DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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Emodepside targets SLO-1 channels of Onchocerca ochengi and induces broad anthelmintic effects in a bovine model of onchocerciasis
No full textOnchocerciasis (river blindness), caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus, is a neglected tropical disease mostly affecting sub-Saharan Africa and is responsible for > 1.3 million years lived with disability. Current control relies almost entirely on ivermectin, which suppresses symptoms caused by the first-stage larvae (microfilariae) but does not kill the long-lived adults. Here, we evaluated emodepside, a semi-synthetic cyclooctadepsipeptide registered for deworming applications in companion animals, for activity against adult filariae (i.e., as a macrofilaricide). We demonstrate the equivalence of emodepside activity on SLO-1 potassium channels in Onchocerca volvulus and Onchocerca ochengi, its sister species from cattle. Evaluation of emodepside in cattle as single or 7-day treatments at two doses (0.15 and 0.75 mg/kg) revealed rapid activity against microfilariae, prolonged suppression of female worm fecundity, and macrofilaricidal effects by 18 months post treatment. The drug was well tolerated, causing only transiently increased blood glucose. Female adult worms were mostly paralyzed; however, some retained metabolic activity even in the multiple high-dose group. These data support ongoing clinical development of emodepside to treat river blindness
Broadening the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism
No full textThe ecology of fear demonstrates how prey responses to avoid predation cause non-lethal effects at all ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with those of predators. We developed a framework for systematically answering this question for all types of predator and parasite systems. Our framework predicts that trait responses and their non-lethal effects should be strongest from predators and parasites that do not kill individuals to feed on them, but which nevertheless damage fitness. Analysing trait response data on amphibians, which have been well-studied for this area of research, showed that individuals generally responded more directly to short-term predation risks than to parasitism. Apart from studies using amphibians, there have been few direct comparisons of responses to predation and parasitism, and none have incorporated responses to micropredators, parasitoids, or parasitic castrators, or examined their long-term consequences. Addressing these and other data gaps highlighted by our general framework can advance the field toward understanding how non-lethal effects shape real food webs, which contain multiple predator and parasite species
Meteorites and extinctions supplementary data
No full textMeteorite impacts and extinction intensity over 600 Myrs, including: meteorite impact sizes, and impact ejecta blanket mineralogy
Prescribing indicators - Tigraleor (P_1_17)
No full textSummary
This indicator measures the number of Tigraleor that are prescribed on a quarterly basis by all practices in England, including GP practices. Numbers are given for the total number of items prescribed/dispensed and the total net ingredient cost (NIC) across areas of England.
Technical description
The data covers NHS prescriptions of Tigraleor (see Appendix I) written in England and dispensed in the community in the UK. Prescriptions written in England but dispensed outside England are included. The data includes prescriptions written by GPs and other non-medical prescribers (such as nurses and pharmacists) who are attached to GP practices.
To allocate the prescribed items to each LSOA area, the Patients registered at a GP practice at Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level was used. Patients Registered at a GP Practice dataset is a quarterly publication by NHS Digital and provides the count of patients by gender.
Additional information about the GP Practice Prescribing Chemical-level Data and Patients Registered at a GP Practice can be found at:
GP Practice Prescribing Chemical-level Data: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/practice-level-prescribing-data
Patients Registered at a GP Practice: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/patients-registered-at-a-gp-practic
GP Patient Survey Indicators: Continuity (GPPS_12_01)
No full textSummary
This indicator measures the percentage of surveyed respondents who report they are able to see or speak to the GP they prefer – always, almost always or a lot of the time.
Surveyed respondents were aged 18 years or older, and numbers are given since 2012, across areas of England.
Technical description
GP Patient Survey participants were asked to report on how often they see or speak to the GP they prefer (Question 9 within the questionnaire). The original response options were: Always or almost always; a lot of the time; some of the time; never or almost never; not tried at this GP surgery. For each GP practice, the responses for options ‘always, almost always or a lot of the time’ were summed and divided by the total number of responses for Question 9. The response ‘not tried at this GP surgery’ was classified as not applicable. Question 9 was asked only to those who reported that they had a particular GP they usually prefer to see or speak to. Weighted GP Patient Survey data by GP practice were provided by the data owners. These data were used to calculate weighted averages of the indicator by Lower Super Output Area (LSOA)
Local Authority Finance: Children's and Young People's Services (s251) - Sure Start Children's Centres and Early Years Services (FIN_07_51)
No full textSummary
The Children's and Young People's services indicators are derived from the Section 251 (s251) revenue outturn expenditure. This indicator describes how much Local Authorities in England spent in Sure Start Children's Centres and Early Years services annually since 2010.
Technical description
The Children's and Young People's Services expenditure indicators are derived from the Section 251 (s251) Table A1 revenue outturn expenditure. Total values regarding Sure Start Children’s Centres and Early Years Services have been identified and aggregated from the relevant datasets. Spending amounts are categorised in Own Provision, Private, Other Public and Voluntary Provision. Total values presented in this indicator report the Total (Gross) Expenditure, i.e. the sum of the above, and the Total Net Expenditure, i.e. the gross total minus the income generated through services. Values are presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Spending figures regard Upper Tier Local Authorities. Figures from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. Note that values were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Income - Central services (FIN_07_45)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the income generated from the provision of Central services by every Local Authority in England since 2007. Central services income is calculated from any sales, fees and charges, as well as other types of income that are associated with delivering such services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Central services income is calculated from the sum of a) sales, fees and charges and b) other types of income generated by these services, and thus does not include central government funding, capital gains or council tax. Income values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual income figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_45L), and Lower Tier LA income was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_45U). Income values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The services income generated is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Net Current Expenditure - Adult Social Care services (FIN_07_07)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual net expenditure for Adult Social Care services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2011. The net expenditure for Adult Social Care services is defined as the total (gross) Adult Social Care services expenditure minus any income that may be related to delivering these services, such as sales, fees and charges.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The net expenditure for Adult Social Care services is defined as the gross service expenditure minus any income that is related to delivering these services, in particular a) Sales, fees and charges and b) Other types of income. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_07L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_07U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per adult (age 18 years or more), for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Council Tax Requirement (FIN_07_58)
No full textSummary
This dataset describes the Council Tax Requirement calculated for every Lower Tier Local Authority in England for each financial year since 2002/2003. The council tax requirement is the amount of revenue a local authority needs to raise through council tax and calculated by deducting from its planned spending any funding from reserves, income it expects to raise, and funding it will receive from the Government.
Technical description
The Council Tax Requirement indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. Council Tax requirement is used to balance the net service expenditure, and many types of authorities receive income as council tax. Figures for Council Tax thus include values for both Upper Tier (UTLA) and Lower Tier (LTLA) Local Authorities. Other types of LAs that receive council tax include special/other authorities, such as Police and Fire and Rescue authorities. More recently, some Combined Authorities have also received income as Council Tax Requirement, e.g. the Greater Manchester Combined Authority. Note that from April 2013 onwards, council tax benefit, which provided help for low-income households with their council tax, was abolished and replaced with localised council tax support schemes. Until 2013, Council Tax Requirement was reported inclusive of any amount of council tax foregone due to benefits, and as such figures until 2012/13 are not comparable to those after 2013/14.
Figures have been calculated for Lower Tier LAs (FIN_07_58L) and Upper Tier LAs (FIN_07_58U). Values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Figures from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The Council Tax Requirement is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
The raw data of paper titled 'High-performance protonic ceramics fuel cell cathode using protophillic mixed ion and electron conducting material''
No full textThe raw data of paper titled 'High-performance protonic ceramics fuel cell cathode using protophillic mixed ion and electron conducting material', the raw data includes the XRD, I11, TGA and electrochemical property measurement
Abstract:
Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are attractive energy conversion devices for low-temperature operation (400-600 °C), however wide application of PCFCs requires new high-performance electrode and electrolyte materials. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.7Fe0.3O3-d (BSCF) was considered as a promising candidate for PCFC cathode, however, the chemical instability of BSCF under operating conditions and its poor compatibility with electrolyte materials have limited its application. Based on our previous study on a self-assembled nanocomposite perovskite, Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.7Fe0.3)0.6875W0.3125O3-d (BSCFW), here we report the electrochemical and protonic properties of BSCFW considered as a PCFC cathode material. BSCFW shows favourable thermodynamic and kinetic protonic behaviour, and the BSCFW single cell presents an excellent non-ohmic resistance of 0.172 Ω cm2 at 600 °C. Our comprehensive characterization of the protonic properties of BSCFW provides that our previous findings on phase-separation of BSCFW enables to use BSCF as a PCFC cathode by interplay of mixed-phase through W-doping and it provides important background for the systematic development of PCFC cathodes
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