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Bipolar disorder and cumulative trauma : a systematic review of prevalence and illness outcomes
No full textBackground: The experience of cumulative trauma may be common in bipolar disorder (BD). However, it is not frequently reported as most studies focus on childhood trauma without examining differences in the amount of trauma experienced. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of lifetime cumulative trauma in BD as well as explore associated illness outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was completed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Both the prevalence and outcomes of cumulative trauma in BD were assessed. Five electronic databases were searched (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and PTSD Pubs) for records from January 2010 until December 2022. Results: A total of 20 studies, with 9304 participants were included in the narrative synthesis. At least one-third of BD participants had experienced cumulative trauma, with a prevalence range from 29% to 82%. The main outcomes associated with a history of cumulative trauma were earlier age of onset, longer episode duration, more lifetime mood episodes, greater likelihood of experiencing psychotic features, and higher likelihood of past suicide attempts. Limitations: This review has been limited by the lack of studies directly assessing cumulative trauma in BD. Conclusions: Cumulative trauma is prevalent in BD. Preliminary evidence indicates an association with a range of adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for clinicians to obtain a detailed trauma history and to consider these risks in the management of the disorder. Future studies should report on the prevalence of cumulative trauma, particularly in adulthood as this area remains unexplored
Influence of nose angle on performance of dense medium cyclones with volute inlet
No full textDense medium cyclones (DMCs) are widely used in coal mine sorting processes to improve the quality of coal products and reduce pollution. The conventional linear inlet DMCs has the problems of unstable flow field, high turbulence density and low separation efficiency. Based on these concerns, the volute inlet DMCs was proposed, however the nose angle as one of the most critical parameters has not yet been investigated in depth. In this paper, a DMC with volute inlet is investigated, and the effect of nose angle is studied by a computational fluid dynamics model in terms of flow field, particle motion and the forces acting on the particles. The performance of the DMC is evaluated with respect to the inlet nose angle. As the nose angle increases from 0 to 180 deg., the separation efficiency has a tendency to increase and then decrease with the inflection point founding when nose angle is 180 deg. Then the flow field, particle distribution and particle force are analyzed respectively. The results show that the symmetry and stability of the flow field can be significantly improved as nose angle increases from 0 to 180 deg., but they remain almost constant when nose angle is 270°. In addition, a quantification method of the short-circuiting flow is established and it has been found that increasing the nose angle can notably reduce the short-circuiting flow. In terms of particle phase, increasing the nose angle causes heavier particle distribution tends to concentrate. During this period, the variation pattern of forces on particles with different nose angles is also analyzed. The DMC with a nose angle of 180 deg. has a longer acceleration zone at the entrance height and an increased radial force on the particles, which results in better performance. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the structure optimization of dense medium cyclones
[In Press] Social media use by young people with language disorders : a scoping review
No full textPurpose: Social media are widely used by young people (YP), but how YP with language disorders use social media for social interaction remains insufficiently studied. This article provides an overview of the research on social media use by YP with language disorders. Materials and methods: A scoping review was conducted, guided by a five-stage framework. Ten databases were searched (CENTRAL, CINAHL, ERIC, LLBA, Medline, PsychINFO, Scopus, speechBITE, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global). Chaining searches of papers identified for inclusion were conducted. Results: After screening 199 unique papers, 44 were included. Findings revealed that YP with language disorders use social media less compared to typically developing peers; their profile of communication difficulties may impact the types of social media with which they engage. Although intervention studies are limited, the results offer encouraging findings regarding the positive impact of support for use of social media. Barriers and facilitators for social media use are identified. Conclusions: YP with language disorders use social media for social purposes. However, co-designed research into what YP with language disorders perceive their social media needs to be is urgently needed. How to support YP with language disorders to use social media is subject to future investigation
Machine learning in neurological disorders : a multivariate LSTM and AdaBoost approach to Alzheimer's disease time series analysis
