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El valor de la gestión de la información sobre investigación
No full textAborda la importancia de la gestion de la información de la investigación y explica temas referidos a la interoperabilidad del ecosistema, entre otros aspectos
Plataforma PerúCRIS
No full textPresenta al Proyecto PerúCRIS abordando su visión, objetivo y estrategia, la arquitectura general del software, las etapas del proyecto y estado actual. Asimismo menciona los próximos pasos del proyecto, su articulación y aspectos referidos a la gobernanza de datos, datos abiertos y ciencia abierta
Gestión de Investigación en la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL)
No full textDescribe el servicio de gestión de la investigación en la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL) y muestra su CRIS institucional
Advances in the design and application of transition metal oxide-based supercapacitors
No full textThe Peruvian government agencies CONCYTEC and FONDECYT/World Bank (contract 026-2019 FONDECYTBMINC.INV) .In the last years, supercapacitors (SCs) have been proposed as a promising alternative to cover the power density deficiency presented in batteries. Electrical double-layer SCs, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) have shown very attractive features such as high-power density, long cycle life, and tunable specific capacitance. The advances of these energy storage devices made by transition metal oxides (TMOs) and their production in pseudocapacitors and HSCs depend on chemical composition, crystalline structure, morphology, theoretical capacitance, and oxidation states. In this way, this critical review considers several metal oxides (RuO2, MnO2, V2O5, and Co3O4) and their different configurations with diverse carbon-based materials. Energy storage mechanisms and fundamental principles to understand the promising effect of metal oxides in SCs devices are thoroughly described. Special attention as regards to the energy storage mechanisms relative to the specific capacitance values is presented in the reviewed articles. This review envisages the TMO as a key component to obtain high specific capacitance SCs.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Detection of Viral and Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens Identified by Molecular Methods in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients and Its Impact on Mortality and Unfavorable Outcomes
No full textThe research was funded by FONDECYT through the project Coinfeccion por patogenos respiratorios virales y bacterianos detectados por metodos moleculares en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 y su impacto en la mortalidad y desenlaces desfavorables (Convenio N degrees 044-2020-FONDECYT) and Research Vice-chancellor of Universidad Ricardo Palma.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens detected by molecular methods in sputum samples of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to evaluate its impact on mortality and unfavorable outcomes (in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation). Patients and Methods: The prospective cohort included patients with diagnosis of COVID-19 hospitalized at Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from clinical records. Sputum samples were analyzed with the Biofire Filmarray Pneumonia plus (R) respiratory panel. Crude and adjusted associations with unfavorable outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results: Ninety-three patients who were able to collect sputum samples were recruited between September 8 and December 28, 2020. The median age was 61.7 years (IQR 52.3-69-8) and 66 (71%) were male. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea, cough, fever, and general malaise found in 80 (86%), 76 (82%), 45 (48%), and 34 (37%) patients, respectively. Fifty-three percent of patients had comorbidities. Seventy-six (82%) patients received antibiotics prior to admission and 29 (31%) developed unfavorable outcome. Coinfection was evidenced in 38 (40.86%) cases. The most frequently found bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Haemophilus influenzae and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 11 (11.83%), 10 (10.75%), 10 (10.75%), and 8 (8.6%) cases, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in one case (1.08%). We neither identify atypical bacteria nor influenza virus. No association was found between the presence of viral or bacterial microorganisms and development of unfavorable outcomes (OR 1.63; 95% CI 0.45-5.82). Conclusion: A high frequency of respiratory pathogens was detected by molecular methods in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia but were not associated with unfavorable outcomes. No atypical agents or influenza virus were found. The high use antibiotics before admission is a concern. Our data suggest that the use of drug therapy against atypical bacteria and viruses would not be justified in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Diversity, distribution and natural Leishmania infection of sand flies from communities along the Interoceanic Highway in the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
No full textThis work was supported by the US DoD Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division and its Global Emerging Infections Surveillance branch (AFHSD/GEIS), PROMIS ID P0143_19_N6_03, 2019-2020. AGL is supported by training grant D43 TW007393 awarded by the Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health. JGP was supported by FONDECYT-CONCYTEC (grant contract number 100-2016FONDECYT). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Author summary Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions affecting up to 2 million people every year. Currently, there is concern about the effects of human-made environmental changes on the transmission of leishmaniasis due to increased exposure to the sand fly vector. In this paper, the authors explored changes in the distribution of sand flies and natural leishmania infection across communities located along the interoceanic highway that connects Peru and Brazil. The study found differences in sand fly species composition and abundance between and within sites as well as a lower sand fly diversity in communities with high human disturbance. Ten pools belonging to Lutzomyia shawi, Lu. carrerai carrerai, Lu. yuilli yuilli, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta, Lu. (Helcocyrtomyia) spp. and Lu. (Lutzomyia) spp. were found positive for Leishmania spp. The majority of these positive pools were collected from a single community and far from the highway. The information provided by this manuscript will serve as a baseline to assess the effects of human activities in the region and guide future surveillance and intervention strategies. The Peruvian-Brazilian border is a highly endemic tegumentary leishmaniasis region in South America. The interoceanic highway is a commercial route that connects Peru and Brazil through Madre de Dios and has raised concerns about its impact on previously undisturbed areas. In order to assess leishmaniasis transmission risk along this highway, we conducted a surveillance study of the sand fly populations in this area. Sand flies were collected between 2009 and 2010 along transects at 200 m, 600 m and 1000 m from six study sites located along the highway (Iberia, La Novia, Alto Libertad, El Carmen, Florida Baja, Mazuko and Mavila) and an undisturbed area (Malinowski). Collected specimens were identified based on morphology and non-engorged females of each species were pooled and screened by kinetoplast PCR to detect natural Leishmania infections. A total of 9,023 specimens were collected belonging to 54 different Lutzomyia species including the first report of Lu. gantieri in Peru. Four species accounted for 50% of all specimens (Lutzomyia carrerai carrerai, Lu. davisi, Lu. shawi and Lu. richardwardi). El Carmen, Alto Libertad, Florida Baja and Malinowski presented higher Shannon diversity indexes (H = 2.36, 2.30, 2.17 and 2.13, respectively) than the most human disturbed sites of Mazuko and La Novia (H = 1.53 and 1.06, respectively). PCR detected 10 positive pools belonging to Lu. carrerai carrerai, Lu. yuilli yuilli, Lu. hirsuta hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., and Lu. (Lutzomyia) spp. Positive pools from 1,000 m transects had higher infectivity rates than those from 600 m and 200 m transects (9/169 = 5.3% vs 0/79 = 0% and 1/127 = 0.8%, p = 0.018). El Carmen, accounted for eight out of ten positives whereas one positive was collected in Florida Baja and Mazuko each. Our study has shown differences in sand fly diversity, abundance and species composition across and within sites. Multiple clustered Lutzomyia pools with natural Leishmania infection suggest a complex, diverse and spotty role in leishmaniasis transmission in Madre de Dios, with increased risk farther from the highway.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
Influence of the Coupling South Atlantic Convergence Zone-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (SACZ-ENSO) on the Projected Precipitation Changes over the Central Andes
No full textJuan Sulca was funded by Peruvian PPR068 program Reduccion de vulnerabilidad y atencion de emergencias por desastres. The work was performed using computational resources, HPC-Linux-Cluster, from Laboratorio de Dinamica de Fluidos Geofisicos Computacionales at Instituto Geofisico del Peru (grants 101-2014-FONDECYT). R. P. da Rocha thanks to CNPq-Brazil (#304949/2018-3 and 430314/2018-3). Moreover, the authors thank Enciso for his help with the production of some figures. We are very grateful to three anonymous reviewers who provided us with valuable comments, which helped us to advance our results significantly and to improve the paper.There are no studies related to the influence of the coupling between the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pattern variability on future changes in the austral summer (December-February, DJF) precipitation over the central Andes. Therefore, we evaluated the historical simulations (1980-2005) and projections (2070-2099) for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP 8.5) scenario of 25 global climate models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Moreover, we also consider the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) projections nested in three CMIP5 GCMs (GFDL-ESM2M, MPI-ESM-MR, and HadGEM2-ES) under RCP 8.5. We separate the CMIP5 GCMs according to their abilities to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of ENSO and the SACZ for the historical period. We found that only three out of 25 CMIP5 GCMs (hereafter group A) simulate the nonlinear characteristics of ENSO and the SACZ during the historical period. Although most CMIP5 GCM project DJF precipitation decreases over the central Andes, group A project precipitation increases related to the projected increase in deep convection over the central Peruvian Amazon. On the regional scale, only RegGFDL (nested in a group A CMIP5 GCM) projects a statistically significant increase in DJF precipitation (similar to 5-15%) over the northern central Andes and the central Peruvian Amazon. Conversely, all RegCM4 simulations project a decrease in DJF precipitation (similar to-10%) over the southern central Andes.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Integrating Parasitological and Entomological Observations to Understand Malaria Transmission in Riverine Villages in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textThis work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Tecnologica (grant number 008-2014-FONDECYT); the Academie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Superieur-Commission de la Cooperation au Developpement of Belgium (grant number ARES-CCD, PRD-Peru 2014-2019 to N. S., A. L. C., and A. R. A.); World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (grant number 201460655 to D. G.); and National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grant numbers U19AI089681 to J. M. V. and R01AI110112 to J. E. C.). A. R. A. is a Postdoctoral Researcher of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, Belgium).Background. Remote rural riverine villages account for most of the reported malaria cases in the Peruvian Amazon. As transmission decreases due to intensive standard control efforts, malaria strategies in these villages will need to be more focused and adapted to local epidemiology. Methods. By integrating parasitological, entomological, and environmental observations between January 2016 and June 2017, we provided an in-depth characterization of malaria transmission dynamics in 4 riverine villages of the Mazan district, Loreto department. Results. Despite variation across villages, malaria prevalence by polymerase chain reaction in March 2016 was high (>25% in 3 villages), caused by Plasmodium vivax mainly and composed of mostly submicroscopic infections. Housing without complete walls was the main malaria risk factor, while households close to forest edges were more commonly identified as spatial clusters of malaria prevalence. Villages in the basin of the Mazan River had a higher density of adult Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes, and retained higher prevalence and incidence rates compared to villages in the basin of the Napo River despite test-and-treat interventions. Conclusions. High heterogeneity in malaria transmission was found across and within riverine villages, resulting from interactions between the microgeographic landscape driving diverse conditions for vector development, housing structure, and human behavior.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
On the dynamic mechanisms of intense rainfall events in the central Andes of Peru, Mantaro valley
No full textPresent study comes under the project MAGNET-IGP: Strengthening the research line in physics and microphysics of the atmosphere (Agreement No 010-2017-FONDECYT) This work was done using instruments of the Laboratory of Physics, Microphysics and Radiation (LAMAR) and computational resources, HPC-Linux -Cluster, from Laboratorio de Dinamica de Fluidos Geofisicos Computacionales at Instituto Geofisico del Peru (grants 101-2014-FONDECYT, SPIRALES2012 IRD-IGP, Manglares IGP-IDRC, PP068 program).We also thank Mr. Luis Suarez Salas for the support of LAMAR instruments.The present study was aimed at analysing the main atmospheric dynamic mechanisms associated with the occurrence of intense rainfall events above the Huancayo observatory (12.05 degrees S, 75.32 degrees W, 3313 m asl) in the central Andes of Peru (Mantaro valley) from January 2018 to April 2019. To identify the rainfall events, we used a set of instruments from the laboratory of physics, microphysics and radiation (LAMAR) composed by in-situ pluviometric observations, satellite remote sensing data (GPM), Cloud Radar (MIRA-35c), Boundary Layer Tropospheric Radar (BLTR) and downscaling model simulations with WRF (resolutions: 18 km, 6 km and 2 km) and ARPS (0.5 km) models to analyse the dynamics of the atmosphere for the synoptic, meso and local processes that control the occurrence of these rainfall events. The results showed that all intense rainfall events are associated with the presence of thermal meso-scale circulations that transport moisture fluxes through passes with gentle slopes along both sides of the Andes. The easterly moisture fluxes come in from the South America Low Level Jet (SALLJ) and the westerly moisture fluxes from the Pacific Ocean. The arrival of these moisture flows to regions within the Mantaro valley depends on their coupling with the circulations at medium and high levels of the atmosphere. At the synoptic scale, the results show that the rainfall events can be separated into two groups: the first one associated with westerly circulations (WC) at the mid and upper levels of the atmosphere, generated by the weakening and eastern displacement of the anticyclonic Bolivian high-North east low (BH-NE) system, and the second associated with easterly circulations (EC) at the mid and upper levels of the atmosphere, generated by the intensification of the BH-NE system. The observed and simulated results showed that multicell convective systems of WC events are more extensive and deeper than EC events. This situation can be explained as the convergence of moisture fluxes from opposite directions occurred within the Mantaro basin for WC events. In contrast, for EC events, the convergence develops at the east Andes mountain range, following which the multicell storm system propagates westward, driven by easterly circulations. The EC events occur mostly in the summer months, while the WC events occur mostly in the autumn and spring months. Moreover, apparently the inertia gravity waves (IGWs) formed in the Amazon basin transport moisture and energy to the central Andes plateau and intensify the convection processes.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Chemical characterization and in vitro digestibility of Amazonian seeds and agro-industrial by-products with potential for animal feed [Caracterización química y digestibilidad in vitro de semillas y subproductos agroindustriales amazónicos con potencial para alimentación animal]
No full textLos autores agradecen al proyecto 189-2105-FONDECYT-DE ?Caracterización bromatológica de insumos no tradicionales para alimentación animal de la región Amazonas, por financiar la ejecución de presente estudio.The chemical characteristics and in vitro digestibility of eleven inputs, divided into three groups were determined: seeds (sacha inchi [(Plukenetia volubilis], castor [Ricinus communis] and chia [Salvia hispanica]), by-products derived from rice (nielen, husk and powder) and agro-industrial residues of tropical plants and fruits (sugarcane bagasse, coffee pulp, outer shell and mucilage of cocoa [Theobroma cacao], orange pulp [Citrus sinensis] and bean pod [Caesalpinia spinosa]) with potential in animal feed. The samples were collected in the Amazon region, Peru. Its proximal composition, crude fibre content (FC), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), calcium and phosphorus, as well as in vitro digestibility and gross energy (EB) were determined. Oilseeds stood out for their high oil content, high energy value and an important source of calcium and phosphorus; sacha inchi presented high protein content of 28.75 ± 0.29%. Rice byproducts were shown to be important sources of carbohydrates, with high digestibility except for the husk. The latter, like the residues of sugar cane and cocoa, showed a high content of FC, FDA and NDF. Among the other agro-industrial residues, the coffee pulp presented higher protein content with 9.7%; orange and bean residues have higher calcium values (between 0.5 and 0.7%), phosphorus (between 0.3 and 0.5%) and high digestibility (between 93 and 95%). Therefore, the evaluated inputs, due to their chemical composition, low cost and bioavailability, show potential for animal feed. © 2021 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. All rights reserved.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte