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Optimization Of Self-Reacting Point Absorber And Power Take-Off System In Real Ocean Conditions
No full textWave energy converters (WEC) are devices developed to extract energy from ocean waves which are under explored areas in renewable energy. The power performance of floating WECs is typically performed under regular wave conditions or using standard ocean spectrum models with one peak. The present study explores the effect of device geometry of a self-reacting point absorber (SRPA) for real wave spectrum having multiple peaks. In addition, the geometry and power take off (PTO) of the SRPA system are optimized under real wave ocean conditions. Most optimization studies use the maximum absorbed power as a cost function to determine the optimized dimensions of the WEC. However, the maximum absorbed power is period dependent and optimizes the system for a selected wave period; as a result such techniques do not translate to operations under real sea-states. Therefore, a novel cost function that estimates the total absorbed power over a wave period under real wave conditions is used and allows to optimize the SRPA collectively for all wave periods. In the current research, different float and torus designs are evaluated to alter the cut-off frequency of the SRPA to extract more power in operating wave periods representative of two real ocean sites. A float with a damping plate was more suitable for higher wave periods, while a slender body float was preferred for lower wave periods. Increasing the torus outer diameter increased the absorbed power by 20% for low wave period, while the absorbed power was reduced by 5% for a high wave period site. The modified SRPA with slender body float showed a four-fold increase in annual energy production compared to regular wave conditions for the low wave period site. For the high wave period sea site, a modified SRPA with a damping plate showed a 6% increase in annual energy production. Further, the SPRA with damping plate float is optimized using genetic algorithm technique and novel cost function under real wave conditions. The novel cost function optimized SRPA showed a 60% increase in power capture performance compared to maximum absorbed power optimization. In addition, individually and combined optimized SRPAs with novel cost function showed a 7% and 47% increase in annual energy production compared to the SRPAs optimized with maximum absorbed power. The power capture performance of a self-reacting point absorber (SRPA) is evaluated for individual components of a hydraulic PTO system under real wave conditions. The SRPA with hydraulic PTO system reduces the capital and maintenance cost by separating the WEC motion and power generation and delivering constant power output for varying ocean conditions. The absorbed power of SRPA shows a parabolic trend with changing hydraulic piston area, whereas the rectification factor increases linearly with increasing hydraulic piston area. The absorbed power increases with increasing high-pressure accumulator volume and rotational speed of the hydraulic motor. In contrast, the rectification factor increases with the increasing volume of the high-pressure accumulator chamber and decreases with hydraulic motor speed. A response surface methodology based optimization method is then used to optimize the individual components of the hydraulic PTO system. The hydraulic PTO system is optimized with two approaches: multi-objective optimization, where the PTO system is optimized for maximum energy flux and minimum rectification factor, and maximum energy flux only. The results are then compared to the commonly used hydraulic PTO component specifications. The hydraulic PTO system optimized with a multi-objective function showed a 33% increase in annual energy production. The hydraulic PTO system optimized with only energy flux showed a 99% increase in annual energy production. The study shows that while the geometry of the SRPA determines the operating period, the PTO parameters can be varied to determine the operating bandwidth
Domain Specific Architectural Support to improve Security, Persistence, and Performance in General-Purpose Microprocessors
