International Journal of Contemporary Dental and Medical Reviews
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The relevance of Physico-chemical and diagnostic properties of saliva during orthodontic treatment
Get PDFSaliva is the principal defensive mechanism in the oral cavity and is critical for preserving and maintaining the health of oral tissues. The physico-chemical properties of saliva are affected by the local factors in the oral cavity and general health of an individual. Orthodontic treatment significantly affects the chemical composition and physical nature of oral fluids. The alteration in the properties of saliva can be utilised to evaluate the advent of orthodontics treatment in an individual. The present article focuses on the relevance of the physic-chemical properties of saliva during the progression of orthodontic treatment and the significance of saliva as a diagnostic analyte during orthodontic treatment
Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Insights into its understanding
Get PDFKaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a common vascular tumor arising in human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infected patients and is one of the 27 conditions designated by the Centers for Disease Control as an acquired immunodefi ciency syndrome (AIDS) defi ning illness. Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8), now called KS-associated herpes virus (KSHV), is a member of γ herpes virus family and is considered as the causative agent of KS. This review aims to discuss KS and its association with HIV/AIDS with an emphasis on oral features, the role of HHV-8/KSHV in causation of KS, and the current challenges faced in the management of the disease
Components of the diet and it relation to dental caries: A review
Get PDFEach and every living organism gets nutrition through diet. Diet contains various major components such as carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, lipids and proteins. These major components of diet are further divided into minor ingredients. These minor ingredients play a major role prevention or reduction in dental caries
Polymerization cycles on hardness and surface gloss of denture bases
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate different polymerization cycles on the hardness and surface gloss of acrylic resins for denture bases. Classico and Vip Cril Plus acrylic resins samples were made in dental stone molds. Powder-liquid ratio and resin manipulation were according to the manufacturers’ instructions, and the resulting mass pressed in metallic fl asks. The polymerization cycles were A - hot water bath at 74°C for 9 hours; B - hot water bath at 74°C for 8 hours + 100°C for 1 hour, and C - hot water bath at 74°C for 2 hours + 100°C for 1 hour. After polymerization, the samples were defl asked and submitted to finishing and polishing procedures, and stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours. A hardness indenter with load of 25 gf for 10 s evaluated the Knoop hardness values. A gloss meter evaluated the surface gloss using a light incidence of 60°. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Hardness: There were signifi cant differences between resins regardless of polymerization cycles (Classico = 22.28 and Vip Cril Plus = 25.83). Significant differences occurred among polymerization cycles regardless of resins (A = 25.83, B = 24.64 and C = 21.73). There was similarity for the resin and cycle interaction (Classico: A = 24.51, B = 22.68 and C = 19.65; Vip Cril Plus: A = 27.15, B = 26.53 and C = 23.81). Surface gloss. Significant differences were shown between resins regardless of polymerization cycle (Classico = 57.26 and Vip Cril Plus = 49.38) and between polymerization cycles regardless of resin (A = 48.82, B = 53.46 and C = 57.68). Statistical diff erences were also found for the resin and cycle interaction (Classico: A = 52.32, B = 63.79 and C = 55.67; Vip Cril Plus: A = 45.32, B = 43.14 and C = 59.69). Diff erent polymerization cycles showed similar eff ects on hardness and different effects on the surface gloss of denture base acrylic resins
Cross infection and sterilization methods: A survey among dental practitioners in Chennai
Get PDFTransmission of any infectious diseases is possible from one individual to another during dental procedures including blood-borne infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. Therefore in dental clinics, the significance of sterilization and personal protection procedures is of utmost important. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of sterilization and infection control procedures among dental practitioners in Chennai. In this descriptive study, 100 dental practitioners working in private clinics in Chennai were randomly selected to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of sterilization and infection control procedures using a self-administered questionnaire. 88 Dentists considered their patients as suspected of infection. 94% of the respondents are aware that sterilizing instruments at boiling temperature could not kill all type of microorganisms. 82% has answered that the time required for complete sterilization in an autoclave is 20 minutes. To sterile the instruments in the clinic, 37 dentist use autoclave. Out of 100, only 44 responded that the critical instruments (which penetrate the mucous membrane and skin) should not be sterilized by disinfectants. 66 practitioners are aware that the blood borne infections are HIV, HBV, and HCV. 86 participants are aware that the sharps should be discarded in a separate container. The attitude towards the cross infection is satisfactory nevertheless no adequate knowledge on blood-borne infections among the practitioners. Even though most of the practitioners follow proper sterilization methods, improvement in the practice of handling disinfectant solutions and methods of sterilization of hand pieces are required. We would conclude that the regular continuing education programme and short term courses about cross-infection and infection control procedures are essential
Journey from 2D to 3D: Implant imaging a review
Get PDFImaging techniques play an important role in proper treatment planning for dental implant. Conventional radiographic imaging techniques provide sufficient information regarding suggested implant sites. But, small size, image distortion and magnification limit their use in many cases. Previously CT has been employed for preoperative planning of implant. The major disadvantages of CT are artifacts, high dose of radiation and cost. Advanced imaging modalities like CBCT produces 3D images at relatively low cost and radiation dose thus making it invaluable in coordination with other techniques providing the anatomical information thus helps in proper treatment plan, good prognosis and thus relatively low risks for surgical mishaps
Enterococcus faecalis: A resistant microbe in endodontics
Get PDFEnterococcus faecalis is commonly detected in endodontic infections that are asymptomatic, persistent and recurrent. They are the microorganisms mainly responsible for persistent periradicular lesions even after root canal treatment. It can survive in the root canal as a single organism or as a major component of the flora. This article highlights the characteristics of E. faecalis, the factors responsible for its virulence and survival, as well as the effect of disinfectants on E. faecalis. Knowledge regarding this microorganism may help to prevent endodontic treatment failures caused by this organism
Denture camp: An experience beyond imagination
Get PDFMain aim of dental camp is awareness, education, and motivation of the common man regarding his/her dental health. This report presents the efficient way of conducting a denture camp and tackling the short comings faced during the course. When treating a vast population in camps, it calls for more number of instruments, equipments and lot of manpower in terms of doctors, dental mechanics and supporting staff. 110 patients were selected for the denture camp. They were informed to come early morning at 8a.m on the scheduled date and make necessary arrangements for their stay for one night during the camp as the most of the patients were from surrounding villages. Dentures are no more a luxury; it has become a necessity for the edentulous patients for the basic health maintenance. Many problems were encountered during this camp. Though there were so many hurdles doctors became successful in treating the patients. The team had taken a brave step with all the problems and they ended successfully. In spite of all the problems faced, the dedicated team work proved fruitful in rehabilitating 132 patients in short spans 24 hrs. The efforts of team were highly appreciated by the people
Oral health status and dental management considerations in autism
Get PDFAutistic individuals suff er primarily from a pervasive impairment of their cognitive and/or perceptional functioning; the consequences of which are manifested by limited ability to understand and communicate, and to learn and participate in social relationships. The behavioral abnormalities that characterize autism include a developmental impairment of reciprocal social interaction, a markedly restricted repertoire of activities and interests, and impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Among the various handicapping conditions, studies on oral health conditions in children with autism are sparse. The complicated disability itself makes clinical research diffi cult. A close correlation among autism, mental retardation, and seizure disorder is also seen. Hence, this review updates on the behavior, oral health and dental management of autistic children to help the pediatric dentist to treat such patients in their practice efficiently
“Nanodentistry”- The Next Big Thing Is Small
Get PDFNanotechnology has revolutionized the field of dentistry with tremendous potential to provide the comprehensive oral health care using the nanomaterials, advanced clinical tools and devices. The new era of dentistry will encompass precisely regulated analgesia, tooth renaturalization, complete cure for hypersensitivity and rapid orthodontic treatment. Many novel nanotechnology products are on the way and new treatment modalities are also proposed. Nanotechnology has increased the hope for better oral health care delivery and improved maintenance through the ongoing research in diagnosis, cure and prevention of oral diseases. This review article provides an insight about the importance and possible applications of nanotechnology in the field of dentistry