DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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GP Patient Survey Indicators: Confidence and trust in GP (GPPS_12_03)
No full textSummary
This indicator measures the percentage of surveyed respondents who reported that they had no confidence or trust in the GP they last saw or spoke to from their surgery. Surveyed respondents were aged 18 years or older, and numbers are given since 2012, across areas of England.
Technical description
GP Patient Survey participants were asked to report on whether they had confidence and trust in the GP they last saw or spoke to from their surgery (Question 22 within the questionnaire). The original response options were: Yes, definitely; Yes, to some extent; No, not at all; Don’t know / can’t say. For each GP practice, the responses for option ‘no, not at all’ were divided by the total number of responses for Question 22. The response ‘don’t know / can’t say’ was classified as not applicable. Weighted GP Patient Survey data by GP practice were provided by the data owners. These data were used to calculate weighted averages of the indicator by Lower Super Output Area (LSOA)
Local Authority Finance: Gross Current Expenditure - Highways and Transport services (FIN_07_20)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual gross service expenditure for Highways and Transport services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2007. The gross expenditure describes the total spending by Local Authorities associated with delivering these services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Highways and Transport services expenditure includes employee costs and running expenses for these services. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_20L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_20U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
Drosophila albomicans
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila albomicans. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Drosophila americana
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila americana. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Drosophila arizonae
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila arizonae. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Drosophila bipectinata
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila bipectinata. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Drosophila hydei
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila hydei. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Tumour suppressor genes fasta files for orthologous groups and hierarchical orthologous groups
No full textCetaceans are the longest-living species of mammals and the largest in the history of the planet. They have developed mechanisms against diseases such cancer, although the underlying molecular bases of these remain unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of natural selection in the evolution of 1077 tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) in cetaceans. We used a comparative genomic approach to analyse two sources of molecular variation in the form of dN/dS rates and gene copy number variation. We found a signal of positive selection in the ancestor of cetaceans within the CXCR2 gene, an important regulator of DNA-damage, tumour dissemination, and immune system. Further, in the ancestor of baleen whales, we found six genes exhibiting positive selection relating to such diseases as breast carcinoma, lung neoplasm (ADAMTS8) and leukaemia (ANXA1). The TSGs turnover rate (gene gain and loss) was almost 2.4-fold higher in cetaceans as compared to other mammals, and noticeably even faster in baleen whales. The molecular variants in TSGs found in baleen whales, combined with the faster gene turnover rate, could have favoured the evolution of their particular traits of anti-cancer resistance, gigantism and longevity. Additionally, we report 71 genes with duplications, of which 11 genes are linked to longevity (e.g. NOTCH3 and SIK1) and are important regulators of senescence, cell proliferation and metabolism. Overall, these results provide evolutionary evidence that natural selection in tumour suppressor genes could act on species with large body sizes and extended life span, providing novel insights into the genetic basis of disease resistance
Data from: Overall dynamic body acceleration measures activity differently on large vs small aquatic animals
No full textAcceleration-based proxies for activity and energy expenditure are widely used in bio-logging studies of animal movement and locomotion to explore biomechanical strategies, energetic costs of behaviour, habitat use and the impact of anthropogenic disturbance. The foremost such proxy is Overall Dynamic Body Acceleration (ODBA) along with variants VeDBA and PDBA. This technique, which involves summing the magnitude of high-pass-filtered acceleration signals (the so-called dynamic acceleration) over a reference interval, has been applied to animals as diverse as shags, lobsters, humans and whales. The relationship between ODBA and energy use has been tested empirically on animals small enough to house in laboratory facilities and arguments have been offered for why the method should be generally applicable, however validations on larger animals are scant.
Here, we examine how body size impacts ODBA and its variants under steady locomotion in large aquatic animals, using cetaceans as model species. To do this, we first develop a simplified mathematical model for the acceleration signals that would be measured by a tag on a swimming animal. We then test this model with empirical data gathered using bio-logging tags on whale species covering nearly an order of magnitude difference in body length from 1.3 m harbour porpoises to 12 m sperm whales.
We show that the motions measured by ODBA can be fundamentally different in small compared to large aquatic animals. Whereas dynamic acceleration in small animals is predominantly due to specific acceleration (i.e., actual accelerative motions generated by muscle action), in larger aquatic animals body rotations (i.e., changes in orientation that accompany swimming and manoeuvring) can dominate the measured acceleration.
As body rotations do not necessarily increase in magnitude as swimming speed increases, ODBA may under-estimate the relative cost of behaviours or responses to disturbance in large aquatic animals. This does not lessen the value of ODBA for small animals, but it raises a caution against uncritical use on larger animals. For large aquatic animals, activity proxies that specifically remove body rotations using gyroscopes or magnetometers may provide more consistent estimates of energy use although these methods are yet to be validated
Electronic Supplementary Material (Videos) for the paper G.Carta, D.J.Colquitt, A.B.Movchan, N.V.Movchan, I.S. Jones, 2020, Chiral flexural waves in structured plates: Directional localisation and control. JMPS, 137 (2020), 103866
Get PDFElectronic Supplementary Material (Videos) for the paper
G.Carta, D.J.Colquitt, A.B.Movchan, N.V.Movchan, I.S. Jones, 2020,
Chiral flexural waves in structured plates: Directional localisation and control. JMPS, 137 (2020), 10386
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