No full textDomain-specific architecture are designed to address specific needs or problems of a specific domain, or industry. These architectures are customized to meet constraints, special requirements, and respective domain goals. General-purpose microprocessors are designed to be versatile across different applications.Modern microprocessors cannot extract maximum performance from the domain-specific application. Domain-specific architectures tailor the memory subsystem and employ specialized pipeline stages specific to the application domain. The demand for domain-specific applications related to security, persistent memory, and real-time analytics goes beyond spatial locality performance. This dissertation aims to facilitate an efficient persistent data path from the processor to the persistent memory device, data protection among different processes, and performance improvement for real-time analytics.CPU cache side-channel attacks can occur during execution or after program termination by observing the memory access patterns of the victim program. Previous work employs cache partition between different processes or specialized buffers to hold data blocks issued by the speculative load to mitigate cache-based side-channel attacks, adversely affecting overall performance. This dissertation introduces a new software-managed hardware cache parallel to the L1 data cache to enable efficient data-aware cache hierarchy management. This allows the secret data to be stored in a private space closer to the core, thus improving the overall security and performance of the system.Furthermore, with commercially available persistent memory devices, there has been increasing demand for domain-specific architecture designs for persistent memory. Moreover, persistent memory guarantees failure atomicity, requiring CLWB and fence instruction to enforce write-back orders as the caches are non-volatile. Prior works have introduced last-level cache buffers and simple fence instructions to accelerate persistent memory applications. This dissertation identifies commonalities in persistent and security domain application requirements. Furthermore, it uses a unified software-managed hardware cache to accommodate both domains, thus enhancing the versatility of the general-purpose microprocessors to support these emerging domains effectively.Although software-managed cache improves the security and persistence of general-purpose microprocessors, the performance issue for real-time analytics involving evolving graphs still exists. Many critical AI applications use evolving graphs to model complex relationships that change over time. The source of irregular access patterns in evolving graphs arrives from fundamental data-dependent access (graph traversal) and vertex/edges addition/deletion over time. Due to large data sets that can not fit into cache levels, caching shows minimal performance improvement for evolving graph applications. Prefetching can overlap the miss penalty of irregular memory accesses with ongoing computation, thus minimizing the impact of memory latency on the performance of evolving graph applications. Prior works have used temporal correlation to memorize the access pattern that happened in the past and use them to prefetch in the future. These works have limited adaptability to constant changes in evolving graphs, increased cache pollution due to the non-contextual correlation between access patterns, and large metadata overhead. This dissertation introduces software-assisted hardware prefetcher and compressed metadata management to establish adaptability to evolving graph changes, context correlation between access patterns, and bandwidth-efficient memory storage, thus improving evolving graph application performance
A Study of the Thermomechanical Properties and Delamination Behavior of Adhered Membranes
No full textRoofing membranes composed of synthetic rubber or thermoplastic materials are often adhered to underlying substrates. Solar radiative heating during service causes thermal expansion of the membrane, places the adhesive layer under significant stress, and yields a wrinkle delamination failure mode. Similar thermally induced wrinkling is noted in the literature for geomembranes; previous studies have shown wrinkle size and frequency to be dependent on adhered layer thickness and modulus, and on the toughness of the adhesive bond (4, 22, 23, 36, 37). Adhesive bond toughness depends largely on the ability of the adhesive bulk to dissipate energy during debonding. Adhesive materials are viscoelastic in nature, and the rate and temperature dependence of the dissipation mechanisms makes them suitable for rheological evaluation. In this study, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations with varying amounts of crosslinker are evaluated according to two models from the literature. A model attributed to Deplace et al. (16) is applied to shear rheology results to show that adhesive with no crosslinker has the highest dissipation factor, tan?(?)/G\u27(?), while maintaining strain hardening at large strain, according to a Mooney-Rivlin analysis of tensile experiments. This conclusion is consistent with high energy dissipation as evidenced by large area under the tack stress-strain curve. A second method, adapted from the work of Taghizadeh and Ghasemi (17), accounts for temperature delta between bonding and debonding and predicts the adhesive with 0.25% crosslinker to have the highest dissipation potential. Thermal expansion of the adhered membrane is found to be anisotropic but, on average, is predicted well by the literature models. The results of large-scale application tests are consistent with the Taghizadeh and Ghasemi model – delamination is least prevalent for the adhesive with 0.25% crosslinker. Cohesive failures are observed in the adhesive without crosslinker, indicating that significant dissipation occurred but strain hardening may be insufficient. Future studies may improve on present methods by further examining strain hardening through the Mooney-Rivlin model and formulating with finer crosslinker concentration resolution. Parallel studies may examine the contributions of membrane emissivity and heat capacity to expansion and attempt to apply the dissipation models to differing adhesive chemistry
Application of Virtual Mechanical Testing on Clinical Bone Fractures
No full textMechanical Characterization of Bone Quality in Distal Femur Fractures using Pre-Operative Computed Tomography Scans: The main findings from this study was that the median patient age of the 43 cases reviewed was 72 years (IQR = 57 – 81), with 26% males and 74% females. The Young\u27s modulus in the distal femur was negatively correlated with patient age (R2=0.50, p\u0026lt;0.001). The distribution of patient-specific modulus values was also compared with the compressive modulus ranges for graded polyurethane foams according to ASTM F1839. Bone quality ranged from Grade 25 in younger individuals to Grade 5 in older individuals. These results indicated that no single grade of synthetic polyurethane foam can be used to model all clinically important scenarios for biomechanical testing of distal femur fracture fixation devices. Rather, this data can be used to select an appropriate material for a given clinical scenario. A Grade 25 foam is appropriate for implant longevity, whereas for implant stability, a Grade 5-15 is more appropriate. An Adaptable Computed Tomography-Derived Three-Dimensional-Printed Alignment Fixture Minimizes Errors in Radius Biomechanical Testing: In this study we demonstrated the functionality of a novel, customizable alignment and potting fixture for long bone testing by comparing benchtop torsional test results to specimen-matched finite element models and found a strong correlation (R2 = 0.95, p\u0026lt;0.001). Additional computational models were used to estimate the impact of malalignment on mechanical behavior in both torsion and axial compression. Results confirmed that torsion testing is relatively robust to alignment artifacts, with absolute percent errors less than 8% in all malalignment scenarios. In contrast, axial testing was highly sensitive to setup errors, experiencing absolute percent errors up to 50% with off-center malalignment and up to 170% with angular malalignment. This suggests that whenever appropriate, torsion tests should be used preferentially as a summary mechanical measure. When more challenging modes of loading are required, pre-test clinical-resolution CT scanning can be effectively used to create potting fixtures that allow for precise pre-planned specimen alignment. This may be particularly important for more sensitive biomechanical tests (e.g. axial compressive tests) that may be needed for industrial applications, such as orthopedic implant design. Boundary Conditions Matter - Impact of Test Setup on Inferred Construct Mechanics in Plated Distal Femur Osteotomies: The literature review conducted in this study highlighted the variability in reported outcome parameters. Reported literature values for axial stiffness of laterally plated distal femur osteotomies ranged from 49.3 to 8,736 N/mm. The finite element results showed that construct mechanical performance was highly sensitive to boundary conditions imposed by the mechanical test fixtures. Increasing the degrees of constraint, for example by potting and rigidly clamping one or more ends of the specimen, caused up to a 25x increase in axial stiffness of the construct. The imposed boundary conditions showed a larger effect on the axial stiffness than bridge span. The largest mean difference in axial stiffness between configuration sets was 7,439 ± 2 N/mm (potted/potted vs acetabular cup/cardanic) while the largest mean difference in axial stiffness between bridge span sets was only 1,022 ± 18 N/mm (31mm vs 136mm bridge spans). Transverse motion and gap closure at the fracture line, which is an important driver of interfragmentary strain, was also largely influenced by the constraint test setup. These results suggest that caution should be used when comparing reported results between bench tests that use different fixtures and that standardization of testing methods are needed in this field. Rethinking the 10% Strain Rule in Fracture Healing: A Distal Femur Fracture Case Series: In this study, finite element modeling was used to assess the 3D interfragmentary strain in a case series of naturally occurring distal femur fractures treated with lateral plating under load conditions representative of the early post-operative period. The simulations showed that gap strains were within 2-10% only for the lowest