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STATISTICS IN TRANSITION new series, June 2016  
 
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STATISTICS IN TRANSITION new series, June 2016  
Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 355–358 
ABOUT  THE  AUTHORS 
Bal-Domańska Beata is an Assistant Professor at Wroclaw University of 
Economics, Department of Regional Economy (Poland) and as a Consultant of 
the Local Data Bank Centre in Statistical Office in Wrocław. Currently, her 
research interest embraces regional economy in particular analysis (taxonomy and 
econometric) in socio-economic issues, the assessment of convergence process as 
well as sustainable development. She has published more than 80 research papers 
in international or national journals and presentation at conferences; she also  took 
a part in several scientific projects (grants). She is – among others – a member of 
Polish Statistical Association.  
 
Fabian Piotr received his MSc degree in computer science from the Faculty of 
Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science of the Silesian University 
of Technology in Gliwice, Poland. There, in 2004, he received a PhD degree. He 
continues to work at the same university. His research interests include speech 
processing and recognition, pattern recognition, machine learning, applications 
for people with disabilities. 
 
Hozer-Koćmiel Marta is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Statistics, 
University of Szczecin, Faculty of Economics and Management. Her main 
research interest is the usage of quantitative methods to study the differences and 
similarities of economic behaviour of women and men. She is also interested in 
time use surveys, methods of valuation of household work, entrepreneurship and 
sustainable development from gender perspective. 
 
Hudson Irene is a mathematical statistician with an international reputation in the 
development of new statistical methods for climate change research and methods 
to analyse markers/indicators in diverse research areas of drug discovery, bio-
statistics and stroke/brain research. She is Chair of Statistics in the School of 
Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle Australia. Professor 
Hudson has published 220 research papers in international/national journals and 
conferences, and published 2 books and 19 book chapters/monographs. She is a 
nominated member of an ARC Centre of Excellence in therapeutics/diagnostics, 
a collaborator with the WHO and Centre of Generational Health & Aging. 
Hudson is on the Editorial board of Climatic Change. 
 
356                                                                                                           About the Authors 
 
 
Khan Muhammad Shuaib is a lecturer in Statistics in the Victoria University 
Sydney Campus. Currently, he is doing PhD in Statistics in the School of 
Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia. He 
has published a number of research papers in international/national peer-reviewed 
Journals of Statistics and conferences. His research area includes lifetime 
distribution theory and reliability analysis. 
 
Khetan Mukti is a Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Applied 
Mathematics, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India. Her research area is 
sampling techniques. She has published 17 research papers in reputed 
international journals. She has won the best paper presentation award at the 68th 
Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics. She has 
completed M.Sc. (Statistics) from the Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu 
University, Varanasi, India. 
 
King Robert is a mathematical statistician with an international reputation in the 
development of new methods in lifetime distributions and quantile defined 
distributions as well as in a number of applied statistical fields. He is a lecturer in 
the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, 
Australia. He has received his PhD degree from the Queensland University of 
Technology Australia. He has published more than 60 research papers in 
international/national journals and conferences.  
 
Korzeniewski Jerzy is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Statistical 
Methods, University of Lodz. His main research domain is cluster analysis and 
attribute selection, especially with respect to further object classification. He is 
also interested in all applications of cluster analysis in financial data, particularly 
in time series clustering. 
 
Krężołek Dominik works as an Assistant Professor in the Department of 
Demography and Economics Statistics at the University of Economics in 
Katowice. His specialities focus on risk assessment and risk modelling, mainly in 
the area of the metals market. He is a co-author of three manuals related to risk 
analysis and the applications of statistical tools in data analysis. He is also an 
author of articles concerning non-classical risk measures. He actively cooperates 
with business area through the Research and Knowledge Transfer Centre 
(an internal unit of the University of Economics in Katowice). He is a member of 
the Polish Statistical Association and the Section on Classification and Data 
Analysis of the Polish Statistical Association (SKAD).  
 
Landmesser Joanna is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Applied 
Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, and works in 
the Department of Econometrics and Statistics. She received the Dr. degree 
STATISTICS IN TRANSITION new series, June 2016  
 
357 
in Economics in 2002 at the Bundeswehr University Munich in Germany and 
habilitated in 2014 in Economics ("The use of duration analysis methods for the 
survey of economic activity of people in Poland") at the Nicolaus Copernicus 
University in Toruń, Poland. Her research interests focus on evaluation of different 
policies on the labour market, counterfactual scenarios analysis, comparing the 
distributions of income, decomposition of income inequalities. 
 
Lis Christian is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Economics and 
Management (Department of Statistics), Szczecin University, Poland. His main 
research interests are in economic convergence and growth theories, causes of 
welfare and poverty, utilisation of taxonomic methods in economics and 
multidimensional comparative analysis. He has published approx. 80 books and 
scientific papers. Dr hab. Christian Lis has carried out approx. 60 projects, for the 
Ministry of Infrastructure and Construction, the Ministry for Maritime Economy, 
Prime Minister's Office, Marshal Office of the West Pomeranian Region, 
Szczecin and Świnoujście Sea Port Authority, among others. In 2009 he 
established the Economic Research Centre in Szczecin. The company is 
specialized in feasibility studies, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for infrastructure 
investment in sea ports and other analyses on maritime economy. 
 
Maurya Shweta received a MSc in Statistics from the Department of Statistics of 
Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi, India, in 2012. She received a PhD in 
applied statistics from Department of Applied Mathematics of Indian School of 
Mines in Dhanbad, India, in 2016.  Currently, she is working as an advisor to 
Maersk Global Service Centre in Advanced Analytics department. Her research 
interests include sampling theory. 
 
Mussini Mauro is an Assistant Professor of Economic Statistics at the 
Department of Economics, University of Verona. He received his PhD degree in 
Statistics from the University of Milan Bicocca in 2008. His research interests 
include inequality and poverty measurement, statistical models for energy and 
environmental data analysis, statistical methods for the integration of data from 
different sources. 
 
Osaulenko Oleksandr is the Rector of the National Academy of Statistics, 
Accounting and Audit, Doctor of Public Administration, Professor, 
Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 
Honored Economist of Ukraine. During 1996-2014, he headed the national 
statistical office of Ukraine. He is an author of over 200 scientific works, 
including 20 monographs and handbooks on the problems of statistics and public 
administration. 
 
358                                                                                                           About the Authors 
 
 
Pandey Ranjita is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Statistics, 
University of Delhi. She received her D.Phil. degree from University of 
Allahabad in 2002. Her research interests include ecological modelling, 
demography, imputation methods and Bayesian inference. 
 
Singh G. N. is a Professor of Statistics at the Department of Applied 
Mathematics, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India. His research area is 
sample surveys. Professor Singh has guided many PhD students and published 
more than 120 research papers in international journals of repute. Professor Singh 
is a reviewer of several prestigious journals in statistics. 
 
Skrodzka Iwona is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Econometrics 
and Statistics, University of Bialystok. For several years, her scientific interests 
have been focused on issues of human and intellectual capital (measurement and 
analysis of the impact on economic development). Currently, her research 
concerns smart growth in countries and regions of the European Union. She 
applies the methods of multivariate statistical analysis. 
 
Smolarczyk Tomasz is a PhD student at the Faculty of Automatic Control, 
Electronics and Computer Science at Silesian University of Technology. His 
research interests are feature selection and extraction, machine learning and data 
mining. In his professional career, he uses data analysis to solve real-world 
problems, mostly in marketing and sales area. 
 
Sobczak Elżbieta is an Associate Professor at Wroclaw University of Economics, 
Department of the Regional Economics. Her main fields of research interest 
include quantitative methods in economics, classification and data analysis, and 
multivariate statistical analysis in regional research. She is also interested in 
econometric regional analysis and segmentation methods of foreign markets. She 
is a member of Polish Classification Society (SKAD), International Federation of 
Classification Societies (IFCS) and Polish section of Regional Studies 
Association (RSA). 
 
Stąpor Katarzyna is a Professor at the Department of Automatic Control, 
Electronics and Computer Science in the Silesian Technical University in 
Gliwice, Poland. Her research interests include statistical pattern recognition, 
multivariate statistical analysis, discriminant analysis in particular, computer 
vision and bioinformatics. Professor Stąpor has published more than 80 research 
papers, including one monograph on pattern recognition. She is the co-author of 
the integrated information management systems and the classification system 
supporting glaucoma diagnosis in ophthalmology.   
 
 


ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Kubacki, Jan

Jędrzejczak, Alina

SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF INCOME UNDER SPATIAL SAR MODEL

Wywiał, Janusz

ESTIMATION OF MEAN ON THE BASIS OF CONDITIONAL SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE

Szulc, Adam

CHANGING MORTALITY DISTRIBUTION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES FROM 1970 TO 2010: LOOKING AT AVERAGES AND BEYOND THEM

Gurgul, Henryk

Suder, Marcin

CALENDAR AND SEASONAL EFFECTS ON THE SIZE OF WITHDRAWALS FROM ATMS MANAGED BY EURONET

A. HANDOO, ZAFAR

K. CARTA, LYNN

M. SKANTAR, ANDREA

A. SUBBOTIN, SERGEI

W. FRAEDRICH, STEPHEN

Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Xiphinema chambersi&nbsp;Population from Live Oak in Jekyll Island, Georgia, with Comments on&nbsp;Morphometric Variations

MORALES, NAIYULIN

MORALES-MONTERO, PATRICIA

PUZA, VLADIMIR

SAN-BLAS, ERNESTO

First Report of Heterorhabditis amazonensis from Venezuela and Characterization of Three Populations

S. O. CARDOSO, MERCIA

M. R. PEDROSA, ELVIRA

FERRIS, HOWARD

M. ROLIM, MARIO

S. C. OLIVEIRA, LAMARTINE

Nematode Fauna of Tropical Rainforest in Brazil: A Descriptive and&nbsp;Seasonal Approach

MEMARI, ZAHRA

KARIMI, JAVAD

KAMALI, SHOKOOFEH

HOSSEIN GOLDANSAZ, SEYED

HOSSEINI, MOJTABA

Are Entomopathogenic Nematodes Effective Biological Control Agents&nbsp;Against the Carob Moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae?

SUN, FENGCHENG

HENRY, NEIL

YU, QING

Journal of Nematology 49(2):131–132. 2017.
 The Society of Nematologists 2017.
First Report of the Fig Cyst Nematode, Heterodera fici Kirjanova, on Fig
Tree, Ficus carica, in Ontario, Canada
FENGCHENG SUN,1 NEIL HENRY,1 AND QING YU2
Abstract: Although fig trees are a popular ornamental fruit tree in subtropical regions, some hardy species, such as Ficus carica, have
been grown in the west coast of British Columbia and southern Ontario in Canada. The fig cyst nematode,Heterodera fici Kirjanova, is
a pest on fig plants, and the heavy infestation can cause retarded growth and yellowing of leaves (Maqbool et al., 1987). In the spring
of 2016, a sample of rhizosphere from a potted fig (F. carica) seedling was submitted to the Nematology Laboratory, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency. The sample was collected from a nursery in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, during an inspection to
support export certification. The fig trees in the nursery had been grown in the outside fields during the growing seasons and potted
and moved to indoor during the winters for last 3 years. The sample was subjected to a nematode extraction process, including
decanting and sieving and misting, and lemon-shaped cysts and second-stage juveniles of Heterodera sp. were recovered from the
sample examined. The morphological and molecular analyses of the cysts, vulval cone, and second-stage juveniles from both the
roots and the crushed cysts identified the species as Heterodera fici Kirjanova. The cysts were characterized by their dark brown color
and lemon shape, as well as distinct necks and vulval cones. The vulval cones were observed having an ambifenestrate fenestra
(Fig. 1A), dome-shaped bullae scattered around the underbridge plane (Fig. 1B), well-developed underbridge (Fig. 1B), and coarse
zig-zag ridges surrounding the fenestra on the surface. The cyst measurements (n = 3) were length 608.76 91.6 (506–682) mm, width =
395.3 6 40.9 (366–442) mm, and length/width ratio = 1.3 6 0.2 (1.3–1.7) mm. The morphometric characters of the vulval cone were
fenestral length = 57.36 2.9 (54–59) mm, fenestral width = 35.36 4 (33–40) mm, and vulval slit = 50.76 1.2 (50–52) mm. Second-stage
juveniles tapering posteriorly (Fig. 1C). Stylet well developed, basal knobs rounded, directed slightly anteriorly (Fig. 1D). Tail tapering,
with hyaline terminal about half of tail length (Fig. 1E). Second-stage juveniles (n = 16) showed the following morphometric char-
acters: body length = 440.9 6 20 (408–470) mm, a = 20.3 6 2.3 (16.9–24), b = 2.7 6 0.3 (2.3–3.3), c = 8.1 6 0.6 (7.3–9.3), c9 = 3.8 6
0.3 (3.1–4.3), stylet length = 23.2 6 0.4 (23–24) mm, anterior end to median bulb = 71.8 6 4.5 (65–79) mm; maximum body width =
21.96 2 (17–25) mm; body width at anus = 14.46 1.5 (12–17) mm, tail length = 54.66 2.9 (50–60) mm, and hyaline part of tail = 23.76
2.9 (19–28) mm. These observations conform to the published descriptions of Heterodera fici Kirjanova (Kirjanova, 1954; Golden et al.,
1988). The slides of the cyst vulval cone and juveniles were deposited in the Canadian National collection of Insects, Arachnids, and
Nematodes (Accession no. 14851 to 14853 for the second stage juveniles and 14854–14855 for the cyst cones). For molecular analysis,
DNA was extracted from individual juvenile (n = 4) from different cysts. A 1,151-bp fragment of ribosomal DNA containing ITS1-5.8S-
ITS2 region was amplified and sequenced using primers 18S (59-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-39) and 26S (59- TTTCACTCGCCGT-
TACTAAGG-39) (Vrain et al., 1992). The sequence was deposited into theGenBank database (Accession no. KY635986 and KY635987) and
was compared with published sequences by means of BLAST search in the database (November 2016). The comparison revealed
99.0% to 100% similarity to the sequences of the same genomic region ofH. fici from Iran (AF498385) and Georgia (AF274409).
Subbotin et al. (2010) summarized the known occurrence of the fig cyst nematode from Belarus, Belgium, Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Yugoslavia, China, Georgia, Iran,
Turkey, Uzbekistan, Australia, New Zealand, United States (California, Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, and Virginia), Brazil,
Algeria, and South Africa. It is an exotic pest to Canada. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the occurrence ofH. fici in
Canada.
Key words: Canada, detection, fig cyst nematode, Heterodera fici Kirjanova.
LITERATURE CITED
Golden, A. M., Maqbool, M. A., and Shahina, F. 1988. Redescription
of Heterodera fici (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) with SEM observations.
Journal of Nematology 20:381–391.
Kirjanova, E. S. 1954. Summaries and perspectives in the develop-
ment of phytonematology inUSSR. Zoological Institute of the Academy
of Sciences, USSR, Turdy Prob. i Tematicheskikh Soveshchanii 3:9–47.
Maqbool, M. A., Qasim, M., and Zarina, B. 1987. New record of
Heterodera fici Kirjanova, 1954 and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885)
Chitwood, 1949 on Ficus carica L. Pakistan Journal of Nematology
5:41–42.
Subbotin, S. A., Mundo-Ocampo, M., and Baldwin, J. G. 2010b.
Description and diagnosis of Heterodera species. Pp. 35–449 in Sys-
tematics of Cyst Nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderinae), vol. 8B. The
Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.
Vrain, T. C., Wakarchuk, D. A., Levesque, A. C., and Hamilton, R. I.
1992. Intraspecific rDNA restriction fragments length polymorphisms
in the Xiphinema americanum group. Fundamental and Applied
Nematology 15:563–573.
Received for publication March 21, 2017.
1Nematology Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON,
Canada, K2H 8P9.
2Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food
Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6.
We thank Jason Griffin for collecting the sample and Sarah Brearey and
Dr. Huimin Xu for their critical review of this manuscript.
E-mail: fengcheng.sun@inspection.gc.ca.
This paper was edited by Andrea M. Skantar.
131
FIG. 1. Photomicrographs of Heterodera fici on fig tree from Ontario, Canada. A, B. Cyst vulval cones with the ambifenestrate fenestra in A)
and well-developed underbridge and bullae in B). C–E. The second-stage juveniles from a crushed cyst with the whole body in C), the anterior
region in D) and the posterior region in E).
132 Journal of Nematology, Volume 49, No. 2, June 2017


First Report of the Fig Cyst Nematode, Heterodera fici Kirjanova, on Fig&nbsp;Tree, Ficus carica, in Ontario, Canada

Not a member yet

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF INCOME UNDER SPATIAL SAR MODEL

ESTIMATION OF MEAN ON THE BASIS OF CONDITIONAL SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE

CHANGING MORTALITY DISTRIBUTION IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES FROM 1970 TO 2010: LOOKING AT AVERAGES AND BEYOND THEM

CALENDAR AND SEASONAL EFFECTS ON THE SIZE OF WITHDRAWALS FROM ATMS MANAGED BY EURONET

Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Xiphinema chambersi Population from Live Oak in Jekyll Island, Georgia, with Comments on Morphometric Variations

First Report of Heterorhabditis amazonensis from Venezuela and Characterization of Three Populations

Nematode Fauna of Tropical Rainforest in Brazil: A Descriptive and Seasonal Approach

Are Entomopathogenic Nematodes Effective Biological Control Agents Against the Carob Moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae?

First Report of the Fig Cyst Nematode, Heterodera fici Kirjanova, on Fig Tree, Ficus carica, in Ontario, Canada

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