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A Low-Cost IoT Platform for Heat Stress Monitoring in Dairy Cattle
No full textThis research has been funded by CONCYTEC Project–World Bank, contract number 017-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-MUThis paper presents a compact and modular system based on Internet-of- Things for monitoring cattle behavior and stress in real-time. It will help to model certain parameters such as temperature and certain weather variables such as relative humidity, solar radiation, among others thanks to Internet-of- Things (IoT) sensors localized in different points of barns and the fields for cattle farming. A main benefit of the system is that it is built with low-cost hardware and low battery consumption. The wireless system also allows the collection of data in real-time and obtains the temperature-humidity index. This index will give an approach to the heat stress in cattle not only on the farm but in the vicinity of the farm. Finally, the high amount of collected data will allow employing Big Data solutions for estimating the impact on milk productivity. In the future, more sensors will be deployed for a more detailed reading of weather variables and their impact on dairy cattle. © 2021 IEEE.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
A multi-modal visual emotion recognition method to instantiate an ontology
No full textThis research was supported by the FONDO NA-CIONAL DE DESARROLLO CIENT´FICO, TEC-NOLÓGICO Y DE INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA -FONDECYT as executing entity of CONCYTEC under grant agreement no. 01-2019-FONDECYT-BM-INC.INV in the project RUTAS: Robots for Urban Tourism, Autonomous and Semantic web based.Human emotion recognition from visual expressions is an important research area in computer vision and machine learning owing to its significant scientific and commercial potential. Since visual expressions can be captured from different modalities (e.g., face expressions, body posture, hands pose), multi-modal methods are becoming popular for analyzing human reactions. In contexts in which human emotion detection is performed to associate emotions to certain events or objects to support decision making or for further analysis, it is useful to keep this information in semantic repositories, which offers a wide range of possibilities for implementing smart applications. We propose a multi-modal method for human emotion recognition and an ontology-based approach to store the classification results in EMONTO, an extensible ontology to model emotions. The multi-modal method analyzes facial expressions, body gestures, and features from the body and the environment to determine an emotional state; this processes each modality with a specialized deep learning model and applying a fusion method. Our fusion method, called EmbraceNet+, consists of a branched architecture that integrates the EmbraceNet fusion method with other ones. We experimentally evaluate our multi-modal method on an adaptation of the EMOTIC dataset. Results show that our method outperforms the single-modal methods. Copyright © 2021 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reservedConsejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
An homage to Peru’s bicentenary: Maxillaria bicentenaria (Orchidaceae), a new species previously misidentified as M. pyhalae
No full textWe are grateful to everyone that helped us on our trips to Huancavelica and Pasco. Roxana Rojas kindly prepared the distribution map presented in Figure 3. We also thank the editor and two reviewers that helped to improve an earlier version of the manuscript. Delsy Trujillo kindly provided us with pictures of material gathered at MOL. This article has the Open Access option thanks to the support of José ‘Joe’ Koechlin (Inkaterra Association). CM thanks Mario Blanco for his comments on the authority of M. fletcheriana. The study was funded by the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico (CONVENIO Nº 126-2020-FONDECYT), through a research grant to CM.We propose the new species Maxillaria bicentenaria from the montane forest of central Peru and provide an amendment of the description of Maxillaria pyhalae. Maxillaria bicentenaria is similar to M. pyhalae but differs by the elliptic to sub-elliptic labellum, the labellum distal half irregularly plicate, the flattened and transversally sub-trapezoidal labellar callus, the campanulate to sub-campanulate protuberance at the labellum apex centre, and the conspicuous carina with a sharp edge towards the top of the anther. Illustrations, pictures, and a distribution map are provided for both Maxillaria species. The differential features of both species are presented and previous misidentified records are discussed. Finally, a comment on the author name of Maxillaria fletcheriana is also provided. Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Disaster Intensity-Based Selection of Training Samples for Remote Sensing Building Damage Classification
No full textPrevious applications of machine learning in remote sensing for the identification of damaged buildings in the aftermath of a large-scale disaster have been successful. However, standard methods do not consider the complexity and costs of compiling a training data set after a large-scale disaster. In this article, we study disaster events in which the intensity can be modeled via numerical simulation and/or instrumentation. For such cases, two fully automatic procedures for the detection of severely damaged buildings are introduced. The fundamental assumption is that samples that are located in areas with low disaster intensity mainly represent nondamaged buildings. Furthermore, areas with moderate to strong disaster intensities likely contain damaged and nondamaged buildings. Under this assumption, a procedure that is based on the automatic selection of training samples for learning and calibrating the standard support vector machine classifier is utilized. The second procedure is based on the use of two regularization parameters to define the support vectors. These frameworks avoid the collection of labeled building samples via field surveys and/or visual inspection of optical images, which requires a significant amount of time. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated via application to three real cases: the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake-tsunami, the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, and the 2018 Okayama floods. The resulted accuracy ranges between 0.85 and 0.89, and thus, it shows that the result can be used for the rapid allocation of affected buildings. © 1980-2012 IEEE.Manuscript received March 30, 2020; revised August 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020; accepted December 10, 2020. Date of publication January 13, 2021; date of current version September 27, 2021. This work was supported in part by the National Fund for Scientific, Technological, and Technological Innovation Development (Fondecyt-Peru) within the framework of the “Project for the Improvement and Extension of the Services of the National System of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation” under Contract 038-2019, in part by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) CREST Project under Grant JP-MJCR1411, in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Kakenhi under Grant 17H06108, in part by the Core Research Cluster of Disaster Science at Tohoku University (a Designated National University), and in part by the Helmholtz Association under Grant “pre_DICT” (PD-305). (Corresponding author: Luis Moya.) Luis Moya is with the Japan-Peru Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Disaster Mitigation (CISMID), National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru, and also with the International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan (e-mail: [email protected])
Evaluation of antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Actinobacteria isolated from the saline lagoons of northwestern Peru
No full textExtreme environments Morrope and Bayovar Salt lagoons, several ecosystems and microhabitats remain unexplored, and little is known about the diversity of Actinobacteria. We suggest that the endemic bacteria present in this extreme environment is a source of active molecules with anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic properties. Using phenotypic and genotypic characterization techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified these bacteria as members of the genera Streptomyces, Pseudonocardia, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. Actinobacteria strains were found predominantly. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 13 Actinobacteria clusters of Streptomyces, the main genus. Three Streptomycetes, strains MW562814, MW562805, and MW562807 showed antiproliferative activities against three tumor cell lines: U251 glioma, MCF7 breast, and NCI-H460 lung (non-small cell type); and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, and the multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AC-972. The antiproliferative activities (measured as total growth inhibition [TGI]) of Streptomyces sp. MW562807 were 0.57 μg/mL, for 0.61 μg/mL, and 0.80 μg/mL for glioma, lung non-small cell type, and breast cancer cell lines, respectively; the methanolic fraction of the crude extract showed a better antiproliferative activity and could inhibit the growth of (U251 (TGI = 38.3 μg/mL), OVCAR-03 (TGI = 62.1 μg/mL), and K562 (TGI = 81.5 μg/mL)) of nine tumor cells types and one nontumor cell type. Extreme enviroments, such as the Morrope and Bayovar Salt saloons are promising sources of new bacteria, whose compounds may be useful for treating various infectious diseases or even some types of cancer. © 2021 Flores Clavo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This study has been financed by the Concytec - World Bank Project "Improvement and Expansion of the Services of the National System of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation" 8682-PE, to the "World Bank", to "CONCYTEC" through its executing unit ProCiencia [contract number 190-2018]" and "The postgraduate programs in Genetics and Molecular Biology
High prevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in cattle in Amazonas, Peru
No full textThis study was carried out within the framework of the Doctoral Program in Sciences for Sustainable Development financed by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development and Technological Innovation (FONDECYT) and the World Bank Group. CDQ was funded by FONDECYT 03-2018- FONDECYT/BM-DOCTORATE PROGRAMS IN STRATEGIC AND GENERAL AREAS- ?Doctorate in Sciences for Sustainable Development?. JRT, SMC, HF and RT are funded by Contrato N? 09-2019-FONDECYT-BM-INC.INV. Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CBUA. The authors wish to thank Cecilia Pajuelo, Carla Montenegro and Rocio Jara Vilca for their contribution in the laboratory procedures.Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by parasites of the genus Fasciola spp. which cause an important loss to the livestock industry. The objectives of this study were: to estimate the prevalence of fascioliasis in three provinces of Amazonas, to evaluate possible risk factors of infection in cattle and to genetically characterize the Fasciola haplotypes circulating in this area. According to the results the prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle was 90.13% (712/790). Odds ratio results showed a significant association between fascioliasis and the Brown Swiss breed (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.57–4.35; p < 0.001), and with female cattle older than 30 months (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05–2.79; p < 0.031). According to the molecular genetic studies using the gene marker NAD1, six haplotypes of Fasciola hepatica were found in the 35 infected livers collected. The results obtained in this study are concerning due to the high prevalence presented and it reveals the necessity of a continuing monitoring because of the high risk of transmission to humans. © 2021 The AuthorsConsejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Lipid yields from oleaginous yeasts isolated from the north peruvian andes by culture media non-limiting nitrogen
No full textTo the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) and Active Science of Peru, for providing the resources that allowed the realization of this research (Agreement N? 165-2017-FONDECYT).Oleochemicals can be obtained from oily yeasts due to their ability to produce a high lipid content. This research aimed to isolate them from the North Peruvian Andes with a lipid content greater than 20%. They were identified by sequencing internal transcribed spacer regions ITS of conserved ribosomal DNA (rDNA), evaluate their growth kinetics, biomass and lipid yields, using culture media with C/N 100:1+xylose (MS-1-7) and 2:1+glucose (MS-2-7). Growth kinetics up to the maximum stationary phase was evaluated using the parameterized Gompertz type II model. Rhodotorula glutinis, R. mucilaginosa, and R. kratochvilovae were selected. The C/N ratio in the culture medium influenced growth kinetics, biomass and lipids yields. With MS-1-7, a high specific growth rate (?max) was obtained, reaching the stationary phase between 6 to 9 h and the highest lipid accumulation between 23.1% and 31.5%. With the MS-2-7 medium, maximum biomass value obtained in the stationary phase between 37 and 51 h, which generated the highest biomass yields at the end of the entire process and lipid yield of 4.65, 5.59, and 8.80 g L-1 in the strains mentioned. There is potential to obtain high lipid yields using a culture media non-limiting nitrogen, examining not only the C/N ratio. But also, the quantities, nature of the components, and type of oleaginous yeasts taking care to avoid a high carbon concentration to prevent the Cabtree effect. © Author (s).Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Nutritional, physical and sensory characteristics of bread with the inclusion of germinated basul (Erythrina edulis) flour
No full textThe authors are thankful to the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT-Peru) for the financing granted pursuant to Contract No. 121-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-SE.The goal was to assess the effect of different substitution levels (SL) of wheat flour with germinated basul flour (GBF) on nutritional, physical, and sensory characteristics of bread. The previously soaked basul fruits were germinated, dried, and transformed into flour. This product substituted wheat flour in the following SL: 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20% of GBF, respectively, for the processing of loaves of bread. Nutritional values were determined by AOAC method. The physical characteristics assessed were weight, volume, porosity, and colour. The Flash Profile technique was used for the sensory assessment. A significant increase in the content of protein and crude fibre (3.86 and 50.49%, respectively) and a decrease in the content of carbohydrates (2.57%) were observed in all loaves with SL of 20%. With this same SL, it was observed that the physical characteristics did not differ significantly, except for height. In the sensory characteristics, loaves made with 20% SL also had a sweet flavour and a spongy appearance, except for the colour (change to opaque colour), which gradually decreased with the increased SL. The inclusion of GBF in bread improved nutritional and sensory quality, without affecting physical quality, which is why it can be considered healthy food. © 2021, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Process evaluation of complex interventions in chronic and neglected tropical diseases in low- and middle-income countries—a scoping review protocol