No full textIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder that impairs cognitive functions, behavior, and memory. Early detection is crucial as it can slow down the progression of AD. However, early diagnosis and monitoring of AD's advancement pose significant challenges due to the necessity for complex cognitive assessments and medical tests. Methods: This study introduces a data acquisition technique and a preprocessing pipeline, combined with multivariate long short-term memory (M-LSTM) and AdaBoost models. These models utilize biomarkers from cognitive assessments and neuroimaging scans to detect the progression of AD in patients, using The AD Prediction of Longitudinal Evolution challenge cohort from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Results: The methodology proposed in this study significantly improved performance metrics. The testing accuracy reached 80% with the AdaBoost model, while the M-LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 82%. This represents a 20% increase in accuracy compared to a recent similar study. Discussion: The findings indicate that the multivariate model, specifically the M-LSTM, is more effective in identifying the progression of AD compared to the AdaBoost model and methodologies used in recent research
Piezoelectric applications of low-dimensional composites and porous materials
No full textLow-dimensional (LD) materials, with atomically thin anisotropic structures, exhibit remarkable physical and chemical properties, prominently featuring piezoelectricity resulting from the absence of centrosymmetry. This characteristic has led to diverse applications, including sensors, actuators, and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems. While piezoelectric effects are observed across zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) LD materials, challenges such as effective charge separation and crystal structure imperfections limit their full potential. Addressing these issues requires innovative solutions, with the integration of LD materials with polymers, ceramics, metals, and other porous materials proving a key strategy to significantly enhance piezoelectric properties. This review comprehensively covers recent advances in synthesizing and characterizing piezoelectric composites based on LD materials and porous materials. The synergistic combination of LD materials with other substances, especially porous materials, demonstrates notable performance improvements, addressing inherent challenges. The review also explores future directions and challenges in developing these composite materials, highlighting potential applications across various technological domains
Calling up ghosts : acoustic playback of social vocalisations reveals complex communication in a cryptic bat and provides a promising tool for monitoring disturbance‑sensitive species
No full textConservation is particularly challenging for species that are highly sensitive to disturbance and negatively affected by monitoring procedures. Australia's ecologically and culturally significant ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) has suffered substantial population declines, in part due to disturbance and loss of roost sites. This sensitivity poses impediments to studies of the ghost bat's ecology and behaviour, which in turn inhibits evidence-based conservation and management of the species. We used full-spectrum acoustic playback, in combination with thermal video recordings and netting, as a novel method to investigate the behavioural ecology of this enigmatic bat. We tested whether ghost bats are responsive to conspecific social vocalisations and, if so, whether responses differ according to signaller and receiver characteristics. Individuals were attracted strongly to two of four vocalisation types, and responses depended on sex, thus providing the first experimental evidence that the ghost bat's complex vocal repertoire has multiple functions. Responses did not differ with geographic location, indicating that our method can be used across the species' range. We discuss how full-spectrum acoustic playback helps improve our knowledge of the behavioural ecology of this species and highlight the applicability of our methods for targeting specific conservation needs in bats
The mobilisation of professional identity : a scoping and lexical review
No full textInterprofessional care obliges different healthcare professions to share decision-making and sometimes, practices. Given established hierarchies, it can be difficult to promote interprofessional care, partly because of the need to reshape professional identities. Despite interest in effective interprofessional care, there is limited research on how professional identity can be mobilised to promote it. A scoping review as well as lexical review of academic publications was conducted to address this void. After searching seven academic databases and screening the identified publications, 22 publications met the inclusion criteria. They collectively reported on 22 interventions, most of which were used in healthcare. The scoping review suggested there is some evidence that professional identities can be mobilised. Yet, of the 22 interventions, only ten explicitly targeted professional identity. The most common intervention was a training or development program, followed by workplace redesign. The need for internal motivation to mobilise professional identity was reported as was the impact of external drivers, like extending the scope of practice. Extending these findings, the lexical review demonstrated that, among the 22 publications, the relationship between professional identity and mobilisation did not feature prominently within the discourse. Furthermore, it seems that geography matters–that is, while all the publications spoke of professional identity, they differed by region on how they did this. Given these findings, concentrated scholarship is needed on the relationship between professional identity and interprofessional care, lest interprofessional care programs have limited, sustained effect. Implications for scholars and practitioners are explicated
[In Press] Fixed-time composite anti-disturbance control for flexible-link manipulators based on disturbance observer
No full textIn this paper, a novel fixed-time composite anti-disturbance control framework is proposed for n-degrees of freedom (n-DOF) flexible-link manipulator systems with modelling uncertainties and external disturbances. The aim is to ensure that the considered system achieves suppression of elastic vibrations while tracking time-varying trajectories. First, based on the singular perturbation theory, the nonlinear coupled system is decomposed into a slow subsystem and a fast subsystem. Second, a disturbance observer based on the super-twisting algorithm is designed to estimate multiple disturbances within a fixed time, and then the fixed-time tracking control scheme for the slow subsystem is developed by means of the designed observer. For fast dynamics, a barrier Lyapunov function is introduced to implement the fixed-time vibration suppression control scheme. The fixed-time stability of the tracking error system is demonstrated via the Lyapunov function method. Finally, simulation results of two-link flexible manipulator systems verify that the proposed control algorithm can improve the tracking speed and precision
Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific antibodies in Australia following novel epidemic spread : protocol for a national cross-sectional study
No full textMethod Samples are collected using two approaches: from routine blood donors (4153 samples), and active collections targeting high-risk populations (convenience sampling). Consent-based sampling for the latter includes a participant questionnaire on demographic, vaccination and exposure data. Samples are tested for JEV-specific total antibody using a defined epitope-blocking ELISA, and total antibody to Australian endemic flaviviruses Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses. Analysis Two analytic approaches will occur: descriptive estimates of seroprevalence and multivariable logistic regression using Bayesian hierarchical models. Descriptive analyses will include unadjusted analysis of raw data with exclusions for JEV-endemic country of birth, travel to JEV-endemic countries, prior JEV-vaccination, and sex-standardised and age-standardised analyses. Multivariable logistic regression will determine which risk factors are associated with JEV seropositivity likely due to recent transmission within Australia and the relative contribution of each factor when accounting for effects within the model. Ethics National Mutual Acceptance ethical approval was obtained from the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). Local approvals were sought in each jurisdiction. Ethical approval was also obtained from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood HREC. Dissemination Findings will be communicated to participants and their communities, and human and animal health stakeholders and policy-makers iteratively and after final analyses. Understanding human infection rates will inform procurement and targeted allocation of limited JEV vaccine, and public health strategies and communication campaigns, to at-risk populations
Who excludes? : young people's experience of social exclusion
No full textExisting policy research has not comprehensively examined the processes by which young people experience social exclusion: that is, the relationships among different risk factors for exclusion, their actual experiences of exclusion, and outcomes that matter for their life chances. Drawing on data from a survey of Australian 13-14 year olds (N=3,535), this paper adapts the Bristol Social Exclusion Matrix to examine pathways from young people's personal and family resources, their experience of participation (school engagement; bullying victimization; teacher support), and their life satisfaction - a predictive indicator of wellbeing and mental health in adulthood. The effects of other characteristics or risk factors for young people's social exclusion (living with disability, being a young carer, identifying as Indigenous, and speaking a language other than English at home), are also examined. This paper shows that experience of exclusion mediates the relationship between young people's personal and family resources and life satisfaction. Controlling for characteristics or risk factors does not change this relationship, suggesting that processes of social exclusion, enacted in interpersonal encounters, are driven by overarching structural factors. These findings are relevant for policy in Australia, and in other countries with similar policy regimes