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An Interview with Sanjay Subrahmanyam
Sanjay Subrahmanyam is Distinguished Professor and Irving and Jean Stone Endowed Chair in Social Sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles, where he teaches comparative history of early modern empires, the history of European expansion, and South Asian history. He is also Professor at the Collège de France in Paris, where he teaches the global history of the early modern period. His work addresses the economic, political, cultural, and intellectual entanglements of Europe and South-East Asia in the early modern world. Subrahmanyam was trained in Economic History at the Dehli School of Economics (PhD 1987), where he became a professor, before joining the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in 1995, and Oxford University in 2002. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Science and a member of the British Academy. His most important publications include: Europe’s India: Words, People, Empires, 1500-1800 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017); Courtly Encounters: Translating Courtliness and Violence in Early Modern Eurasia (Mary Flexner Lectures) (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012); The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), and The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500-1700: A Political and Economic History (London and New York: Longman, 1993; 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)
Phenomenological Empiricism
The aim of this paper is to compare Phenomenological Empiricism with two different kinds of Empiricism: Classical Empiricism (represented by Hume) and Logical Empiricism (represented by Schlick). Phenomenological Empiricism is at the same time a radical and sophisticated theory of experience, in which intentionality, ideation, material a priori, a complex notion of data and of intuition play a crucial role
Reference in Formal Semantics and Natural Language: A Methodological Route
In this paper, I will tackle the notion of reference of singular terms in the light of a classic analytic divide, i.e. whether its analysis, like the analysis of other basic notions, should be carried out in natural language or in the semantics of formal frameworks. I will incline toward the latter strategy, and consider reference in classical first-order logic as the simplest framework in which to investigate reference
Vulnerable Identities: Political Agency and the European Court of Human Rights Case Law
The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of the vulnerable group-based approach in the case law of European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). ECtHR mostly use the notion of vulnerability to identify, isolate and protect some specific groups of population. I will highlight two important effects of these policies: the construction and affirmation of stable identities and the consequent limitation of the political agency of the social actors through the boundaries defined by the list of the available vulnerable groups. I will conclude the paper by providing a different, multifaced conception of vulnerability meant to take into account at the same time its universality and its specificity
A Royal Charter Is Not Enough – How PM Professional Associations Can Continually Show the Value of Professionalisation to the Markets
The Association for Project Management (APM) is engaged in the process of raising the status and performance of Project Management (PM) in the UK. They have obtained a royal charter, regarded as the “locus of professionalisation”, but can the APM really assist PM to achieve “a world where all projects succeed”, when there is no provable link between professionalisation and performance of practitioners? This current claim alone (along with chartership) will not improve the profession’s market reputation, which also raises concerns regarding the APM tactics for growth by engaging practitioners and corporate partners. This article uses actor-network theory to re-frame a historical case of the major UK Cost Accounting Association (ICWA), identifying the tactics this association used to effectively represent the value of the occupation/profession and influence their markets. Parallels and recommendations are generated for the APM, research directions are proposed for PM professionalisation and associations’ tactics for building market value
Professional Boundaries in Transnational IT Workspaces
In this article, I analyse the formation of professional boundaries in the dynamic of globalisation and the internationalisation of work concentrating on the question of how professional boundaries emerge in transnational workspaces constituted by heterogeneous actors from different institutional and socio-cultural backgrounds. Theoretically, I depart from Abbott’s notion of ‘linked ecologies’ and focus on three dimensions of professionalism (the linkages between tasks and organised action or professional jurisdictions, the mechanisms for legitimating work or control over work and the search for professional identity) as basic mechanisms of professional boundaries formation in transnational workspaces. Retrospectively, I show focusing on the case of IT project management how employers and practitioners combining organisational and occupational professionalism contribute to form professional boundaries in workspaces that emerge in globalisation processes. Based on the research results and comparing them with the current situation of transnational IT project management, I conclude that the processes of formation of professional boundaries in the IT sector are historically situated in the first decade of the Twenty-first century
Prefazione
The international conference "Il Rinascimento delle grotte", which took place the February 22, 2019 in Villa Castello is part of a European programme concerning the origins and evolution of grottoes and nymphaeums in the modern period. The contributions published in this review throw new light on the specific character of the famous grotto degli animali as a technical and artistic masterpiece. They point out the narrow links of narrative, symbolical and mythological meaning serving as an instrument of princely self-representation. Furthermore, they focus on the history of the restorations of the grotto and particularly the recent interventions, which combine survey and diagnostic methods in a new way. On the other hand, there is an increasing interest regarding the influence of Florentine models of the late 16th and early 17th century in France and in Germany. The decoration of grottoes is a favourite subject in the letters of ambitious patrons requesting drawings and materials and even skilful craftsmen from the Grand Duke of Tuscany. So this typology became a significant article of exportation of Florentine culture with a strong impact on European art in the modern period
Le décor de la grotte de Noisy: résultat des fouilles de 2017
Albert de Gondi, Duke of Retz, had a grotto built in 1582 in the gardens of his château de Noisy (now in Bailly near Saint-Germain-en-Laye). Destroyed in 1732, it was known for its engraved views and long description. Its location, which did not subsequently change, is situated in a forest area, which made it possible to organise a first archaeological excavation in 2017. Among the main discoveries were a section of the decoration still in place, consisting of shells and rockeries, mouldings and decorative fragments, vaults in gilded and painted plaster, carved stones, and paving or hydraulic elements. The analysis of the remains, which is in progress, and the continuation of the excavations, planned for 2019, will make it possible to determine the origin of the materials and the methods of their construction in order to establish the links between the Grotto of Noisy and the Florentine origin of its commissioner and of its decorator
“Robbe di fontane per la Francia”: les matériaux de rocaille envoyés par Ferdinand Ier de Médicis à Henri IV
Recent discoveries in the State Archives of Florence shed a new light on the role of the Medicean artists, techniques and materials in the interplay of diplomatic relationship between Tuscany and France, a few years before Henri IV’s marriage to Maria de’ Medici. Between 1597 and 1601, numerous works of art were shipped in Paris with a very large quantity of plants, marble stones and decorative materials. This paper provides a detailed study of two shipments of minerals, cristals, seashells, corals and other marine ornaments which were specially prepared in Florence, at the request of Tommaso Francini, for the construction of artificial grottos and garden fountains in the royal mansions. It also considers the way these rocaille materials have been used in the grottos of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, highlighting a tendency at that time in France to treat rustic work as a simple technique of decoration in harmony with architecture, as exemplified by the still existing decoration of the “dry grotto” of the King’s Chapel Pavilion