No full textThe COHESION (COmmunity HEalth System InnovatiON) Project was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Development Cooperation under the Swiss Program for Research on Global Issues for Development. M.L.-P. receives funding from the Swiss Excellence Government Scholarship (2018.0698). JJM acknowledges having received support from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), the Bernard Lown Scholars in Cardiovascular Health Program at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (BLSCHP-1902), Bloomberg Philanthropies, FONDECYT via CIENCIACTIVA/CONCYTEC, British Council, British Embassy and the Newton-Paulet Fund (223-2018, 224-2018), DFID/MRC/Wellcome Global Health Trials (MR/M007405/1), Fogarty International Center (R21TW009982, D71TW010877), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04), International Development Research Center Canada (IDRC 106887, 108167), Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), Medical Research Council (MR/P008984/1, MR/P024408/1, MR/P02386X/1), National Cancer Institute (1P20CA217231), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (HHSN268200900033C, 5U01HL114180, 1UM1HL134590), National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), Wellcome Trust (074833/Z/04/Z, 093541/Z/10/Z, 107435/Z/15/Z, 103994/Z/14/Z, 205177/Z/16/Z, 214185/Z/18/Z) and the World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1224).Background: The use of process evaluations is a growing area of interest in research groups working on complex interventions. This methodology tries to understand how the intervention was implemented to inform policy and practice. A recent systematic review by Liu et al. on process evaluations of complex interventions addressing non-communicable diseases found few studies in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC) because it was restricted to randomized controlled trials, primary healthcare level and non-communicable diseases. Yet, LMICs face different barriers to implement interventions in comparison to high-income countries such as limited human resources, access to health care and skills of health workers to treat chronic conditions especially at primary health care level. Therefore, understanding the challenges of interventions for non-communicable diseases and neglected tropical diseases (diseases that affect poor populations and have chronic sequelae) will be important to improve how process evaluation is designed, conducted and used in research projects in LMICs. For these reasons, in comparison to the study of Liu et al., the current study will expand the search strategy to include different study designs, languages and settings. Objective: Map research using process evaluation in the areas of non-communicable diseases and neglected tropical diseases to inform the gaps in the design and conduct of this type of research in LMICs. Methods: Scoping review of process evaluation studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs of complex interventions implemented in LMICs including participants with non-communicable diseases or neglected tropical diseases and their health care providers (physicians, nurses, technicians and others) related to achieve better health for all through reforms in universal coverage, public policy, service delivery and leadership. The aspects that will be evaluated are as follows: (i) available evidence of process evaluation in the areas of non-communicable diseases and neglected tropical diseases such as frameworks and theories, (ii) methods applied to conduct process evaluations and (iii) gaps between the design of the intervention and its implementation that were identified through the process evaluation. Studies published from January 2008. Exclusion criteria are as follows: not peer reviewed articles, not a report based on empirical research, not reported in English or Spanish or Portuguese or French, reviews and non-human research. Discussion: This scoping review will map the evidence of process evaluations conducted in LMICs. It will also identify the methods they used to collect and interpret data, how different theories and frameworks were used and lessons from the implementation of complex interventions. This information will allow researchers to conduct better process evaluations considering special characteristics from countries with limited human resources, scarce data available and limited access to health care. © 2021, The Author(s).Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Funcionalización de compositos poliméricos a través de recubrimientos de óxido de zinc dopado con aluminio depositados por pulverización catódica de radio frecuencia
No full textEn este trabajo de tesis se evalúa la capacidad de depositar películas delgadas de óxido de zinc dopado con aluminio sobre sustratos poliméricos flexibles impresos en 3D. Se presentan los resultados de la caracterización óptica, eléctrica y estructural de las películas delgadas de óxido de zinc dopado con aluminio depositadas sobre sustratos con diferentes niveles de flexibilidad. El objetivo es evaluar la capacidad de la película delgada de mantener sus propiedades electrónicas sobre estos sustratos flexibles incluso después de ser activado térmicamente. Para esto, las muestras son caracterizadas óptica y electrónicamente después de ser activadas a través de tratamientos térmicos de hasta 260°C. Los resultados de las películas con sustrato polimérico se comparan con los de una película depositada sobre sílica fundida. El principal resultado de este estudio sistemático es el comportamiento de la conductividad del óxido de zinc dopado con aluminio en función de la flexibilidad del material del sustrato.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy