Exeley Inc.

Gut, Małgorzata

Binder, Marek

Finc, Karolina

Szeszkowski, Wojciech

Brain activity underlying response induced by SNARC-congruent and SNARC-incongruent stimuli

AKÇELİK, Nefise

AKÇELİK, Mustafa

CHARACTERISTICS AND REGULATION OF BIOFILM FORMATION IN SALMONELLA

Siwińska, Małgorzata

Mucha, Martyna

Pyrzanowska, Agata

Szlaur, Michał

PHYTOTHERAPY IN THE PREVENTION AND SUPPORT OF TREATMENT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTIONS

Wu, Hejing

Cui, Ran

Research on Data Collection and Analysis of Second Hand House in China Based on Python

Luo, Yana

Wang, Jian

International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls      Volume 06, No.02, 2021 
DOI: 10.21307/ijanmc-2021-019                            73 
Technical Introduction of Wireless Mesh Network 
 
Yana Luo 
1.
 School of Computer Science and Engineering 
Xi’an Technological University 
Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 
2.
 State and Provincial Joint Engineering Lab. of 
Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control 
Xi'an Technological University 
No.2 Xuefu Middle Road, Weiyang district 
Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 
E-mail: luo_yana@163.com 
 
Jian Wang 
1.
 School of Computer Science and Engineering 
Xi’an Technological University 
Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 
2.
 State and Provincial Joint Engineering Lab. of 
Advanced Network, Monitoring and Control 
Xi'an Technological University 
No.2 Xuefu Middle Road, Weiyang district 
Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 
E-mail: 470081729@qq.com 
 
 
Abstract—In the process of evolution to the next 
generation network, wireless is an indispensable 
technology. Because of its Multi-Hop characteristics, the 
application value of Wireless Mesh Network in the next 
generation Internet has been proved. Because of Mesh 
peer-to-peer network topology, if a node fails, it will not 
affect the operation of the whole network, and can 
effectively avoid single point of failure. As a solution to 
provide high-speed internet services, Wireless Mesh 
Network can provide network access for mobile users in 
its coverage area, and it has evolved into an effective 
solution for broadband home networks, community 
networks, enterprise networks and other wireless access 
networks. 
Keyword-Wireless Mesh Network; Network 
Architecture; Networking; Channel 
I. INTRODUCTION 
As a wireless access network that can be 
deployed quickly and does not need expensive 
network wiring infrastructure, its application 
value in the next generation Internet has been 
proved. In the process of evolution to the next 
generation network, wireless is an indispensable 
technology. Wireless Mesh can cooperate with 
other networks and is dynamic and calculable 
network architecture. 
Traditional wireless networks are mainly 
point-to-point or point-to-multipurpose star 
structures, and their topological structure is 
shown in Figure 1, while Wireless Mesh 
Networks use peer-to-peer network topology, in 
which each node communicates with its 
neighboring nodes and has the function of data 
forwarding, and its topological structure is shown 
in Figure 2. Mesh peer-to-peer network topology 
also has high reliability. If a node fails, it will not 
affect the operation of the whole network, and it 
can effectively avoid single point of failure. With 
multi-word interconnection and Mesh topology, 
Wireless Mesh Network has evolved into an 
effective solution for broadband home networks, 
community networks, enterprise networks and 
other wireless access networks [1]. 
brought to you by COREView metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk
provided by Exeley Inc.
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls      Volume 06, No.02, 2021 
74 
 
Figure 1. Traditional network topology 
 
Figure 2. Mesh network topology 
II. ARCHITECTURE OF WIRELESS MESH 
NETWORK 
Wireless Mesh routers form self-organizing 
networks through Multi-Hop interconnection, 
which provides higher reliability, wider service 
coverage and lower upfront investment cost for 
WMN (Wireless Mesh Network) networking. The 
general architecture of WMN consists of three 
different types of wireless network elements: 
gateway router (router with gateway/bridge 
function), Mesh router (access point) and Mesh 
client (mobile or other), as shown in Figure 3. 
The Mesh client accesses the wireless Mesh 
router through wireless connection, and the 
wireless Mesh router forms a relatively stable 
forwarding network in the form of multi-word 
interconnection [2]. 
 
Figure 3. Wireless Mesh Network Architecture 
 
In the general network architecture of WMN, 
any Mesh router can be used as the data 
forwarding relay of other Mesh routers, and some 
Mesh routers also have the additional capability 
of Internet gateway. The gateway Mesh router 
forwards the traffic between WMN and the 
internet through a high-speed wired link. The 
general network architecture of WMN can be 
regarded as consisting of two planes, in which the 
access plane provides network connection to 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls      Volume 06, No.02, 2021 
75 
Mesh clients, while the forwarding plane 
forwards relay traffic between Mesh routers. With 
the increasing use of virtual wireless interface 
technology in WMN, the network architecture of 
WMN is becoming more and more popular. 
III. THE ORGANIZATION SCHEME OF WIRELESS 
MESH NETWORK 
A.  Single frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
organization 
Single frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
organization are mainly used in areas with limited 
equipment and frequency resources, and are 
divided into single-frequency single-hop and 
single-frequency Multi-Hop. In the single 
frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
organization, the access and return of all wireless 
access points Mesh AP and wired access point 
Root AP work in the same frequency band. 
According to the different product 
implementation methods and channel interference 
environments during networking, the channels 
adopted between hops may be completely 
independent channels without interference, or 
channels with certain interference. At this time, 
due to the interference between adjacent nodes, 
all nodes cannot receive or send at the same time, 
so it is necessary to negotiate with the MAC 
mechanism of CSMA/CA in the Multi-Hop range. 
With the increase of hop count, the bandwidth 
allocated by each Mesh AP will drop sharply, and 
the actual single-frequency networking 
performance will also be greatly limited [3]. 
B.  Dual Frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
Organization 
Two different frequency bands are used for 
back haul and access of each node in the Dual 
Frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
Organization, such as 2.4 GHz 802.1l b/g channel 
for local access service, and 5.8 GHz 802.11a 
channel for backbone Mesh back haul network, 
which do not interfere with each other. In this way, 
each Mesh AP can perform the back haul 
forwarding function while serving local access 
users. Dual Frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
Organization solves the channel interference 
problem of back haul and access, and greatly 
improves the network performance. However, in 
the actual environment and large-scale 
networking, because the back haul links use the 
same frequency band, there is still no interference 
between the channels. Therefore, with the 
increase of hop count, the bandwidth allocated by 
each Mesh AP still has a downward trend, and the 
Mesh AP far away from the Root AP will be in a 
channel access disadvantage, so the hop count of 
Dual Frequency of Wireless Mesh Network 
Organization should also be carefully set. 
IV. KEY TECHNOLOGIES 
A.  The negotiation of muti-channel 
When Wireless Mesh Networks access 
multiple channels, MP nodes in the network can 
only keep watch to one channel at a time. In order 
to use multiple channels, nodes have to 
dynamically switch between available channels, 
which requires a coordination mechanism to 
ensure that both nodes in communication work on 
the same channel. One solution is to divide the 
time axis into beacon intervals, establish a time 
window called ATIM at the beginning of each 
beacon interval, and require all nodes in the 
network to be forcibly switched to the same 
channel at the beginning of the ATIM time 
window. In the ATIM window, nodes with data to 
be sent use control messages to negotiate 
channels with the receiver [4]. 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls      Volume 06, No.02, 2021 
76 
 
Figure 4. Muti-channel negotiation process based on ATM time window 
The channel negotiation process is shown in 
fig. 4. Four nodes form a chain topology and are 
arranged in the order of a-b-c-d. Node a has 
packets to send to node b and node d has packets 
to send to node c. When a new beacon interval 
starts, all nodes switch to channel 1 and enter the 
ATIM window. After A waits for a random delay 
(avoiding collision), it sends an ATIM packet to B. 
The ATIM packet contains A's PCL (Preferable 
Channel List), which records the channel usage in 
the neighborhood of the node. After receiving 
ATIM packet, Node B selects channels according 
to PCL of A and its own PCL. In the 
communication range between sender and 
receiver, the channels used by fewer nodes will be 
preferentially selected. Assume that Node B 
selects Channel 1, and then Node B replies to 
Node A with ACK-ACK packet containing the 
selected channel, and Node A sends AIM-RES to 
Node B to confirm this negotiation. According to 
ACK-ACK and ATIMRES grouping, the 
neighbors of node a and node b know that node a 
and node b will use channel 1 to communicate, 
and update their PCL, which is convenient for 
selecting channels for themselves according to 
these information in the future. When the ATIM 
window ends, each node switches to the selected 
channel and communicates in the remaining time 
of the beacon interval. 
In addition, MMAC can broadcast messages 
during ATIM window, supporting local broadcast 
function. PCL divides the channel into the 
following three states. High priority means that 
this channel has been selected by the node in the 
current beacon interval, and only one channel of a 
node can be in high priority state at most in each 
beacon interval. Medium priority indicates that 
this channel has not been selected by nodes 
within the transmission range. Low priority 
indicates that this channel has been selected by at 
least one neighbor node. At the beginning of each 
beacon interval, the channel in PCL is reset to the 
medium priority state. If the sending node and the 
receiving node negotiate a certain channel, then 
the two nodes set the channel to a high priority 
state; If a node finds ATIM packets, and the 
channel specified in the packet is in medium 
priority, the channel is set to low priority and its 
associated counter is set to 1; If the channel 
specified in the packet is at high priority, the state 
is not changed; If the channel specified in the 
packet is already at low priority, the counter 
associated with it is incremented by 1. The 
purpose of this Muti-channel negotiation method 
is to select the channel with small traffic load, 
balance the channel load as much as possible, and 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls      Volume 06, No.02, 2021 
77 
reduce the bandwidth wasted by competition and 
back off. 
B.  Channel organization 
Channel allocation technology is mainly used 
for the use and management of multiple channels 
in Muti-channel Wireless Mesh Networks, which 
can ensure good network connectivity and reduce 
the probability of channel conflicts in Mesh 
networks to improve network efficiency [5]. 
Different from Muti-channel negotiation 
technology, channel allocation technology 
allocates the use of multiple channels in Mesh 
network from the perspective of channel 
frequency resource division. Group division is a 
commonly used channel allocation scheme for 
Wireless Mesh Networks, which divides all 
neighboring nodes of each MP node into groups, 
and then assigns channels uniformly to each 
group; The channel allocated by each group 
selects the channel with the least number of times 
in the neighborhood of node conflict to designate 
and ensure the interconnection between 
groups[6]. 
C.  Discovery of the Network  
Discovery of the Network technology is 
mainly used to discover new nodes and 
neighboring nodes in Mesh networks and 
establish corresponding information lists. 
Discovery of the Network is mainly carried out 
by means of network scanning and list 
maintenance, in which network scanning means 
that MP nodes in Wireless Mesh Network actively 
send or monitor Beacon signals to monitor 
neighboring nodes around them, while list 
maintenance means adding the information of 
neighboring nodes belonging to the same Mesh 
network discovered by network scanning to the 
list. If the discovered neighbor node is a new 
node, it can be discovered by the whole network 
through the routing table. 
D.  Routing forwarding 
Many technical characteristics and advantages 
of Wireless Mesh Network come from its Mesh 
connection and routing, while the design of 
routing forwarding directly determines the 
utilization efficiency of Mesh connection and 
affects the network performance. When designing 
the routing protocol of Wireless Mesh Network, 
we should pay attention to: firstly, we should not 
only select the route according to the "minimum 
hop count", but also comprehensively consider 
various performance metrics and conduct the 
route selection after comprehensive evaluation; 
Secondly, to provide network fault tolerance and 
robustness support, when the wireless link fails, it 
can quickly select an alternative link to avoid 
interruption of service provision; Third, we must 
be able to use traffic engineering technology in 
load balancing among multiple paths to maximize 
the use of system resources; Fourth, it is required 
to support MP and Mesh STA simultaneously. 
E.  Security of Wireless Mesh Network 
The unique Multi-Hop self-organization 
characteristics of Mesh network lead to its unique 
security goals, such as two-way authentication 
between Mesh nodes; Confidentiality and 
integrity protection of end-to-end link data traffic 
of each hop; Access control and management of 
Mesh nodes. In order to solve these security 
problems, Mesh security technology is proposed. 
Mesh Security Association (MSA) is a commonly 
used Mesh security architecture. In MSA security 
architecture, key system is its core, and an MP is 
allowed to initiate communication in the network 
only after establishing a set of key system after 
passing identity authentication. The MSA 
architecture divides MP nodes participating in 
security interaction into three roles: Candidate MP, 
MA, and MKD. Candidate MP refers to nodes 
wishing to join Mesh network, and MA is a node 
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls      Volume 06, No.02, 2021 
78 
qualified to provide authentication service for 
Candidate nodes. It can establish and Maintain a 
secure link to MKD to ensure the security of 
Candidate MP certificate information forwarded 
by MKD. There is a secure physical link between 
MKD and external authentication server AS, 
which is mainly responsible for the generation 
and distribution of master keys and the 
qualification of ma. Initial MSA authentication is 
used to securely establish the link between MP 
pairs. Every Candidate MP can transmit data in 
the network after at least one successful initial 
MSA authentication.  
V. CONCLUSIONS 
Wireless Mesh Network is composed of Mesh 
terminal nodes, Mesh routing nodes and gateways. 
the backbone network is formed by 
interconnection between Mesh routing nodes, and 
finally connected with gateway nodes, providing 
access services for Mesh terminal nodes in a 
wireless Multi-Hop manner. It combines the 
advantages of WLAN and Ad Ho c networks, and 
is a distributed wireless network with high speed 
and high capacity. At the same time, Wireless 
Mesh Network provides users with flexible 
wireless broadband access services on the basis of 
self-organization and self-management. Wireless 
Mesh Network has the advantages of flexible 
deployment, good stability and wide coverage, 
and has become one of the key technologies of 
wireless access network, which is bound to affect 
the development of the next generation wireless 
network technology [7]. 
 
REFERENCES 
[1] Xu Chunyan, Xiao Yangwen, Cai Min. Overview of 
BLE Mesh Network Protocols [J]. Electronic 
Application, 2017,43(04):29-31+35. 
[2] Wang Endong. Research on Joint Power Control and 
Channel Allocation for Wireless Mesh Networks [D]. 
Jilin University, 2017. 
[3] Huang Jianfei. Wireless Mesh Network Channel and 
spectrum allocation based on Power Control [D]. 
Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 2016. 
[4] Jia Jie, Lin Qiusi, Jian Chen, Wang Xingwei. Joint 
Power Control and Channel Assignment for 
Congestion Avoidance in Congnitive Radio Mesh 
networks [J]. chinese journal of computers, 2013, 
36(05):915-925. 
[5] Chen Xun, Zhang Chaoyang, Luo Haiyan. Joint 
optimizationof powercontrol‚channel assignment and 
scheduling inwireless mesh network [J]. Journal of 
Zhejiang University, 2009, 43(08):1406-1411+1472. 
[6] Li Xin. Research on topology control and channel 
assigment algorithm for multi-radio multi-channel 
wireless Mesh networks [D]. University of Electronic 
Science and Technology of China, 2013. 
[7] Xin Huang, Feng Suili, Ke Feng, Zhuang Hongcheng. 
Jointly Channel Assignment and Power Based on 
Utility Optimization for Wireless Mesh Networks [J]. 
Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2011, 
33(11):2600-2604.
 


Technical Introduction of Wireless Mesh Network

Gaddam, Raj

Freer, Elissa

Kerr, Brett

Weir, Tony

Reliability of torque expression by the Invisalign® appliance: A retrospective study

Gorucu-Coskuner, Hande

Atik, Ezgi

Taner, Tülin

The effectiveness of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainer usage protocols on the stability of fixed orthodontic treatment results

Zakaria, Nor Nadia

Kamarudin, Yasmin

Seong, Lim Ghee

Sulaiman, Nur Shahirra

Atirah Anuar, Siti Aisyah

Prevalence and pattern of permanent tooth agenesis among multiracial orthodontic patients in Malaysia

Rösche, Johannes

Schade, Bernd

Levetiracetam as second-line treatment of status epilepticus – which dose should be applied?

Not a member yet