load application level, 20% static body weight (BW). Moderate loading of 60% static BW and above caused gap strains that far exceeded 10%, but in all cases, strains in the periosteal region external to the fracture line remained low. Comparing these findings with post-operative radiographs suggests that in vivo secondary healing of distal femur fractures may be robust to early gap strains much greater than 10% because formation of new bone is initiated outside the gap where strains are lower, followed by later consolidation within the gap. CT-Derived Virtual Mechanical Assessment of Bone Healing in Clinically Diagnosed Tibial Nonunions: In this study, a dual-zone material model was developed, implemented, and then compared to the more traditional single zone material model on two tibial model cohorts; normal healers and nonunions. A two-way mixed ANOVA revealed that the main effect of the dual-zone material model resulted in a statistically significant difference in axial stiffness (p\u0026lt;0.0005) and in von Mises strain (p\u0026lt;0.0005). The mean difference in axial stiffness and von Mises strain between the two material models was 1.193 ± 0.115 (Nm²/deg) [mean ± standard error], p\u0026lt;0.0005 and 0.009±0.001 (mm/mm), p\u0026lt;0.0005, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in axial stiffness (p=0.287) and von Mises strain (p=0.558) between the normal healing group and the nonunion group. These results indicate that the single zone material model is overpredicting the mechanical properties of the elements located in the soft callus regions thus artificially stiffening the nonunion models. Additionally, nonunion models that had a scan captured a median of 51 weeks from injury behaved similarly to models of normal healing tibia\u27s which were captured 12 weeks from injury. This suggests that nonunion intervention may be more effective if undertaken as early as possible, before rigidity has been achieved. Development and Validation of a Virtual Mechanical Test for Distal Femur Fracture Healing: The results from the virtual test of an intact distal femur compared to a "slowly healing" distal femur indicates that the VASA score is capable of capturing the difference in healing responses, compensate for baseline differences between individuals, and can be interpretable by individuals without an engineering background. Acquisition of CT scans of healing fractures with conventional bridge plating and far cortical locking is needed in order to verify that this score can also detect differences between healing results for different fixation groups
Is the Mug Half Empty? Evaluating Economic Development Theory, Producer Vulnerability, and the Future of Coffee in Bududa, Uganda
No full textThis thesis investigates the relationships between coffee consumers, who largely reside in the global north, and coffee producers, who largely reside in the global south. In asserting that patterns of unequal exchange exist today as vestiges of colonial relationships, I critique the conventional doctrine of development. I assess the impacts of trade liberalization, privatization, and other neoliberal economic reforms through 32 in-depth, qualitative interviews of community members in Bududa, Uganda. I also investigate the impacts of neoliberal reforms on the government\u27s response to climate change and decreasing land availability. I find that community members face mounting vulnerability in the face of changing circumstances, which the government is unable or unwilling to address. By neglecting the constraints imposed on both small farmers and governments by the current economic system, economists and theorists may miss serious threats to coffee\u27s future. As Uganda\u27s youth bulge enters their productive lives, many, unsatisfied with the current patterns of unequal exchange and volatility, will withdraw from coffee production
Multicultural Competence and Social Justice Advocacy on Behalf of Immigrants
No full textAbstractImmigrants make up a substantial portion of the United States population and face unique stressors that affect their mental health and well-being (Chung et al., 2011). To better serve immigrants, training opportunities and implementation of culturally competent clinical practices in doctoral graduate programs and professional practice are needed. Most research on competencies (Barden et al., 2017; Chao, 2013; Collins, 2015) have focused on examining the associations between multicultural awareness and multicultural knowledge and counselor�s demographic characteristics (i.e., race, ethnicity, gender). Less research has focused on investigating the relationships among the aspirational competencies (i.e., multicultural awareness, multicultural knowledge, multicultural skills, action) and psychologists� immigration identity as it relates to advocacy on behalf of immigrant clients. Grounded in the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (MSJCC) framework, the current study tested a latent path model using Mplus version 8.7 (Muthen & Muthen, 2021) and examined the relationships between participants� immigration identity and the aspirational competencies and social justice advocacy on behalf of immigrants among training and practicing psychologists. The present study found that multicultural knowledge positively predicted action but not social justice advocacy. Multicultural skills positively predicted social justice advocacy but not action. Multicultural knowledge and skills were positively associated. Participants� immigrant identity positively predicted multicultural skills and action but not multicultural knowledge or social justice advocacy on behalf of immigrants. Limitations, research and clinical implications are discussed
Sum List Vertex Arboricity and Decycling Number of Cylinder Graphs
No full textThe study of graph coloring has developed many generalizations and variationsthroughout its history. Notably, vertex arboricity involves coloring such that the vertices of the same color induce graphs without any cycles. Furthermore, list vertex arboricity introduces the idea of providing lists of allowable colors for each vertex, from which the colors for the graph must be chosen whilst still not creating any monochromatic cycles. Given a function that assigns each vertex a list size, that function is called arborable if the graph can be colored using any lists of those particular sizes, still requiring that cycles not be given the same color. Now, the sum list vertex arboricity of a graph is the minimum sum of vertex sizes over all arborable functions of that graph. In this dissertation, we investigate the sum list vertex arboricity for cylinder graphs and disprove a conjecture proposed in a paper by Drgas-Burchardt and Drzystek, ultimately determining the sum list vertex arboricity for C4?Pm. Along the way, we present an outline and tools that can be generalized for finding the sum list vertex arboricity of other graphs while also giving some insight into the value for other cylinder graphs. On a separate note, a set S is a called a decycling set if its removal from a graph G causes the remaining graph to be void of any cycles. Further, the decycling number of G gives the minimum cardinality among all decycling sets of G. Due to a natural connection to sum list vertex arboricity, and due to the lack of knowledge surrounding the decycling number of cylinder graphs, we investigate and give the decycling number for various specific cylinders. This investigation helps to bridge the literature on decycling grids and tori graphs and furthers the research done in this interesting field
A Multi-Systemic, Person-Centered Analysis of Maternal Stress Physiology in Relation to Maternal Sensitivity in the Context of Infant Distress
No full textMaternal sensitivity, defined as mothers� capacity to recognize, interpret, and respond to their infants� cues of needs accurately and promptly (Ainsworth et al., 1978), has been empirically linked to infant outcomes across various developmental domains including infant cognitive and language development (Madigan et al., 2019; Rodrigues et al., 2021), socioemotional and behavioral competence (Cooke et al., 2022; Mount et al., 2010; Shaw et al., 2005), physiological regulation (Atkinson et al., 2013; Moore et al., 2009) and infant attachment (De Wolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997; Zeegers et al., 2017). However, very few studies have investigated the physiological underpinning of maternal sensitivity. The current study utilized latent profile analysis, a person-centered analytical method, to investigate patterns of maternal stress response, as indexed by the reactivity of both sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a context of infant distress, and potential associations between these patterns and different dimensions of maternal sensitivity. The sample included 228 primarily low-income, racially/ethnically diverse mothers and their 6-month-old infants. Findings revealed four distinct patterns of maternal stress response: (1) SNS activation, HPA inactivation, (2) dual activation, (3) HPA activation, SNS inactivation, and (4) dual inactivation. Further, it was found that for sensitivity to infant distress, mothers in both the �HPA activation, SNS inactivation� and the �dual inactivation� subgroups scored significantly higher than mothers in the �dual activation� subgroup. For positive regard, mothers in the �HPA activation, SNS inactivation� subgroup had significantly higher scores than mothers in either the �SNS activation, HPA inactivation� subgroup or the �dual activation� subgroup. Lastly, for intrusiveness, mothers whose HPA axis was activated in response to infant distress were 1.43 times more likely to show a lower level of intrusiveness than mothers whose HPA axis was not activated. Findings confirmed the adverse impact of SNS activation on positive dimensions of maternal sensitivity (i.e., sensitivity to distress, positive regard). Moreover, it was suggested that maternal HPA activation in a context of infant distress may serve an important purpose�to suppress SNS activation and thereby protect individuals from the damaging effect of the initial �fight or flight� response. Lastly, the current study highlighted the importance of a multi-system approach to examining both arms of the stress response system in the context of caregiving and suggested the utility of a person-centered analytical method when investigating maternal stress physiology
Numerical Analysis and Controlled-Load Testing of an Innovative Bridge Design Using a Modular Composite Steel Tee Concrete Deck System
No full textThis thesis provides a report on the study of an innovative highway bridge superstructure system termed Flex Beam, which was developed previously by Lehigh University in collaboration with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and Modjeski and Masters, Inc. for short-span highway bridge applications. The system is comprised of inverted steel tee sections embedded in a concrete deck. An innovative mechanism for interface shear transfer between steel and concrete is provided by transverse deck reinforcement bars which pass through drilled holes near the tops of the steel tee webs. The first Flex Beam bridge was constructed in Erie County, within PennDOT District 1, in 2021. This Flex Beam demonstration bridge carries Pageville Road over the West Branch of the Cussewago Creek. The bridge, consisting of ten (inverted steel tee section) units, has a span of 32 feet and width (from out-to-out) of 26 feet. This study assessed experimentally and numerically the in-situ performance of the Flex Beam demonstration bridge. After instrumenting the bridge (with strain gauges and displacement sensors), the response of the Flex Beam bridge to controlled-load testing and typical traffic loading was measured. The controlled-load testing used a heavy truck of known dimensions and weight. The response of the Flex Beam bridge was assessed relative to the response anticipated from typical design and analysis calculations, and from the previous research on the Flex Beam system. The ability of finite element analysis to capture the actual measured behavior of the bridge, under various levels of model refinement, was also assessed. Controlled-load testing showed that the Flex Beam system exhibits fully composite behavior, consistent with a plane-section transformed section analysis, in regions away from the bearings. Fully composite behavior was observed in regions near the bearings (i.e., there was no significant relative longitudinal displacement (or slip between the steel tee section and the composite deck), however a linear strain distribution over the height of the composite section was not observed (i.e., the plane-section assumption was not valid), as a result of interaction with the large concrete end diaphragms. The end diaphragms introduced some flexural restraint of the composite steel tee sections near the bearings, which produced a negative bending effect near the bearings and reduced the largest steel tee flange bottom bending stresses near mid-span. The Flex Beam bridge has semi-integral abutments, and comparisons of controlled-load testing results with finite element analysis results suggest that pressure from the roadway subbase and backfill behind the concrete end diaphragms causes greater flexural restraint in the bridge than expected from a finite element analysis without this pressure. Relative displacements between the steel tee sections and concrete deck were relatively small (less than 0.001 in.) indicating fully composite behavior. Dynamic amplification of the bridge response was found to be small (possibly a result of the smooth roadway conditions on and near the bridge). The response of the bridge from the controlled�load testing was consistent with the response expected from typical design and analysis calculations and with the results from previous research on the Flex Beam system. In general, the measured stresses were low. Monitoring of typical vehicular traffic over a period of six weeks showed that the structural response of the Flex Beam bridge was consistent with that observed from controlled-load testing. Strains and stresses were well below those measured during controlled-load testing with the largest observed values at approximately 65 percent of that attained from the test truck. The strains across the depth of the most heavily-loaded composite steel tee sections were shown to be consistent with the plane-section assumption typically used for analysis and design. Some of the data from events during the monitoring phase showed oscillations in mid-span flange bottom strain time-histories from vibration of the bridge, which was not observed during controlled-load testing, however, the stresses from these events were relatively small. The finite element analysis results indicate that the parapets and end diaphragms have a significant effect on the response of the Flex Beam system. Including these two features in the finite element analysis model reduced flange bottom stresses (at the highest stress locations) of the steel tee sections. As expected, the model details influenced the finite element analysis results. Results from solid (or brick) element models, which enabled the parapets and end diaphragms to be modeled accurately, showed relatively good agreement with controlled-load testing results. Shell element models, which made it difficult to accurately model the parapets and end diaphragms, provided larger (conservative) flange bottom stress results. The negative bending effect near the bearings (from restraint by the concrete end diaphragms) was captured by the solid element models. The solid element models also enabled the pressure from the roadway subbase and backfill behind the end diaphragms (from the semi-integral abutment condition) to be modeled. A conventional line-girder analysis, assuming a fully composite condition and plane-section behavior and using a transformed-section model, provided results similar to those from finite element analysis of a single Flex Beam unit (i.e., single steel tee section with composite deck). The load distribution factors recommended for design of the Flex Beam system, were shown to be quite conservative compared to results from controlled-load testing and FEA, and work to develop more accurate distribution factors is needed to reduce this conservatism
The structure, formation, and growth dynamics of the lattice of single crystal in glass
No full textLocal heating by laser irradiation has been demonstrated as a versatile method for fabricating single crystal architectures with microscale precision. The crystal lattice can be further engineered with intrinsic stresses and systemic lattice deformations due to the unique growth surrounded by glass. The ability to locally functionalize the glass with a crystal lattice engineered across several length scales make these materials particularly desirable for optical photonic, and quantum applications. In model Sb2S3 crystal formed in Sb-S-I glasses, formation of unpaired edge dislocations leads to growth of rotating lattice single (RLS) crystal. Despite the mechanistic understanding of systemic deformation, lattice curvature and orientation could not be predicted due to unknown crystallographic dependencies and orientation stochasticity during initial crystal formation. In this work, we address these concerns by expanding the dislocation-model to fully characterize lattice curvature and further develop techniques to investigate glass structure and lattice dynamics in situ during and before crystal formation.Using a new methodology, we fully characterize lattice curvature during initial and extended crystal growth. During the former, lattice curvature and dislocation density are maximized when growing in the same direction as predominant �[100] edge dislocation Burgers vector. Furthermore, we identify and characterize secondary lattice curvature components superimposed on the typical RLS crystal lattice curvature. These secondary components align the lattice over extended crystal growth towards preferred axes of rotation (i.e., <010> or <001>), which coincide with the predominant dislocation core directions. During and after alignment, persistent RLS crystal growth forms macroperiodic structures of lattice orientation, repeating every 20 � 140 �m. This periodicity extends throughout the lattice curvature, dislocation density and arrangement, and crystal depth. In the absence of other factors, the new macroperiodic growth is stable and may have unexplored potential applications. Crystal growth and formation were studied with complimentary time-resolved in situ electron and x-ray diffraction. Single crystal formation was extended to electron heating, where the alternative absorption mechanism of electrons allowed for expanded crystal morphological control and fabrication of nanoscale (~50 nm) single crystal architectures. Laser crystallization was further extended with an in situ energy-tunable monochromatic x-ray probe. Using in situ diffraction under both radiation sources, we demonstrate development of lattice curvature under scanning beam, and rigid body lattice rotation (~3�) during the first 5 � 10 s of lattice formation under static beam. Furthermore, a novel methodology was developed for acquiring time-resolved micro-extended x-ray absorption fine structure data to probe glass structure evolution preceding crystal formation under laser irradiation. From potential glass structural changes predicting lattice development through extended crystal growth and the development of macroperiodic RLS crystal structures, a timeline of observed phenomena responsible for lattice dynamics and curvature of single crystal in glass is presented as a tool to guide future fabrication processes