Exeley Inc.

Nance, Sandra

Flickinger, Cynthia

Thank You

HAWRYLIK, Eliza

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SUMER, UNAL

SAYAN, MURAT

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Kalinin, Vladimir V.

Zheleznova, Elena V.

Subbotin, Kirill Y.

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Sokolova, Lyudmila V.

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Bogucki, Piotr

Nagańska, Ewa

Jurek, Marta

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Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) – delayed diagnosis and treatment. A case report

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Internet of Things Application in Satellite Communication in Power Transmission, Transform and Distribution

Tripathi, Pujan

Yang, George

International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
DOI: 10.21307/ijanmc-2019-072                             64 
A Study on the Sinter Brazing Joint of Powder Metal 
Components 
Pujan Tripathi 
Department of Engineering Technology 
Missouri Western State University 
4525 Downs Drive 
St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA 
 
George Yang 
Department of Engineering Technology 
Missouri Western State University 
4525 Downs Drive 
St. Joseph, MO 64507, USA 
E-mail: yang@missouriwestern.edu 
 
 
 
Abstract—The research focuses on the development of a new 
joint method, the sinter brazing of powder metal components. 
Various kinds of powder metallurgy composition were tested 
in the sinter brazing joint, mainly to study the operating 
conditions, strength of the joint. Although each of these 
processes brings about different results in metal, all of them 
involve three basic steps: heating, soaking, and cooling. Heat 
treatment such as heating, soaking, cooling, hardening, 
tampering has been investigated. 
Keywords-Powder Metallurgy; Sintering; Brazing; Metal 
Joining  
I. INTRODUCTION 
Powder metallurgy is a processing method where 
green parts are compacted using dies and get sintered. 
Sintering offers equivalent strength as a cast iron and 
superior design flexibility and produces 
Near-Net-Shaped (NNS) parts at lower costs and it 
reduces the need for the machining process. Now, 
sinter brazing is an established joining process for 
Powder Metal components, and it is often used in the 
production of automotive applications. A successfully 
brazed joint relies widely on the interaction between 
brazing alloy, the joining surfaces, and sintering 
atmosphere conditions. The purpose of testing brazing 
materials is to test the capabilities of the brazing filler 
materials in order to produce sinter brazed components, 
processed through sinter brazing to heat treatment with 
air quench and to compare different brazing pastes to 
determine their quality and strength to the powder 
metal components. 
Product designs within the powder metal industries 
utilize joining techniques to assemble a component 
from different compacted pieces. This enables PM 
industries to provide cost-effective complex parts for 
various applications compared to traditional fabrication 
practices. Sinter-brazing is one of the methods for 
joining the parts easily and efficiently.  Brazing 
mechanism can be complex; however, it has the 
potential to reduce additional processing steps in a 
manufacturing scenario. The process can be achieved 
within one step instead of the traditional two steps. It 
also has economic advantages [1]. The metallic bond 
formed between parent mental surfaces has an 
adequate strength to achieve the high-performance 
standards according to the requirements. 
Interconnected porosity generates significant 
capillary forces that rapidly pull braze away from the 
connection interface. Moreover, the pore network 
becomes like a conduit that fills the bulk of the part 
with filler materials which results in a joint deficiency. 
Therefore, porosity is a considerable challenge in the 
sinter-brazing process. Using Copper (Cu) to infiltrate 
before brazing can be a potential solution to fill the 
pore network but is an expensive process. Another 
option is compressing to densities > 7. g/cm3 [4] but 
has a risk to get reduced strength than expected in the 
connection interface. 
Burgess Norton Mfg. Co. (Geneva Illinois) is 
making powder metal products since 1903 and 
operating seven facilities all over the world. 
1000101-MPIF FLC:4405 is a widely used filler alloy 
for infiltration during the sinter-brazing process by 
Burgess Norton. This alloy limits the loss of material in 
the pore network and creates a strong bond between the 
parent metal surfaces. This can be achieved by 
increasing the liquid temperature to increase the 
surface tension, thus reducing the flow ability to 
prevent braze alloy to penetrate further. However, the 
process is not entirely smooth and influenced by many 
external parameters. Despite having a high success 
ratio, it has occasional failure due to excessive 
infiltration. Significant work has been done to 
understand this challenge within manufacturing. One 
of the methods to counter excessive infiltration is to 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
65 
add some iron powder to the braze pre-mix to influence 
the onset of solidification temperature [5,6]. 
Brazing has many established best practices [1,6,7]. 
Performing each step of the sintering cycle within the 
controlled environment is one critical factor. To have 
an effective relubrication without shooting, a little 
oxidizing is required within the preheat zone. Although, 
some surface contaminants can negatively influence 
wetting and hinder braze from flowing through a gap. 
The excessive oxidizing atmosphere can cause 
inefficiency in reducing the brazing material; a 
greenish tint on the surface indicates excessive 
oxidation[1]. Also, furnace temperature should be 
adjusted for different loads. Furthermore, maintaining 
consistent temperature is essential to regulate desired 
brazing metal flow. Slow heating rates can segregate 
braze from ler melting constituents and alloy with an 
iron after re-solidification, impeding the remaining 
brazing metal from flowing into the pore network [2]. 
For successful brazing, wetting parent material 
surfacing with liquid braze is one of the key factors. It 
is important to dissolve the surface oxides by utilizing 
a flux on brazing and parental material to prevent braze 
to flow into the pore network within the joint [8]. 
However, in that process, glassy residues of metal 
oxides are left behind which can be adherent in nature. 
Thus, it is recommended to incorporate blind holes or 
enclosed cavities within the design. Regardless, if not 
performed in a vacuum chamber, adding flux is 
essential in the sinter-brazing process.  
Traditionally, sinter-brazing was performed with 
1000101-MPIF FLC:4405and sintering in a furnace 
cycle process. But to challenge the capabilities of sinter 
brazing materials and its components, another test took 
a place and the research done with the powder 
1000111-MPIF FLC-4808 which showed the 
significant results in the sinter brazing procedure. 
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 
The braze alloys that are used in the study are, 
Brazing powder 1000101-MPIF FLC:4405 and 
1000111-MPIF FLC-4808. These are the two most 
used powder of Burgess Norton Mfg. Co. (Geneva 
Illinois). The sinter brazing paste is used SCM-Sinter 
Braze Grade:C-458 and SCM-Sinter Braze Grade: 
EXP6778-99. 
 
TABLE I.  DESCRIPTION OF TWO TESTING METAL POWDERS 
TYPE GRADE Description 
Pre-alloyedSteel FL-4405 
Low alloy steel with pre alloyed manganese, 
molybdenum and nickel content for better 
hardenability. 
Hybrid-alloySteel 
FLN2-4405, FLN4-4400, FLN4-4405, 
FLN6-4405, FLNC-4405, 
Low alloy steel with pre alloyed molybdenum and 
admixed nickel and copper for better compressibility. 
 
For the procedure weight of the powder used 18.5 
to 20.00 grams. Selected TSI is 33 to 35. And the 
pressure used to test the shear strength is 39,197lbs to 
43, 761lbs.for the testing density needed was 6.7 to 6.9 
g/cm^3. Brazing slugs weighted length of 1.2mm, 
width 0.5mm and approximate Height of 0.2mm. 
Brazing material used a sinter brazing paste and in 
which the weight of the paste used around 0.15 to 
0.20grams. 
 
TABLE II.  MOLYBDENUM- NICKEL-STEEL- PRE ALLOYED- AS SINTERED 
 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
66 
TABLE III.  MOLYBDENUM-NICKEL STEEL – PRE-ALLOYED –HEAT-TREATED 
 
Reference: https://www.ssisintered.com/materials/low-alloy-molybdenum-nickel-steels.[10] 
 
III. METHOD 
Make slugs of powder Brazing powder 1000101-MPIF 
FLC:4405 and 1000111-MPIF FLC-4808, the basic 
requirement for making slugs is to get a density of 6.7 to 
6.9g/cm^3. Once the density and slugs are made use sinter 
brazing paste on both the different products. Once the 
brazing material is applied the brazed parts are ready for 
sintering. Sintering is effective when the process reduces the 
porosity and enhances properties such as strength, electrical 
conductivity, transparency and thermal conductivity; yet, in 
other cases, it may be useful to increase its strength but keep 
its gas absorbency constant as in filters or catalysts. During 
the firing process, atomic diffusion drives powder surface 
elimination in different stages, starting from the formation of 
necks between powders to the final elimination of small 
pores at the end of the process. In a furnace, test brazed parts 
are heated for 16 hours cycle and at 1600c temperature. 
Once the sintering is done slugs were being tested for the 
shear strength. Once the product is sintered then there are 
two possibilities for the heat treatment, there might be a 
chance that the product might get melt, or its bond gets 
stronger. But there are high chances that the product gets 
melted. After the sintering the heat treatment took place, 
Heat treatment is any one of several controlled heating and 
cooling operations used to bring about the desired change in 
the physical properties of a metal. Its purpose is to improve 
the structural and physical properties for some particular use 
or for future work of the metal. There are five basic 
heat-treating processes: hardening, case hardening, annealing, 
normalizing, and tempering. Although each of these 
processes brings about different results in metal, all of them 
involve three basic steps: heating, soaking, and cooling. Heat 
treatment steps are as followed, heating, soaking, cooling, 
hardening, tampering. Following the heat treatment process 
was Air quenching carburizing process. Specification of this 
process, A Cycle – Air Cooled, Endo Gas Carburizing, Deep 
Freeze Tempering – 150°C – 230°C 
 
Figure 1. Temperature Range of Sintering 
 
The following figure illustrates the method to use 
the Universal Tester machine to separate the two 
brazed components, to calculate shear strength. 
 
Figure 2. Tensile Testing Illustration 
 
This device is measuring the rupture strength. Shear 
strength is calculated by the following procedure: 
 Drill a 0.25" (6.4mm) diameter hole by 0.125" 
(3.2mm) deep through the center of braze 
 Place a 0.25" Dowel pin in the hole and push 
down with tensile tester until part splits 
 Record reading = Breaking Load  
IV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 
The research took place at Burgess Norton Mfg. [9]. 
Co. The test showed that the brazing paste SCM-Sinter 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
67 
Braze Grade: EXP6778-99 showed a significant 
increase in strength in comparison to the SCM-Sinter 
Braze Grade:C-458 paste. The EXP6778-99 paste was 
also not affected by the Heat Treat operation (typically 
weakens). This was a significant finding because no 
other sinter brazing process are currently Heat-Treating 
parts after they have been brazed due to the weakening 
of the bond. 
TABLE IV.  SHEAR STRENGTH OF DIFFERENT JOINTS 
 
Reference: Burgess Norton Mfg. Co. [9] 
 
REFERENCES 
[1] Gabrielov, C. Wilson, and J. Hamill, “Sinter-Brazing Automotive 
Powertrain Components,” International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, 
Vol. 37, 7, 2001, pp 46-48. 
[2] M. Frank, “Advanced Sinter brazed P/M Subassemblies in Torque 
Transfer Systems: Reduction Hubs and Carriers,” SAE, 2002. 
[3] M. Onoda, R. Kameda, and T. Koiso, “Application of Sinter-Brazing,” 
Metal Powder Report, November 1983, pp 632 – 634. 
[4] P. Beiss, “Finishing processes in powder metallurgy,” Powder 
Metallurgy, 1989, 32, 4, pp 277-284. 
[5] M. Stromgren and O. Andersson, “Brazing of P/M Parts by Sintering,” 
Technical Report - PM 89-6. 
[6] W. Knopp, Brazing Alloy Composition, United States Patent 
3,717,442 Feb. 20, 1973. 
[7] R. Peaslee, “How to Identify Brazing Failures,” Advanced Materials 
& Processes, December 2003, p 35. 
[8] AWS Committee, Brazing Manual, 1963, American Welding Society, 
New York, NY. 
[9] Burgess Norton Mfg. Co. 
https://www.ssisintered.com/materials/low-alloy-molybdenum-nickel
-steels.  
 
Powder 714080-99 RoHS Compliant EXP6778-99
1000101 2643.4 5018.3
1000101HT 2405.6 6230.5
1000111 3998.5 7118.6
Shear Strength (psi) Summary


A Study on the Sinter Brazing Joint of Powder Metal Components

Longbing, Jiao

International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
DOI: 10.21307/ijanmc-2019-073                            68 
Application of the Source Encryption Algorithm Model in 
the Power Industry 
Jiao Longbing  
Shaanxi Huabiao Network Technology Co., Ltd.  
Xi’an, 610041, China 
E-mail: james9894@163.com 
 
 
Abstract—With the development of Internet technology and 
Internet of Things technology, the Internet of Everything has 
become a hot topic, and in March 2019, the National Grid for 
the first time clarified the definition of the Pan-In Power 
Internet of Things, pointing out that the company's most 
urgent and important task is to accelerate the construction of 
the Pan-In Power Internet of Things. The security of Data 
Transfer on-line at any time is particularly important, in order 
to ensure the security of data, in the process of data 
transmission, data needs to be encrypted. This paper expounds 
a model of the information source data encryption algorithm, 
analyzes the encryption algorithm and the encryption method, 
and then provides a reference basis for the data transmission 
data security of power system. 
Keywords-Data Communication; Encryption Algorithm 
Model; Encryption Technology 
I. INTRODUCTION 
Driven by intelligence and informatization, 
ubiquitous electric Internet of things is just at the right 
time. The construction of power Internet of things puts 
forward higher requirements for data management and 
information management. At present, the state grid 
system is connected to more than 500 million terminal 
devices, and with the construction of electric Internet 
of things and the surge, there will be a huge amount of 
data. Data is an important asset, data privacy protection, 
the construction of data security grading system, based 
on different security levels to determine the open rights 
of data, to ensure the efficiency of business execution 
and smooth management. 
Internet of things technology is developing rapidly, 
but the corresponding infrastructure and security 
protection capabilities do not adapt to it. Network 
security is the biggest hidden danger of the power 
Internet of things. On the one hand, non-ip 
communication protocol is often used to transmit data 
in the Internet of things, which lacks effective security 
measures. On the other hand, the increasingly 
intelligent and professional means of network attack 
have brought new problems to network security 
protection, leading to frequent network security 
incidents in the field of power grid in recent years. 
Therefore, strengthening the security risk control 
and management of intelligent and informationized 
power Internet of things will be a key point of China's 
ubiquitous power Internet of things construction. 
This paper will focus on the introduction of a 
source encryption algorithm model, hoping to provide 
a digital security model reference for the application of 
digital business in the power industry. 
II. INTRODUCTION TO ENCRYPTION TECHNOLOGY 
As an important part of network security, data 
encryption technology plays a very important role in 
the network. It involves the confidentiality, 
authentication, non-repudiation and integrity of data. 
Key is the key of data encryption, which controls the 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
69 
implementation of encryption and decryption 
algorithms. According to the different keys, the 
encryption technology is divided into symmetric 
encryption technology, asymmetric encryption 
technology, mixed encryption technology. 
A.  Symmetric encryption  
Symmetric encryption means that the encryption 
key can be inferred from the decryption key, and the 
decryption key can also be inferred from the 
encryption key. In most symmetric algorithms, the 
encryption key and the decryption key are the same. 
For this algorithm, its key (secret key) usually needs 
messenger or secret channel to transmit, and it is 
difficult to transmit and manage the key. In this case, 
the secret preservation of the key determines the 
security of the algorithm. RC4, chaos algorithm, DES, 
IDEA, RCZ algorithm are typical representative of 
symmetric key encryption system. Because both 
parties have the same key, symmetric encryption 
technology is easy to implement and fast, so it is 
widely used in communication and storage data 
encryption and decryption. The security of symmetric 
encryption depends on the key, so the secret of the key 
is very important to the security of communication. 
The symmetric encryption process is shown in the 
figure 1. 
 
Figure 1. Symmetric encryption flow chart 
B.  Asymmetric encryption 
This technique can also be called public key 
cryptography. The encryption key (public key) can be 
made public, that is, it can be obtained by strangers and 
used to encrypt the information, but the information 
can only be decrypted with the corresponding 
decryption key (private key). Compared with 
symmetric encryption algorithms, asymmetric 
encryption algorithms usually require two keys: public 
key and Private key. When data is encrypted with a 
key, if it is encrypted with a public key, it can only be 
decrypted with the corresponding private key. Instead, 
it is decrypted with the corresponding public key. The 
advantage of public key cryptography is that it can 
adapt to the open requirements of the network, but the 
speed is relatively slow, not suitable for encrypting 
files. The asymmetric encryption process is shown in 
the figure 2. 
 
 
Figure 2. Asymmetric encryption flowchart 
C.  Hybrid encryption 
Hybrid encryption is not a single encryption 
technology, but a combination of the above two data 
encryption technology combined product. The 
communication process of the communication parties 
is divided into two parts. The parties first use 
asymmetric encryption technology to transmit the 
symmetric key used in the communication, and then 
use symmetric encryption technology to encrypt and 
transmit the file. 
III. TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIABLES 
PARTICIPATE IN THE SOURCE ENCRYPTION MODEL 
A.  Time variable definition： 
1) Year, month, day, hour and time variables 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
70 
TABLE I.  TIME VARIOMETER 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A B C D E F G H I J K L
1 a Aa Ba Ca D a Ea Fa G a H a Ia Ja ka La
2 b Ab Bb Cb D b Eb Fb G b H b Ib Jb kb Lb
3 c Ac Bc Cc D c Ec Fc G c H c Ic Jc kc Lc
4 d Ad Bd Cd D d Ed Fd G d H d Id Jd kd Ld
5 e Ae Be Ce D e Ee Fe G e H e Ie Je ke Le
6 f Af Bf Cf D f Ef Ff G f H f If Jf kf Lf
7 g Ag Bg Cg D g Eg Fg G g H g Ig Jg kg Lg
8 h Ah Bh Ch D h Eh Fh G h H h Ih Jh kh Lh
9 i Ai Bi Ci D i Ei Fi G i H i Ii Ji ki Li
10 j Aj Bj Cj D j Ej Fj G j H j Ij Jj kj Lj  
 
Year, month, day and hour variables are added to 
the partial key format of data information source, as 
shown in figure format, 12 bits and 10 bits are 
combined to form a unique time variable. Year, month, 
day, and hour cycle with 60 and map to Gregorian 
calendar time. 
2) Increase position variable 
The position variable is assigned to map the 
location of the source to the latitude and longitude 
coordinates. As the key bit. 
TABLE II.  LOCATION VARIABLES 
4 southeast 9 south 2 southwest 
3 east 5 center 7 west 
8 northeast 1 north 6 northwest 
 
3) The source data is rearranged and encrypted 
according to location, time and solar term variables 
The data format conversion of an encryption 
depends on a unique time point, and the time point of 
data encryption determines that the data conversion 
mode in the figure below is unique. 
 
 
Figure 3. Data conversion mode 
Determine the starting time of the data encryption 
variable, time variable form the basis for packet 
rotation changes, packets after be confirmed time and 
location, the data layer, and then each layer of blocks, 
each block in the above order to secondary polarization, 
and then according to the law of time each block and 
the PAGE will be rotating, and the rule of each PAGE 
rotation, eventually forming the smallest unit, each unit 
to block position number. 
After the above sequence of data format and order 
is completely disrupted, according to the 
unconventional format of the order, is to refer to the 
passage of time and position rotation. 
After such data arrangement, data, pictures, videos 
and other files, even if they are intercepted, cannot 
obtain the key encryption variables of time, solar term 
and location, and cannot obtain useful key information 
even if they are enumerated. 
4) Law of rotation arrangement of source data 
format 
After the data is divided into different pages, it is 
rotated and changed according to the hierarchy of 
layers. For example, the bottom layer is the rotation 
mode, the third layer is the feig reordering, the second 
layer is the rotation according to the third layer of feig, 
the first layer is the rotation according to the second 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
71 
layer of rotation. To this data page is partitioned and 
rearranged. Then the quadratic element is carried out, 
and the data block of the first part is redistributed into 
16 blocks. After three dimensions, three dimensions 
and four dimensions are differentiated to the smallest 
data unit bit. 
 
Figure 4. Rotation arrangement rule 
5) Data decryption process model 
 
 
Figure 5. Data decryption model 
a) The sender rearranges the blocks and pages 
of the data format according to the time variable and 
the position marker bit, and the quadratic element and 
cubic element are segmented and arranged according 
to the same method to form the minimum bit of scatter 
random data. 
b) Transfer process: the file transfer process is 
transmitted with three-point random minimum bit data, 
and the time at this time is a shift. After the time shift, 
the information received by the receiver should be 
arranged according to the change of time variable for 
time key mapping. 
c) C. Data receiver, the receiver is minimum 
scatter data, the receiver must key is according to the 
sender to the time, location, variables and receiving 
time to time, location, and, according to the minimum 
level to the smallest unit according to position the 
label to the reverse calculation into pieces, and then 
pushing block reverse page to the model, and then 
push the page to the original data model. The process 
record of backward calculation is the decryption key. 
The above data encryption model is the data 
encryption model established based on the cubic 
dimension secret calculation model, which can be used 
to split and switch the top secret data multiple times. In 
addition, it is not only applicable to data, but also 
applicable to audio and image data. 
6) The programming language realizes the model 
construction idea of the encryption model 
 Data type definition 
using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Text; 
namespace FateJudge.Core.QM 
{ 
    public class  QM Data 
    { 
        public static int[] ShunZhuan = new int[] { 1, 
8, 3, 4, 9, 2, 7, 6 }; 
        public static int[] NiZhuan = new int[] 
{ 1,6,7,2,9,4,3,8}; 
        public static String[] jushu=new string[]{  
            "174","285","396", 
            "852","963","174", 
            "396","417","528", 
            "417","528","639", 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
72 
            "936","825","714", 
            "258","147","936", 
            "714","693","582", 
            "693","582","471"}; 
        public static String QYYW=" 
public static String[] RPQM = new string[] { " };  
        public static String[] tianpanxingyuanwei = 
new string[] { };  
        public static String[] SPQM = new string[] 
{  };  
        public static String[] renpanxingzhuanxu = 
new string[] {}; public static String[] 
tianpanxingzhuanxu = new string[] { }; public static 
String[] shenpanzhuanxu = new string[] { };/ 
    } 
} 
 Data rotation 
public int getRPG (string yinyan, int zhishigong, 
string zhishi, string ren)  
        {  
            int ret = 0;  
            int n = 
getStringArrayIndex(QMData.rpxzx, ren);// - 
getStringArrayIndex(QMData. rpxzx, zS) + 8) % 
8;  
            int n1 = 0;  
            n1 = 
(getIntArrayIndex(QMData.ShunZhuan, 
zhishigong) + n) % 8;  
            ret = QMData.ShunZhuan[n1];  
            return ret;  
        }  
        public int getIntArrayIndex(int[] sa, int n)  
        {  
            int ret = 0;  
            for (int i = 0; i < sa.Length; i++)  
                if (sa[i].Equals(n))  
                {  
                    ret = i;  
                    break;  
                }  
            }  
            return ret;  
        } 
public string getPostRenPan(string zhishi, int 
zhishigong, int p)  
        {  
            string ret = string.Empty;  
            int n1 = 0;  
            int n2 = 0;  
            int n3 = 0;  
            n1 = 
(getIntArrayIndex(QMData.ShunZhuan, p) - 
getIntArrayIndex(QMD.ShunZhuan, zhishigong) 
+ 8) % 8;  
            n2 = 
getStringArrayIndex(Qi=M=Data. rpxzx, zhishi);  
            n3 = (8 + n2 + n1) % 8;  
            ret = QiMenData. rpxzx [n3];  
            return ret;  
        } 
 
IV. CONCLUSION 
 
Figure 6. Data encryption model 
Power data is the lifeblood of a country's economy 
and people's life. With the great development of 
Internet of things, Internet and ubiquitous electric 
Internet of things, the security of data connection is 
particularly important. Through the practice of the 
above data encryption model, the source information 
can be encrypted, which is different from several 
symmetric encryption algorithms and asymmetric 
encryption algorithms. This kind of model calculation 
can be encapsulated into IC or T card to form an 
encryption module, which is widely used in power 
inspection terminals, smart electricity meters and 
power big data cleaning applications, to increase the 
security means of data transmission, and to provide 
some enlightenment and reference for the data 
transmission encryption methods of power companies. 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls          Volume 04, No.04, 2019 
73 
REFERENCE 
[1] Song Lei, Luo Qiliang, Luo Yi, Tu Guangyu. Encryption scheme of 
real-time data communication in power system [J]. Power system 
automation, 2004 (07) 
[2] Liu gang, liang ye et al. Realization and application of digital 
certificate technology in power secondary system [J]. Power grid 
technology,2006,10 
[3] Xingyuan Wang,Hongyu Zhao,Le Feng,Xiaolin Ye,Hao Zhang. 
High-sensitivity image encryption algorithm with random diffusion 
based on dynamic-coupled map lattices[J]. Optics and Lasers in 
Engineering,2019,122. 
[4] Chen changqing. Research on computer network communication 
intrusion prevention method based on data encryption technology [J]. 
Information and computer (theoretical edition),2019(14):171-172. 
[5] DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory; ORNL to take on nine power 
grid modernization projects as part of DOE award[J]. NewsRx Health 
&amp; Science,2019. 
[6] Chen zhiguang. Analysis and design of power project management 
system of state grid fuzhou power supply company [D]. Yunnan 
university,2016.
 
 


Application of the Source Encryption Algorithm Model in the Power Industry

Fitzgerald, David

 
Aviation in general has been in turmoil this year with the outbreak of COVID-19 and the resultant travel 
restrictions.   Many airlines have cut back both in operational staff and airline medical departments are under 
pressure, albeit have taken on different roles and responsibilities.  Many operators have had to make 
significant adjustments to operations, as is reflected by the paper by Ganesh et al, noting the lessons learnt 
in RFDS operations during the outbreak. 
 
It is pleasing to see that there is still a healthy interest in aviation, and that interest continues in the 
aeromedical aspect of aviation.  In this year’s volume, we have a contributions from Masters in Aviation 
Medicine students who have undertaken literature reviews as part of their studies. 
 
A number of other papers are still under peer review and will be published early next year.  It has been a 
busy year for many of us, including those of us editors, peer reviewers and typesetters, and as editor in 
chief, I thank all for their contributions to the journal this year. 
 
We have now an editorial board in place to further strengthen the journal’s direction moving forward and 
thanks also to those who have agreed to serve on the board to support me in developing JASAM into a 
quality, well regarded source of aeromedical literature. 
 
As always, the journal invites submissions from those aeromedical examiners working in the field in terms of 
case reports that can be shared collegially with colleagues from around the world. 
 
Here’s hoping that 2021 brings some stability and re-growth to the aviation sector! 
 
David Fitzgerald 
Editor-in-Chief 
 


EDITORIAL

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