REPISALUD (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
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El investigador del ISCIII Miguel Ángel Navas, reconocido por la UNED con un Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado
No full textEl Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Transferencia y Divulgación Científica de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) ha concedido al doctor Miguel Ángel Navas Martín, investigador en el Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), el Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado en el Programa de Ciencias Biomédicas y Salud Pública UNED-IMIENS-ISCIII, correspondiente al curso académico 2023/2024. Miguel Ángel Navas pertenece a la Unidad de Cambio Climático, Salud y Medio Ambiente Urbano, perteneciente a la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad (ENS) del ISCIII. También forma parte del Instituto Mixto IMIENS, entidad impulsada de manera conjunta entre el ISCIII, a través de la ENS, y la UNED. El investigador del ISCIII obtuvo la máxima calificación, Sobresaliente Cum Laude, en la defensa de su tesis en el ISCIII el año pasado, obteniendo de manera unánime la candidatura del tribunal al galardón que ahora ha recibido de la UNED
Situación Epidemiológica de los casos de MPOX en España. Datos extraídos de SiViES el 28/01/2025.
No full textInforme elaborado por la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología.A fecha de esta actualización se han notificado un total de 8.504 casos confirmados de mpox desde el inicio del brote en abril de 2022, procedentes de 17 Comunidades Autónomas. Ceuta y Melilla no han notificado casos en el periodo.N
Unsupervised machine learning identifies biomarkers of disease progression in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan
No full textBackground: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) appears as a rash in some individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. Today, basic knowledge of this neglected disease and how to predict its progression remain largely unknown. Methods and findings: This study addresses the use of several biochemical, haematological and immunological variables, independently or through unsupervised machine learning (ML), to predict PKDL progression risk. In 110 patients from Sudan, 31 such factors were assessed in relation to PKDL disease state at the time of diagnosis: progressive (worsening) versus stable. To identify key factors associated with PKDL worsening, we used both a conventional statistical approach and multivariate analysis through unsupervised ML. The independent use of these variables had limited power to predict skin lesion severity in a baseline examination. In contrast, the unsupervised ML approach identified a set of 10 non-redundant variables that was linked to a 3.1 times higher risk of developing progressive PKDL. Three of these clustering factors (low albumin level, low haematocrit and low IFN-γ production in PBMCs after Leishmania antigen stimulation) were remarkable in patients with progressive disease. Dimensionality re-establishment identified 11 further significantly modified factors that are also important to understand the worsening phenotype. Our results indicate that the combination of anaemia and a weak Th1 immunological response is likely the main physiological mechanism that leads to progressive PKDL. Conclusions: A combination of 14 biochemical variables identified by unsupervised ML was able to detect a worsening PKDL state in Sudanese patients. This approach could prove instrumental to train future supervised algorithms based on larger patient cohorts both for a more precise diagnosis and to gain insight into fundamental aspects of this complication of visceral leishmaniasis.This work was funded by DNDi via agreement MVP322/19 with ISCIII (to E.C.) and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the ISCIII-AES project (PI22/00009 to E.C.). J.C. was supported by a contract awarded by CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00018). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or prepara tion of the manuscript.S
Situación Epidemiológica de los casos de MPOX en España. Datos extraídos de SiViES el 07/01/2025.
No full textInforme elaborado por la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). Servicio de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Centro Nacional de Epidemiología.A fecha de esta actualización se han notificado un total de 8.481 casos confirmados de mpo desde el inicio del brote en abril de 2022, procedentes de 17 Comunidades Autónomas. Ceuta y Melilla no han notificado casos en el periodo.N
Primeras detecciones en España de un tipo de enterovirus poco conocido ligado a enfermedad respiratoria y neurológica
No full textPuede consultar el artículo en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/26533Un equipo del Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM) ha publicado un estudio que documenta las primeras detecciones en muestras clínicas en España de un enterovirus raro del genotipo C105 (EV-C105). Este tipo de enterovirus, asociado a enfermedad respiratoria, puede relacionarse también con enfermedad neurológica. El estudio ha permitido detectar cinco casos de este raro enterovirus en niños de diversas regiones de España, ocurridos entre 2019 y 2024. Desde que en 2006 se estableció en el CNM-ISCIII la vigilancia de enterovirus no polio mediante métodos moleculares, el EV-C105 no había sido identificado en nuestro país
Genomic epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in the Iberian Peninsula from 2015 to 2022
No full textFluoroquinolone-resistance in Shigella is among the serious antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threats. We investigated the genomic epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant (FQR) strains of S. sonnei and S. flexneri from 2015 to 2022 in Spain and Portugal. We determined the AMR profiles of 416 isolates (S. flexneri and S. sonnei) and FQR isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The percentage of FQR isolates gradually increased to reach 38% and 80% of S. flexneri and S. sonnei isolates, respectively in 2022. S. sonnei isolates from men were significantly more likely to be FQR (RR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.7- 9.0). Genomic analysis revealed two major genetic clusters of FQR S. sonnei from the CipR.MSM5 lineage, previously associated with extreme antimicrobial resistance and transmission in men having sex with men. This study contributes to a better understanding of FQR shigellosis transmission and highlights the added value of enhanced surveillance for these pathogens.This work was supported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (Fellowship Programme) (to C. J. and C. M.); and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Acción Estratégica de la Salud: PI21CIII/00029)S
MoMo. Monitorización de la mortalidad diaria por todas las causas y atribuible a temperaturas. Situación a 15 de abril de 2025.
No full textDesde el 01 de enero de 2023 MoMo ha identificado a nivel nacional -15.042 exceso de defunciones por todas las causas y 13.064 defunciones atribuibles a temperatura.N
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Parkinsonism-Dystonia Scale for Infants and Young Children
No full textBackground: Parkinsonism in infancy is rare and is highly correlated with the presence of dystonia. Advances in treating and characterizing developmental and infantile degenerative parkinsonism have highlighted the need for a specialized assessment scale. Objective: The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale that effectively assesses parkinsonism-dystonia in early life. Methods: The Infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia Rating Scale (IPDRS) was designed to capture the key clinical features of parkinsonism-dystonia in early life. It consists of 28 items across three subscales: Non-motor symptoms, Motor symptoms, and Dyskinesias. Thirty-two patients with hypokinetic movement disorder were scored following a standardized protocol. Filmed motor examinations were analyzed independently by three pediatric movement disorders specialists to evaluate interrater reliability. Twenty additional patients with primary neurotransmitter disorders were scored, and nine of them were evaluated at baseline and after treatment. Psychometric validation was conducted. Results: A total of 52 patients were scored using the IPDRS. Mean age was 3.1 years (standard deviation [SD]: 2.0), and the mean IPDRS score was 40.8 (SD: 13.17). Internal consistency analysis demonstrated a Cronbach's α of 0.21 for Non-motor symptoms subscale, 0.84 for Motor symptoms subscale, and 0.95 for Dyskinesia subscale. Kappa indexes exceeded 0.70 in seven items. Correlation coefficients for dystonia items with the Barry-Albright-Dystonia Scale ranged from 0.46 to 0.64. After treatment, all IPDRS scores changed significantly, with an effect size of 2.42. Conclusions: The IPDRS appears to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing parkinsonism in early life. Further validation studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm these findings and complete the validation process. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.R.P. consults for Neurocrine; has been paid by Genesis Pharma, Ardius, and AstraZeneca to participate in national and international congresses; and has participated in advisory boards organized by Novartis, Ardius, Biomarin, Genesis Pharma, and Roche. A.G.-C. has received honoraria for research support and lectures from PTC Therapeutics and Immedica; has received honoraria for lectures from Biomarin, Immedica, Eisai, Orchard Therapeutics, and Recordati Rare Diseases Foundation; and is a cofounder of the Hospital Sant Joan de Déu start-up ‘Neuroprotect Life Sciences.’ M.A.K. is cofounder and consultant to Bloomsbury Genetic Therapies and has received compensation as speaker and consultant for PTC. A.D. has participated in advisory boards organized by Orchard Therapeutics and Biogen. The above funders had no role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to publish the results. T.S.P. acknowledges research support from the NINDS/NIH (NS094242). B.P.-D. is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grants PI21/00248 and FORT23/00034). A.G.-C. is supported by the FI21/00073 “Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)” and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).” V.Z. was supported by the AADC Research trust for 1 year during the duration of this study.S
Intake of fruit, vegetables and pulses, and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality: Results from a population-based prospective study
No full textObjectives: The aim of this study was to explore the association of fruit, vegetable, and pulses consumption with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Study design: This prospective study included 66,933 individuals from three Spanish health surveys linked to the national death registry up to December 2022. Methods: Adjusted Poisson regression models were used to analyze the data, categorizing fruit, vegetable and pulses intake according to Spanish dietary recommendations and using splines to examine non-linear relationships. Results: No clear association was found between pulses intake and mortality. Consuming fruits and vegetables ≥2 times/day reduced all-cause mortality risk by 20 % (95%CI = 10%-29 %) and 17 % (95%CI = 7%-26 %) respectively, compared with <3 times/week. Combined intake of fruits and vegetables from 1 to 1.99 to ≥5 times/day showed reductions in all-cause and CVD mortality ranging from 16 % (95%CI = 5%-26 %) to 30 % (95%CI = 20%-39 %), and from 25 % (95%CI = 5%-41 %) to 35 % (95%CI = 14%-50 %), respectively, compared with <1 time/day. No additional benefits against all-cause and CVD mortality for intakes of fruits over 2-3 times/day, but gradual reductions in mortality risk for vegetable intake of 2-5 times/day were observed. Combined intake showed protection up to intakes of 10 times/day, notably for CVD mortality. Associations were similar but weaker for cancer mortality. Conclusions: This study suggests that significant benefits of fruits and, specially, vegetables intake might go beyond the recommended five servings a day. Confirmation of these results could lead to specific dietary recommendations to prevent chronic diseases.This work was supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number PI19CIII/00021], the Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP) and the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panamá [Sub-Program of Doctoral and Postdoctoral Scholarships Research Doctorate in the Health Area, 270-2022-121].S
Líneas de actuación en Prevención y Control del Tabaquismo: perspectiva actual y retos próximos
No full textEl tabaquismo es un problema de salud de dimensiones epidémicas con un importante impacto sobre la salud de la población. Según la OMS, esta epidemia además de provocar millones de muertes, es uno de los desencadenantes más importantes de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas, cardiovasculares y neoplásicas, por lo que es considerado el factor de riesgo de enfermedad y de muerte prematura evitable más importante a nivel mundial. En este seminario se expone el Plan Integral de Prevención y control del Tabaquismo (2024-2027) aprobado en Consejo de Ministros el 30 de abril de 2024. Las motivaciones de este plan son: estudiar la situación epidemiológica actual y datos de prevalencia; avanzar en las políticas de prevención y control del tabaquismo, y que España vuelva a ser vanguardia en la aplicación de estas medidas; cumplir con las metas y compromisos establecidos a nivel europeo e internacional. Lograr una generación libre de tabaco para 2040; y la preocupación por las nuevas formas de consumo especialmente entre la gente joven. Las metas de este plan son: Prevenir el inicio de consumo de tabaco y productos relacionados; fomentar el abandono del tabaquismo y facilitar la ayuda para dejar de fumar; reducir la exposición ambiental a las emisiones de tabaco y productos relacionados en espacios públicos y/o colectivos y reducir la huella ecológica; promover la investigación aplicada y la monitorización en el control del Tabaquismo y potenciar la coordinación y el establecimiento de alianzas