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Learning Wrong from White: The Roles of Anger and Psychological Control in Adolescent White Nationalism
No full textIn the United States, White nationalism and far-right extremism have become increasingly prevalent in mainstream political discourse in recent years (Piazza, 2023). Research into the psychological underpinnings of American White nationalism have emphasized the roles of White racial identity (Reyna et al., 2022), far-right political ideology (Giroux, 2017), and feelings of rage and fear due to the perception that racial outgroups are directly threatening the existence of White American culture (Durham, 2007). The developmental origins of political extremism may be traced to adolescence, a critical period for the formation of racial attitudes and identity (Quintelier, 2015). Politically conservative White American parents, especially those who are highly controlling of their adolescent children, may provide adolescents with racial and political socialization that shape the emotions and beliefs adolescents carry into adulthood (Allport, 1954; Galán et al., 2022). The goal of the current study was to investigate the latent construct of White nationalism in American adolescents, as well as to examine the relationship between adolescent White nationalism and perception of parental psychological control through the mediators of anger and threat perceptions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of online survey data collected from White American adolescent children of highly conservative parents (N = 100; Mage = 15.52) did not support the hypothesized single latent construct of White nationalism, and follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not reveal an alternative structure. Results from hierarchical regression models and path analyses indicated that perception of parental psychological control had significant effects on White nationalism, racial prejudice, and social dominance orientation (SDO). Additionally, psychological control had significant indirect effects on White nationalism through the mediator of anger. Findings suggest that there may be links between harsh and controlling parenting behavior and extremist attitudes in White adolescents, particularly through affective pathways
The implications of firms\u27 derivative usage on the frequency and usefulness of management earnings forecasts
No full textWe investigate how firms\u27 use of derivatives impacts voluntary disclosure and offer four main findings. First, we find that when firms begin using derivative instruments, they increase the frequency of management earnings forecasts. Second, using path analysis, we find a direct link between derivative usage and forecast frequency, as well as an indirect link through reduced earnings volatility. Third, we find that CEOs with more pronounced career concerns increase forecast frequency only when derivatives make earnings easier to forecast and find no evidence that investor demand drives the decision to provide a forecast. These results suggest that the primary mechanism for the association between derivative usage and forecast frequency is a reduction in the manager\u27s costs of providing the forecasts. Finally, we find that the majority of derivative‐induced forecasts are uninformative to capital market participants, especially after FAS 161 provided the necessary underlying data to understand how firms use derivatives. Overall, we provide the first empirical evidence that firms that use derivatives issue more management forecasts, but we also find that these incremental forecasts are largely uninformative and appear driven by managerial career concerns. , Résumé Les implications de l\u27utilisation de dérivés par les entreprises sur la fréquence et l\u27utilité des prévisions de résultats de la direction Les auteurs étudient l\u27impact de l\u27utilisation de dérivés par les entreprises sur la communication d\u27information facultative et formulent quatre conclusions principales. Premièrement, ils constatent que lorsque les entreprises commencent à utiliser des instruments dérivés, elles augmentent la fréquence des prévisions de résultats de la direction. Deuxièmement, en effectuant l\u27analyse de chemin, ils observent un lien direct entre l\u27utilisation de dérivés et la fréquence des prévisions, ainsi qu\u27un lien indirect par le biais d\u27une réduction de la volatilité des bénéfices. Troisièmement, ils notent que les PDG avec des préoccupations de carrière plus prononcées augmentent la fréquence des prévisions seulement lorsque les dérivés rendent les résultats plus faciles à prévoir et ils ne trouvent aucune donnée indiquant que la demande des investisseurs motive la décision d\u27établir une prévision. Ces résultats donnent à penser que le mécanisme principal de l\u27association entre l\u27utilisation de dérivés et la fréquence des prévisions est une réduction des couts encourus par le gestionnaire pour établir les prévisions. Enfin, les auteurs constatent que la majorité des prévisions induites par les dérivés sont peu informatives pour les participants du marché financier, notamment après que le FAS 161 ait fourni les données sous‐jacentes nécessaires pour comprendre comment les entreprises utilisent les dérivés. Dans l\u27ensemble, cette étude révèle les premières données empiriques indiquant que les entreprises utilisant des dérivés publient plus de prévisions de la direction, mais que ces prévisions supplémentaires sont également largement peu informatives et semblent motivées par les préoccupations de carrière des gestionnaires
Prospective view of nitride material synthesis
No full textThe field of nitride‐based materials is producing some of the most promising and interesting candidates for advanced technology applications. Novel formulations and polymorphs are of interest for applications requiring one or more of: high hardness, high oxygen resistance at elevated temperatures, catalytic action, semiconductor light sources, and (ultra‐)wide band gap electronics. The synthesis of nitrides with excellent single crystal structural quality of an appreciable size is challenging whether working in solution growth techniques like ammonothermal and flux growth, or in vapor deposition techniques. This paper presents a perspective on recent developments in equipment and techniques for single crystal nitride synthesis with a view toward progress anticipated in the next 5–10 years
One‐step site‐specific <i>S</i> ‐alkylation of full‐length caveolin‐1
No full textCaveolin‐1 is an integral membrane protein that is known to acquire a number of posttranslational modifications upon trafficking to the plasma membrane. In particular, caveolin‐1 is palmitoylated at three cysteine residues (C133, C143, and C156) located within the C ‐terminal domain of the protein which could have structural and topological implications. Herein, a reliable preparation of full‐length S ‐alkylated caveolin‐1, which closely mimics the palmitoylation observed in vivo, is described. HPLC and ESI‐LC‐MS analyses verified the addition of the C16 alkyl groups to caveolin‐1 constructs containing one (C133), two (C133 and C143), and three (C133, C143, and C156) cysteine residues. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis of the constructs revealed that S ‐alkylation does not significantly affect the global helicity of the protein; however, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that there were local regions where the helicity was altered positively or negatively by S ‐alkylation. In addition, the simulations showed that lipidation tames the topological promiscuity of the C ‐terminal domain, resulting in a disposition within the bilayer characterized by increased depth
Sleep Subdomain of the Sinonasal Outcome Test as a Potential Screening Tool for Sleep Apnea in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
No full textObjectives Approximately 20% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with undiagnosed OSA are at high risk for perioperative complications. The Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT‐22) Questionnaire is commonly administered to CRS patients, whereas OSA screening tools are less routinely employed. This study compared SNOT‐22 sleep subdomain (Sleep‐SNOT) scores among non‐OSA CRS versus OSA‐CRS patients undergoing ESS, and assessed sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the Sleep‐SNOT for OSA screening. Methods Retrospective review of patients that underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS from 2012 to 2021. Patients either carried a reported OSA diagnosis and completed the SNOT‐22, or had undocumented OSA status and completed both STOP‐BANG and SNOT‐22. Demographics, questionnaire scores, and OSA status were collected. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed cutoff scores, sensitivity, and specificity of the Sleep‐SNOT for OSA screening. Results Of 600 patients reviewed, 109 were included. 41% had comorbid OSA. OSA patients had a higher BMI (32.1 ± 7.7 vs. 28.35 ± 6.7 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.02), Sleep‐SNOT (21.96 ± 12.1 vs. 16.8 ± 11.2; p = 0.021) and STOP‐BANG (3.1 ± 1.44 vs. 2.06 ± 1.27; p = 0.038) scores. A Sleep‐SNOT score of 17.5 had a sensitivity of 68.9%, specificity of 55.7%, and diagnostic accuracy of 63% for OSA detection ( p = 0.022). Conclusions Sleep‐SNOT scores are greater for CRS‐OSA patients. The Sleep‐SNOT ROC curve demonstrates a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for OSA screening in CRS patients. A Sleep‐SNOT score of ≥17.5 should prompt further OSA evaluation. The Sleep‐SNOT may be considered as a surrogate OSA screening tool when other validated tools are not employed. Level of Evidence Retrospective chart review, Level 3 Laryngoscope , 133:2029–2034, 202
The flood that caused a drought
No full textTo determine how an exogenous supply shock affects product availability, prices, and price‐setting behavior, we analyzed a unique dataset representing a natural experiment concerning the 2011 flood in Thailand, which affected the production facilities of Western Digital, the world\u27s largest producer of hard drives. The natural disaster impacted the overseas inventory of hard drives in the United States, where availability declined by more than 40% and price indexes increased by as much as 38%. However, our findings suggest that such supply shocks, when transmitted to either substitute or complementary products, are likely to be absorbed within production networks
Emergent metallicity at the grain boundaries of higher-order topological insulators
No full textAbstractTopological lattice defects, such as dislocations and grain boundaries (GBs), are ubiquitously present in the bulk of quantum materials and externally tunable in metamaterials. In terms of robust modes, localized near the defect cores, they are instrumental in identifying topological crystals, featuring the hallmark band inversion at a finite momentum (translationally active type). Here we show that the GB superlattices in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional translationally active higher-order topological insulators harbor a myriad of dispersive modes that are typically placed at finite energies, but always well-separated from the bulk states. However, when the Burgers vector of the constituting edge dislocations points toward the gapless corners or hinges, both second-order and third-order topological insulators accommodate self-organized emergent topological metals near the zero energy (half-filling) in the GB mini Brillouin zone. We discuss possible material platforms where our proposed scenarios can be realized through the band-structure and defect engineering.</jats:p
Validating the Multi-Mode Model’s Ability to Reproduce Diverse Tokamak Scenarios
No full textA large-scale validation exercise was conducted to assess the multi-mode model (MMM) anomalous transport model in the integrated modeling code TRANSP. The validation included 6 EAST discharges, 17 KSTAR discharges, 72 JET ITER-like wall D-D discharges, and 4 DIII-D fusion plasma discharges. Using the MMM, the study computed anomalous thermal, particle, impurity, and momentum transport within TRANSP. Simulations for EAST, KSTAR, and JET focused on electron and ion temperatures and safety factor profiles, while DIII-D simulations also considered electron density, toroidal rotation frequency, and flow shear. The predicted profiles were compared to experimental data at the diagnostic time, quantifying the comparison using root-mean-square (RMS) deviation and relative offsets. The study found an average RMS deviation of 9.3% for predicted electron temperature and 10.5% for ion temperature, falling within the experimental measurement error range 20%. The MMM model demonstrated computational efficiency and the ability to accurately reproduce a wide range of discharges, including various scenarios and plasma parameters, such as plasma density, gyroradius, collisionality, beta, safety factor and heating method variations.</jats:p