when the inlets or outlets are placed at the sidewalls of the shell. The effect of the packing density of fibers in the shell on the module performance was investigated. The outcomes demonstrated that the performance of the HF-DCMD module at a higher packing ratio was affected considerably, especially at a lower feed flow rate. The length degradation in highly packed HF-DCMD was investigated using modules with various lengths. It was demonstrated that temperature and concentration polarizations profoundly influence the module performance as the module length increases. Fins as a parallel flow disruptor were used to mitigate polarizations and increase vapor flux by enhancing mixing. Fins improve vapor flux by about 10%, and decrease polarization by 7%
Design of a Parabolic Trough Collector Solar Field for a Pilot CO₂ Capture Plant from Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant Flue Gas
No full textTOI-4600 b and c: Two Long-period Giant Planets Orbiting an Early K Dwarf
No full textAbstract
We report the discovery and validation of two long-period giant exoplanets orbiting the early K dwarf TOI-4600 (V = 12.6, T = 11.9), first detected using observations from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) by the TESS Single Transit Planet Candidate Working Group. The inner planet, TOI-4600 b, has a radius of 6.80 ± 0.31 R
⊕ and an orbital period of 82.69 days. The outer planet, TOI-4600 c, has a radius of 9.42 ± 0.42 R
⊕ and an orbital period of 482.82 days, making it the longest-period confirmed or validated planet discovered by TESS to date. We combine TESS photometry and ground-based spectroscopy, photometry, and high-resolution imaging to validate the two planets. With equilibrium temperatures of 347 K and 191 K, respectively, TOI-4600 b and c add to the small but growing population of temperate giant exoplanets that bridge the gap between hot/warm Jupiters and the solar system’s gas giants. TOI-4600 is a promising target for further transit and precise RV observations to measure the masses and orbits of the planets as well as search for additional nontransiting planets. Additionally, with Transit Spectroscopy Metric values of ∼30, both planets are amenable for atmospheric characterization with JWST. Together, these will lend insight into the formation and evolution of planet systems with multiple giant exoplanets.</jats:p
Changes in local interaction rules during ontogeny underlie the evolution of collective behavior
No full textApplying the Brocher Declaration to short-term experiences in global health in dental education
No full textParticipating in Short-Term Experiences in Global Health (STEGHs) has become an increasingly popular way for dental students to learn about the global burden of disease and health inequalities by traveling to a low-income community. However, there is little information available in the dental education literature providing guidelines on best practices for STEGHs. Often little is known about the local dental practice laws and ethics guidelines. One useful resource is the Brocher Declaration. The Brocher Declaration, created by the Advocacy for Global Health Partnerships (AGHP), is a comprehensive document outlining best practices for developing ethical and sustainable global health partnerships. The six guiding principles are: (1) mutual partnership with bidirectional input and learning, (2) empowered host country and community-defined needs and activities, (3) sustainable programs and capacity building, (4) compliance with applicable laws, ethical standards, and code of conduct, (5) humility, cultural sensitivity, and respect for all involved, and (6) accountability for actions. The principles of the Brocher declaration can serve as a foundation for ethics and sustainability and can be easily applied to STEGHs in dental education. The authors present a set of recommendations specific to each principle to guide dental schools in offering STEGHs to their students. Participating in STEGHs represents a unique opportunity for students to learn about the global burden of oral disease, its risk factors, and the population and public health strategies to reduce oral disease in diverse populations. When done ethically, they may serve as a spark for students to become future leaders in global health.</jats:p
Elliptic Flow of Heavy-Flavor Decay Electrons in Au+Au Collisions at sNN‾‾‾√ = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
No full textCrispr strategies for stem cell engineering: a new frontier in musculoskeletal regeneration
No full textA High-Eccentricity Warm Jupiter Orbiting TOI-4127
No full textAbstract
We report the discovery of TOI-4127 b, which is a transiting, Jupiter-sized exoplanet on a long-period (
P
=
56.39879
‚àí
0.00010
+
0.00010
days) and a high-eccentricity orbit around a late F-type dwarf star. This warm Jupiter was first detected and identified as a promising candidate from a search for single-transit signals in TESS Sector 20 data, and was later characterized as a planet following two subsequent transits (TESS Sectors 26 and 53) and follow-up ground-based RV observations with the NEID and SOPHIE spectrographs. We jointly fit the transit and RV data to constrain the physical (
R
p
=
1.096
‚àí
0.032
+
0.039
R
J
,
M
p
=
2.30
‚àí
0.11
+
0.11
M
J
) and orbital parameters of the exoplanet. Given its high orbital eccentricity (
e
=
0.7471
‚àí
0.0086
+
0.0078
), TOI-4127 b is a compelling candidate for studies of warm Jupiter populations and of hot Jupiter formation pathways. We show that the present periastron separation of TOI-4127 b is too large for high-eccentricity tidal migration to circularize its orbit, and that TOI-4127 b is unlikely to be a hot Jupiter progenitor unless it is undergoing angular momentum exchange with an undetected outer companion. Although we find no evidence for an external companion, the available observational data are insufficient to rule out the presence of a perturber that can excite eccentricity oscillations and facilitate tidal migration.</jats:p