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Last-Mile Delivery Models in E-Commerce: Impacts of Sectors, and Population Densities
No full textLast-mile logistics are often characterized by inefficiencies such as fragmented shipments
and limited consolidation, all of which contribute to a growing number of businesses-to-
consumer freight trips, increased congestion and greater environmental impact. Rising
consumer demand for low-cost and fast deliveries, combined with growing sustainability
concerns is heightening the pressure on delivery systems. This study explores how consumer
preferences influence the structure of last-mile logistics solutions and aims to identify how
these preferences can improve delivery efficiency. The study was conducted in the area of
Gothenburg, Sweden, focusing on three distinct regions to examine variations in last-mile
delivery options and consumer preferences. The primary preferences analyzed were time,
cost, convenience, and environmental sustainability. Data was collected from 20 websites
across various e-commerce sectors. The delivery methods evaluated included Home
Delivery, Pick-Up Points, Parcel Lockers, and Click & Collect. Multiple data collection
techniques were employed. The findings indicated that regional differences had no significant
impact on the delivery options provided by the websites. However, the availability of
delivery methods varied depending on the e-commerce sector. The findings indicate that
increased transparency, such as clearer information on attendance, available time slots for
home delivery, and environmental impact of delivery options could improve the efficiency
and sustainability of last-mile logistics. The study is limited to Swedish e-commerce sectors,
websites, and the area of Gothenburg
Kartläggning av postoperativa sårinfektioner efter sternotomi En studie om resursförbrukning och vårdflöden vid Thorax- och kardiologiverksamheten på Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
No full textPostoperativa sårinfektioner efter sternotomi är en ovanlig men allvarlig komplikation efter
hjärtkirurgi. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur denna patientgrupp påverkar
resursanvändningen vid Thorax- och kardiologiverksamheten på Sahlgrenska
Universitetssjukhuset. Studien bygger på en metodkombination med kvantitativa data från
sjukhusets databaser samt kvalitativa intervjuer med vårdpersonal.
Resultatet visar att patienter med postoperativa infektioner har betydligt längre vårdtider,
kräver upprepade operationer och förbrukar mer resurser än patienter inom det elektiva flödet.
Eftersom dessa patienter inte planeras in i det ordinarie operationsschemat uppstår oplanerade
insatser, långa fasteperioder och frekventa ombokningar av vårdtillfällen. Brister i den
digitala dokumentationen försvårar dessutom överblicken och uppföljningen av
patientgruppen. Personal vittnar även om ökad belastning och frustration till följd av upplevd
otillräcklighet.
Studien understryker behovet av förbättrad dokumentation, ökad flexibilitet i planeringen
samt ett större fokus på patientupplevelser vid resursfördelning
Web Accessibility and the problem of exclusively relying on development tools to achieve it.
No full textWeb accessibility remains poorly implemented despite decades of established guidelines, with studies showing that the vast majority of websites fail to meet basic accessibility standards. This research examines the gap between accessibility requirements and implementation practice by investigating what needs developers have on their tools when complying with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Through interviews with content management system developers, users, and individuals with accessibility needs, combined with prototype testing of alternative interface designs, this study reveals that accessibility implementation suffers from a fundamental invisibility problem. Unlike visual design elements that provide immediate feedback, accessibility features operate in a realm largely invisible to content creators, leading to implementations that appear correct but fail real users. Through the formulation of a prototype that tests alternative ways of implementing alt text in a content management system, guidelines emerged that aid users both identify and solve accessibility issues. These guidelines answer the research question by helping developers of content management systems address issues of cognitive load, as well as issues of evaluation and execution to significantly improve implementation accuracy among their users. These are meant to be applied in a meta sense relative to the WCAG, guiding tool designers how to aid their users in adhering to the WCAG by addressing the needs the WCAG puts on its adherers. The study concludes by highlighting limitations of using automated tools when assessing the accessibility of the web, leading to false positives and skewed targets in the development stage. The inclusion of actual users with accessibility needs in throughout the design process being crucial, stressing the complimentary role evaluation tools have as opposed to a sufficient standalone method
The value of hydrogeological information in tunnel design in rock Evaluating VOIA to support pre-investigation decisions
No full textThis thesis investigates the value of hydrogeological information in the design of in frastructure tunnels in fractured rock, with a focus on the Kolmårdentunneln project
in Sweden. Uncertainty in hydraulic conductivity within fracture networks presents a
major challenge in predicting groundwater inflow. To support design decisions under
such uncertainty, this study applies a Value of Information Analysis (VOIA) framework
integrated with hydrogeological modeling.
Two grouting alternatives, Alternative A1 (standard cement-based grouting) and Alter native A2 (cement with supplemental silica sol), were evaluated and compared against
a no-grouting baseline (Alternative A0). Hydraulic conductivity for both general and
Getå fractures was modeled using triangular probability distributions, and inflow sim ulations were performed using MODFLOW with multiple realizations. The analysis
specifically examined tunnel sections prone to failure.
The VOIA was applied through a pre-posterior Bayesian framework, incorporating the
reliability of hydraulic testing methods to estimate the benefit of future investigations.
Cost-benefit analysis was used to determine whether additional data collection is eco nomically justified. Although a positive expected value of information (127,861 SEK)
was found, the optimal decision did not change from prior analysis, indicating that fur ther investigation was not warranted under current conditions.
The results highlight the importance of incorporating uncertainty in tunnel inflow mod eling and the potential of VOIA to support risk-informed and cost-effective design. Rec ommendations for future work include integrating spatial variability, improving com putational efficiency, expert judgment for conditional probability, and combining VOIA
with multi-option decision making
Tidsupplöst verifiering av mikrovågshypertermi för cancerbehandling
No full textMikrovågshypertermi har visat sig vara ett lovande komplement till gängse behandlingsformer för cancer. Behandlingen innebär att en tumör värms upp till 40-44 °C med hjälp av positivt interfererande mikrovågor. Den kliniska implementeringen av mikrovågshypertermi har dock förhindrats av en betydande osäkerhet rörande dess precision. Syftet med detta kandidatarbete var att studera gångbarheten av en termokromisk muskelfantom att användas för att kalibrera och vidareutveckla behandlingsformen. Under arbetets gång utvecklades en transparent och homogen fantomgel i vilken termokromisk färg kunde implementeras för att ge temperaturdata med en uppskattad noggrannhet på ±0.1 °C i ett plan. Med detta som grund konstateras att inget bör förhindra en fullskalig implementering av denna termokromiska fantom i tre dimensioner
Semiotics in architectural transformation: An exploration of the industrial culture in the Lindholmen region
No full textThe purpose of this article is to explore how the history and culture of Gothenburg are reflected in the city's development through the renovation of buildings around abandoned industrial facilities. The ruins protection strategy is formed by combining the design theory derived from urban exploration with semiotics. Through architectural renovation, urban industrial sites are reused on the basis of preserving industrial ruins.
The site of this thesis is chosen near an old crane in Lindholmen. The architecture of the site is characterized by an unique industrial factory surrounding, with decayed building facades. And the purpose of the thesis is to study, in the context of abandoned industrial facilities, how to transform the site to concentrate on the city's history and culture and visualize its potential value.
The structure of this thesis is from theory to practice. The theory of counter space provides a perspective on how to deal with ruins so that they may "regain their value." The site is a collection of ruins and industrial facilities. Due to the unique industrial environment and history of the site, the thesis will use semiotic theory to apply the industrial elements and shipbuilding history into the architecture.
The outcome of the thesis is an architectural transformation of an existing building, where the design will be a collage/assemblage of deconstructed existing elements and added ones, connected to the surrounding. The result is a pragmatic function of a restaurant with the old industrial facilities, while showing the history and culture of Gothenburg
The music of the sea: An observatory of music, space and time
No full textThere is a significant connection between
music and architecture. Similarities could be found not
only in terminology but also in the ways architects and
composers approached their work. Architects made
decisions based on feelings, intuition, and experience
while sketching initial concepts, much like composers
beginning their first musical scores. In both disciplines,
the creative process is driven by an invisible force,
an inspirational flow influenced by the surrounding
environment.
This thesis explored not only the existing
relationship between music and architecture, but also
emphasised the importance of the connection between
humans and nature, the senses, and soundscapes. It
critically examined how our sensory experiences have
been diminished by modern technologies such as
headphones, speakers, and mobile phones.
At the beginning of the thesis, a list of
shared terminology was developed as an inventory
of overlapping terms between the two disciplines.
This served as a conceptual framework for the design
process. Defining these terms helped to visualise the
Keywords: Architecture, music, resonance, sea,
watercolour
similarities and differences between architecture
and music, which were later translated into spatial
structures during the design phase.
The chosen site for the project was
Ganleberget, with its rocky landscape near the sea.
The intention was to observe and map the site using
photography and watercolour techniques, highlighting
phenomena related to the defined terminology. This
exploration served both as inspiration for the design
process and as a means to emphasise the musicality
and form of the landscape.
The final architectural design proposal
expresses the musical character of the site
through watercolour interpretations and spatial
experimentation. A walk-through structure was
designed to allow visitors to experience the sensations
of music. The design aims to enhance the connection
to nature by creating a space that offers a shifted
perspective of the site, introducing a fourth dimension.
The visitor’s movement through the structure becomes
an emotional expression of the landscape’s inherent
musicality
Fastighetsinspektion med multikameradrönare: Möjligheter och utmaningar med innovativa metoder för att identifiera vatteninträngning i fasader
No full textDetta kandidatarbete undersöker hur multikameradrönare kan användas som ett alternativ
eller komplement till traditionella metoder vid fastighetsinspektioner, med särskilt fokus på att
identifiera fuktproblem i byggnaders klimatskal. Studien utgår från en fallstudie av
fastigheten Kortedala Torg 137:7 i Göteborg, som sedan färdigställandet 2019 uppvisat
återkommande problem med vatteninträngning. Målet är att jämföra inspektionsmetoderna
utifrån tidsåtgång, kostnad, detektionsförmåga och säkerhet, samt att bedöma drönarteknikens
potential att effektivisera felsökning och skapa nya affärsmöjligheter inom
fastighetsförvaltning.
Studien tillämpar en sekventiell metodansats (kvalitativ → kvantitativ), där intervjuer med
yrkesverksamma, fältobservationer och analys av bildmaterial insamlat med en
multikameradrönare utrustad med RGB- och värmekamera kombineras. Det insamlade
bildmaterialet analyserades manuellt av en av rapportförfattarna, en drönarpilot och en senior
byggnadsingenjör, med syftet att identifiera termiska avvikelser i fasaden som kan indikera
värmeläckage eller potentiella inläckagevägar för vatten.
Resultatet visar att tekniken medför stora tidsbesparingar jämfört med manuell inspektion,
minskar behovet av höghöjdsarbete och kan upptäcka vissa typer av skador som inte är
synliga för blotta ögat. Samtidigt identifieras flera felkällor, däribland väderpåverkan,
bildupplösning, öppna fönster och svårigheten att tolka värmebilder utan tillräcklig erfarenhet.
Av 25 bekräftade inläckage i fasaden kunde nio kopplas till värmeavvikelser i bildmaterialet.
Även om det inte gjordes någon teknisk verifiering som entydigt bekräftar sambandet
bedömdes det som rimligt att koppla dessa avvikelser till inläckage baserat på närhet och
rimliga rinnvägar. Studien belyser därmed både möjligheterna och begränsningarna med
tekniken, samt osäkerheten i resultatet.
Slutsatsen är att multikameradrönare har stor potential som ett kompletterande verktyg i
fastighetsförvaltningens inspektionsarbete. Tekniken kan lämpa sig särskilt väl för tidiga
skeden i felsökning och för att rikta manuella inspektioner dit felen troligen ligger
Landscapes of extraction: Architectural processes as reenactment of a post-industrial site
No full textStone extraction is a destructive industry which leaves a scarred landscape of irreversible incisions, making it important to consider the treatment of the places it leaves behind. The conventional way of treating these post-industrial landscapes would be to fill the hole in the ground to undo the wrongdoings of the extractive past in an attempt to restore the landscape to a previous state. A move that covers history, memories, and narratives. Trusting nature’s own mechanisms for regeneration, letting nature revive nature.
This thesis provides alternative strategies that do not assume that such a static, ideal state exists. Just like ruins of buildings can carry traces of significant cultural heritage, abandoned sites of extraction are remains of the past of stone quarrying. And just like a ruin can move the imagination of previous stages, these sites carry latent narratives that act as historical foundations from which we can project alternative futures sprung from everyday culture and narratives about the working life of many people.
The thesis explores how architecture can be used to deal with post-industrial landscapes by creatively restoring rather than covering the traces of the site’s former use. Design strategies creating an architectural condition where the past, the present and the future coexist in mutual dialogue. This happens in two ways. First, through investigating and reconstructing the site’s historical layers in representations that index time. And second, through reenacting the process of extracting and working stone through depictions of tools and processes.
The strategies are showcased through the design of a visitors’ center where the process of quarrying stone is reenacted and where the latent stone material of the site functions as building material. Rather than solely exhibiting refined artefacts, the museum creates situations where the extraction and processing of stone can be experienced and linked to the remains of the landscape.
Overall, the thesis examines the legacy of post industrial landscapes by reenacting its former use, while at the same time giving it a new purpose. The program revitalises a post-industrial landscape left abandoned and forgotten, and the architectural process functions as a way to remember its past