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Enfoque criminológico en la investigación científica de la nueva realidad criminal
No full textMenciona que dada la complejidad de los fenómenos conductuales antisociales que se manifiestan en la nueva realidad criminal del Perú, es fundamental la generación de evidencia empírica y conocimiento científico que respalde el diseño de políticas y estrategias, así como la toma de decisiones gubernamentales en materia de seguridad pública
Aproximación sociológica para la comprensión de los desacuerdos entre las medidas gubernamentales y la respuesta social frente a la pandemia de Covid-19 en Perú desde un análisis macro-estructural
No full textAnaliza algunos aspectos de la nueva realidad social generada a partir de la pandemia, una crisis que es fuente de muchas preguntas pero de muy pocas respuestas, por ahora. Desde la Sociología se enfrentan dilemas epistemológicos y científicos que exigen evaluar los paradigmas dominantes que rigen tanto la vida macrosocial y la vida micro-social, urge hacer un meta-análisis del corpus teórico y metodológico con el que la Sociología aborda el orden social en general, han surgido asuntos urgentes que ocuparán la atención de las ciencias sociales, y fundamentalmente de la Sociología. En esa orientación y con el ánimo de aproximarnos a reflexiones sobre este fenómeno complejo, la investigación desarrollada tuvo el propósito de comprender desde la teoría sociológica y construir sentido del desacuerdo entre las medidas gubernamentales y la respuesta social en torno a la crisis generada por la pandemia de Covid-19 en el Perú. Se centra el análisis a partir de la observación macro y micro sociológica desde la perspectiva de Comte, Durkheim, Weber y Goffman, y desde un análisis macro-estructural
Dynamic Modeling and Validation of a Refrigeration System and Cold Room for Fruit Preservation
No full textJ. Manrique thanks the financial support of the Proyecto Concytec - Banco Mundial, through its executing unit Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (Fondecyt), for its research work Dynamic Modeling and Validation of a Refrigeration System and Cold Room for Fruit Preservation..The following document presents the mathematical dynamic modeling of Refrigeration System with a switching mode for the evaporator operation and the dynamics of the temperatures inside the cold room for preservation. The equations shown are based on the thermodynamic energy and mass balances in a way that ensures their conservation but assuming several simplifications to solve the equations. In order to analyze the behavior of the refrigerant in the evaporator, the temperature inside the cold room and the temperature of the fruit to be preserved. The validation process will be performed with real data obtained from the Universidad de Piura's pilot plant. © 2020 IEEE.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Synthesis of highly stable κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan micro- and nanogels via a sonication-assisted microemulsion route
No full textThe authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation [CONCYTEC-FONDECYT]; and the Vice-Rectorate for Research of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru [VRI-PUCP].Novel carrageenan micro- and nanogels were developed via a sonication-assisted microemulsion processing route. The diameter of the dry samples ranged 197.3 −421.35 nm whereas the diameter of the samples suspended in water ranged 467.8–605.9 nm. Hybrid κ/ι-carrageenan, rather than κ- or ι-carrageenan was used for the first time for the preparation of micro- and nanogels. KCl was used as a cross-linking agent and Tween 80 was used as surfactant. The micro- and nanogels suspended in water were found to simultaneously exhibit a lower diameter, and a lower swelling ratio with higher Tween 80 content. The micro- and nanogel suspension yields a zeta potential value of −50.5 mV, superior to values reported elsewhere for pure κ- or ι-carrageenan micro- and nanogels. The high stability was attributed to the high hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB = 15) value of Tween 80. These results suggest that hybrid κ/ι-carrageenan micro- and nanogels are promising candidates for smart therapeutics applications. © The Author(s) 2020.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Riemann-Based Algorithms Assessment for Single- And Multiple-Trial P300 Classification in Non-Optimal Environments
No full textThe P300 wave is commonly used in Brain-Computer Interface technology due to its higher bit rates when compared to other BCI paradigms. P300 classification pipelines based on Riemannian Geometry provide accuracies on par with state-of-the-art pipelines, without having the need for spatial filters, and also possess the ability to be calibrated with little data. In this study, five different P300 detection pipelines are compared, with three of them using Riemannian Geometry as either feature extraction or classification algorithms. The goal of this study is to assess the viability of Riemannian Geometry-based methods in non-optimal environments with sudden background noise changes, rather than maximizing classification accuracy values. For fifteen subjects, the average single-trial accuracy obtained for each pipeline was: 56.06% for Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), 72.13% for Bayesian Linear Discriminant Analysis (BLDA), 63.56% for Riemannian Minimum Distance to Mean (MDM), 69.22% for Riemannian Tangent Space with Logistic Regression (TS-LogR), and 63.30% for Riemannian Tangent Space with Support Vector Machine (TS-SVM). The results are higher for the pipelines based on BLDA and TS-LogR, suggesting that they could be viable methods for the detection of the P300 component when maximizing the bit rate is needed. For multiple-trial classification, the BLDA pipeline converged faster towards higher average values, closely followed by the TS-LogR pipeline. The two remaining Riemannian methods' accuracy also increases with the number of trials, but towards a lower value compared to the aforementioned ones. Single-stimulus detection metrics revealed that the TS-LogR pipeline can be a viable classification method, as its results are only slightly lower than those obtained with BLDA. P300 waveforms were also analyzed to check for evidence of the component being elicited. Finally, a questionnaire was used to retrieve the most intuitive focusing methods employed by the subjects. © 2001-2011 IEEE.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Obesity markers for the prediction of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in resource-poor settings: The CRONICAS Cohort Study
No full textAims: To determine the predictive performance of well-known obesity markers: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and total body fat percentage (TBF%), to identify incident cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort Study, conducted in 3 regions of Peru. Participants without T2DM at baseline were selected for analyses. The obesity markers were evaluated at the beginning of the study, and the development of T2DM was determined at 30 months of follow-up. The predictive performance of the markers was calculated using areas under the curve (AUC), and sensitivity and specificity of the best cutoff points were estimated. Results: A total of 2510 participants with no diabetes at baseline, median age 54.1 years (inter-quartile range: 44.6 to 63.5), were included in the analysis. The cumulative incidence of T2DM at 30 months of follow-up was 4.7%. All the AUC studied for obesity markers and TBF% were poor. Conclusions: We found that obesity markers had a poor predictive performance (AUC) for the incidence of T2DM when used alone. The BMI, WC and WHtR had better performance for the incidence of T2DM relative to the WHR among women, and no differences in performance between obesity markers were found among men. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Modular Low-cost RF Instrumentation to Detect Arsenic Ions in Water
No full textThis paper explores the development of a low-cost instrument using a similar architecture to a one-port vector receiver intended for estimating Arsenic (As) ions diluted in water. The instrument is implemented with modular off-The-shelf-components. The measurements are performed with the designed prototype connected to a dielectric assessment kit 3.5 from Schmidt Partner Engineering AG and are compared for different levels of Arsenic solved in water. The preliminary results obtained are promising to continue the study of this instrumentation and pave the way to develop further sensor and instrumentation for water-sensing and monitoring applications. © 2020 IEEE.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Cadmium uptake in native cacao trees in agricultural lands of Bagua, Peru
No full textCadmium (Cd) contamination threatens cocoa farming in the province of Bagua in Amazonas, Peru. This study reports our assessment of Cd concentrations in cocoa farm soils, and in cocoa roots, leaves, testa, and cotyledon, thus evaluating the magnitude of the problem caused by Cd exposure. For our analysis, we sampled agricultural soil, cocoa roots, leaves and pods at 29 farms in the province of Bagua. Concentrations of Cd in each of the samples were measured and correlated with selected variables at each sampling site. Within our collection of samples, Cd levels showed great variability. In soil, Cd concentrations ranged between 1.02 and 3.54 mg kg-1. Concentrations of this metal within cocoa trees measured from roots, leaves, testa, and cotyledon, Cd ranged from 0.49 mg kg-1 to 2.53 mg kg-1. The cocoa trees exhibited variable degrees of allocation Cd from the soil to their tissues and thus considerable variation among themselves. We found that Cd amounts in roots were up to five times more concentrated than Cd levels in the soils and 2.85 times [Cd] the amounts found in cotyledon. Soil pH is a key variable enabling the uptake of this metal. Most importantly, our evaluation determined that measurements from the majority of farms exceeded the maximum permissible limits established by Peruvian and European legislation. © 2020 by the authors.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
A Survey of Ontologies for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping in Mobile Robots
No full textAutonomous robots are playing important roles in academic, technological, and scientific activities. Thus, their behavior is getting more complex, particularly, in tasks related to mapping an environment and localizing themselves. These tasks comprise the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem. Representation of knowledge related to the SLAM problem with a standard, flexible, and well-defined model, provides the base to develop efficient and interoperable solutions. As many existing works demonstrate, Semantic Web seems to be a clear approach, since they have formulated ontologies, as the base data model to represent such knowledge. In this article, we survey the most popular and recent SLAM ontologies with our aim being threefold: (i) propose a classification of SLAM ontologies according to the main knowledge needed to model the SLAM problem; (ii) identify existing ontologies for classifying, comparing, and contrasting them, in order to conceptualize SLAM domain for mobile robots; and (iii) pin-down lessons to learn from existing solutions in order to design better solutions and identify new research directions and further improvements. We compare the identified SLAM ontologies according to the proposed classification and, finally, we explore new data fields to enrich existing ontologies and highlight new possibilities in terms of performance and efficiency for SLAM solutions. © 2020 ACM.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Travel Time to Health Facilities as a Marker of Geographical Accessibility Across Heterogeneous Land Coverage in Peru
No full textTo better estimate the travel time to the most proximate health care facility (HCF) and determine differences across heterogeneous land coverage types, this study explored the use of a novel cloud-based geospatial modeling approach. Geospatial data of 145,134 cities and villages and 8,067 HCF were gathered with land coverage types, roads and river networks, and digital elevation data to produce high-resolution (30 m) estimates of travel time to HCFs across Peru. This study estimated important variations in travel time to HCFs between urban and rural settings and major land coverage types in Peru. The median travel time to primary, secondary, and tertiary HCFs was 1.9-, 2.3-, and 2.2-fold higher in rural than urban settings, respectively. This study provides a new methodology to estimate the travel time to HCFs as a tool to enhance the understanding and characterization of the profiles of accessibility to HCFs in low- and middle-income countries. © Copyright © 2020 Carrasco-Escobar, Manrique, Tello-Lizarraga and Miranda.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte