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Acute hemodynamic changes associated with dance exercises in females of Lusaka, Zambia
No full textThesisThe research was titled; Acute Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Dance Exercises
in Females of Lusaka, Zambia. Dynamic exercises are known to elicit hemodynamic
changes in the cardiovascular system. Zumba and ZOCA are part of a fast growing
group of dance fitness programmes designed to provide a cardiovascular dynamic
workout by moving the large muscle groups rhythmically, repetitively and continuously
following choreography in synchrony to music. However, despite their growing
popularity, very few studies have been done to provide knowledge regarding the
hemodynamic changes associated with these dance exercises. The study was a case
study in which 27 female participants took part in 60 minutes of either a Zumba or
ZOCA class. Using digital blood pressure monitors, recordings of blood pressure and
heart rate were taken at three different points. The first readings were taken before
commencement of the exercise (baseline measures), the second measurements were
taken 30 minutes after exercise (peak exercise time) and at the end of the class (after the
cool down choreography which is performed slowly in order to gradually restore the
body back to its resting state before exercise). The results obtained were as follows;
Mean baseline blood pressures were 118 and 77 7 mmHg, systolic and
diastolic blood pressure, respectively. After 30 minutes of dancing, mean systolic blood
pressure increased to 130 mmHg (p˂ 0.05) while diastolic blood pressure only rose
to an average of 80 mmHg (p˃ 0.05). At the end of the class (after the cool down
phase) mean systolic blood pressure reduced to 109 mmHg (p˂0.05) while
diastolic blood pressure reduced to 74 mmHg (p˂ 0.05). Heart rate increased from
a baseline value of 83 16 beats/min to 124 beats/min after 30 minutes of dance
exercise (p˂ 0.05) and reduced to 110 17 beats/min at the end of the class (p˂ 0.05).
From the heart rate at 30 minutes, the average percentage of maximum heart rate (%
HRmax) was calculated to be 65 %. The researchers concluded that Zumba and
ZOCA elicited significant hemodynamic changes that can be attributed to these
exercises stimulating the cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms sufficiently and hence
resulting in autonomic adjustments that were concurrent with dynamic exercise
Factors associated with sexual behaviour among adolescents in Chipata district eastern province of Zambia.
No full textThesisSub-Saharan Africa accounted for over 80% of adolescents living with HIV worldwide, while teenage pregnancy was 78% among adolescents. In Zambia, the situation is not very different, with 12.8% for HIV prevalence and 29% for teenage pregnancy demonstrating increased exposure to sexual behaviour. The purpose of the study was to determine factors associated with sexual behaviour among adolescents.
A cross-sectional study design employing use of quantitative approach was applied. A sample size of 225 adolescents comprising 113 females and 112 males aged 15 -19 years was determined. The study was conducted in Chipata Rural District of Eastern Zambia. Data was collected using a structured interview questionnaire for quantitative data and a follow-up focus group discussion for validation of data. Participants were selected by using Simple random sampling in the purposively selected schools. Quantitative data was analyzed using STATA 11.
The findings show a varied difference in the sexual behavioural practices among the adolescents. Female adolescents were highly sexually active with 52.4% compared with the male adolescents indicating 47.6% (P<0.026). This was attributed to factors such as; religion attendance of adolescents at, 94% (P<0.030).Peer pressure would have influenced 59.6 % of the respondents compared to 41% (P<0.005). Alcohol abuse also influenced sexuality among adolescents at 75.5 % compared to 24.5% (P<0.039). On the other hand, the study established that, 65.8 % of respondents wouldn’t deny having sex with familiar persons compared to 34.2% (P<0.017). Additionally, 85.7% of adolescents wouldn’t refuse to have sex with persons who have influence over them such as their teachers and employers compared to 14.7% (P<0.032). Furthermore, 2.5 % females contracted STIs in the last three months, indicating that females are at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDs compared to male adolescents to 0.4 %(P<0.002).It was found during the study that majority of adolescents 59.6% preferred withdrawal method rather than use of condoms as contraceptives during sex, making them more vulnerable to infections, compared to 41%(P<0.034). However, findings show no correlation on the adolescent level of education and sexuality, as well receiving of gifts among adolescents would lead to sexuality.
Therefore, a specific focus on further sensitization will be required. Ministry of General education should encourage schools to educate female adolescents about their sexuality and developmental processes since they lack understanding of their sexuality compared to their male counterparts. Furthermore, Ministry of Health should scale up adolescent-friendly services to meet the needs of both boys and girls. Additionally, religious leaders should also play an active role in educating the young people on sexuality
Evaluation du recours aux soins des adhérents et des non adhérents à la garantie santé dans le centre de santé de la MUTEC
No full textpour évaluer le recours aux soins des adhérents et des non adhérents de la garantie santé dans le centre de santé de la MUTEC, nous avons mené une étude transversale qui s’est déroulée en 2 phases une phase rétrospective allant du 1er janvier 20017 au 31 décembre 2018; Et une phase prospective allant de février au mars 2019. Les supports utilisés pour notre enquête étaient :
Dossiers médicaux des adhérents et des non adhérents.
Souches d’ordonnances des adhérents et des non adhérents.
Un guide d’entretien pour les adhérents de l’UTM ; les non adhérents et les prestataires de la Mutec.
Notre échantillon a porté sur 400 dossiers médicaux et 400 opinions des adhérents et non adhérents ayants bénéficiers des soins.
De cette étude, nous avons constaté qu’avec l’appui des pouvoirs publics, l’UTM est en mesure d’améliorer d’avantage les conditions d’accès aux soins
Suivi virologique des patients infectes par le VIH-1 sous traitement ARV au CHU Gabriel Toure
No full textObjectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la prévalence de l’échec virologique des patients adultes infectés par le VIH-1 sous traitements ARV reçu au CHU GABRIEL TOURE.
Notre étude c’était déroulée au CHU Gabriel Toure incluant 364 patients âgés 19 à 55 ans.
Le régime TDF+3TC+EFV était le plus prescrit chez nos patients dans 79,12% et dans ces schéma de deuxième ligne le plus prescrit étant ABC+3TC+LPV/r (4,95%) suivie de TDF+3TC+LPV/r.
Le taux de CD4 était inférieur à 350 cellule par mm³ chez 50% de nos patients ayant bénéficié d’une charge viral. L’échec virologique était estimé à 27,75%(101/364).
Cet échec survient plus chez les hommes avec 40,52%, les jeunes de 25-35 etaient plus en échec virologique avec 31,68%, Ce travail, a permis de montre le niveau d’échec virologique des patients infectés par le VIH-1 au CHU Gabriel Toure et aussi la nécessite de renforce le suivi virologique et l’observance ainsi que l’accès au test de génotypage pour le patients en échec
Aspects socio-démographiques et judicaires des agressions sexuelles à l'unité de médecine légale et de gynécologie-obstétrique du CHU Gabriel Touré
No full textIl s'agit d'une étude prospective descriptive portant sur les aspects socio-démographiques et judiciaires des agressions sexuelles à l'unité de médecine légale et au service de gynéco-obstétrique de CHU Gabriel Touré qui avait pour objectifs spécifiques, de déterminer la fréquence des agressions sexuelles, préciser les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des victimes, décrire les caractéristiques médicales, dégager les difficultés liées à la prise en charge et présider la prise en charge juridique et les suites judiciaires des victimes d'agression sexuelles. L'agression sexuelle a constitué 27,27 p.100 des coups et blessures volontaires. L'échantillon était majoritairement composé de filles (96,7 p.100 ). La tranche d'âge la plus représentée a été de 10-19ans.33,3 p.100 des victimes résidaient en commune 4. Les célibataires ont été les plus agressés avec 96,7 p.100 . Trente-six virgule sept pour cent (36,7 p.100 ) des victimes étaient des élèves. La plupart des victimes ont été agressé entre 18h-00 (53,3 p.100 ). L'agression s'est déroulée dans 46,7 p.100 dans des concessions. Trente-six virgule sept p.100 des victimes ont consulté dans les 24heures suivant l'agression. C'était un agresseur dans 73,4 p.100 Il s'agissait d'une pénétration penio-vaginale dans 86,7 p.100 Les lésions de l'hymen étaient anciennes dans 86,2 p.100 . Toutes les victimes ont bénéficié d'une prise en charge psychologique
Health systems support factors' influence on uptake of immunization services in Kajiado North sub-County.
No full textAccess to health care services is described as the ability by patients to reach and demand health services based on individual needs. Immunization is one of the most effective, safest and efficient public health interventions as it is estimated to save at least 3 million lives from vaccine preventable diseases. Many cultural, religious, or social factors may impede the demand for health care. This study focused on the service delivery pillar. The overall objective was to determine the health system support factors and their influence on access of immunization services in Kajiado North Sub-County. Specific objectives were a) to determine the socio-cultural values that contribute to low access of immunization health services, b) to assess how the packaging of immunization services in the health facilities influence access and c) to establish the relationship between the health promotion activities. This was a cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 280 respondents who were mothers with children below 12 months. Nine health workers were purposively selected for a focused group discussion. Data was analyzed using of ms-Excel, SPSS version 20 and results presented in narratives, tabulations, and graphs. The results revealed that in 2012 and 2013 in Ngong hospital and Fatima health center had a drop in immunization coverage of 128 and 273 children respectively. In addition, the comparative analysis of Kajiado sub-counties on immunization coverage indicated that the sub-county antigen specific coverage reduced as follows: BCG dropped by 4% to 61%, OPV increased by 5% to 75% and measles increased by 3% to 77%. The mean age of respondents was 26.7 years and analysis indicated that level of education negatively influenced immunization access. The distance between households and health facilities ranged from a hundred meters to 20Kms. Approximately 48(17.1%), of mothers visit facilities which are outside the 5 kilometer distance advocated by Kenya health policy. 120(42.8%) suggested that there is need for health promotion activities in the community. The correlation of visits to awareness indicated a p-value of 0.209. 233 (83%) agreed that immunization program is well explained to them when they visit health facilities. The correlation of health education with awareness indicated a p-value of 0.406. The modes of communication clearly portrays that 183(65.4%) of mothers got the information about immunization through continuous health education that is routinely offered in health facilities, whereas 39 (13.9%) mothers got the information through community health promotion. The study recommends a) form outreach teams to trace defaulters of immunization schedules, b) sub-county health office to frequently conduct community health promotion in the villages to discourage cultural believes which contribute to low access to immunization services, and c) package simplified information about the benefits of immunization services shared in health education sessions and during community health promotion
Microbial content and quality of raw bovine milk from selected farmers in Namwala district of Zambia
No full textThesisContamination of milk by pathogenic microbes may be a hazard to human health. Worldwide,
pathogenic microbes contribute to numerous cases of diarrheal diseases and outbreaks. This
study set out to determine microbial content, nutrient quality and associated risk factors
regarding contamination of raw bovine milk in Namwala district of Zambia.
A cross sectional study was conducted in March, 2017 among small scale dairy farmers. Total
enumeration of three milk collection centres (MCCs) was carried out. A simple random sampling
method was employed to select study participants. Probability proportion to size was considered
in selecting the sample size per MCC. A total of seventy (70) farmers were included in the study.
Laboratory forms were used to collect data on the laboratory outcomes (microbial content and
milk quality) and questionnaire was used to collect data on the probable risk factors to
contamination. Observation checklist was also used to record hygiene practices during milking.
The microbial content and quality of raw milk was determined by comparing Total Bacteria
Count (TBC) and Total Coliforms Count (TCC) against the requirements by the Zambian Bureau
of Standards (ZABS) and the Food and Drugs Act (FDA). Bacterial speciation was determined
through isolation of microbes of public health importance such as E. coli and S. aureus while
milk compositional quality was determined by comparing the levels of added water in milk,
nutrients such as butter fat content, solid nonfat, density and protein. Data were analyzed using
STATA version 13.0. Multiple logistic regression was used after which Step wise regression
model (machine led) was adopted to establish association between the dependent and
independent variables adjusting for confounding factors.
A total of 70 farmers participated in the study out of which 16 (22.8%) were from Namwala
central, 24 (34.3%) from Nchole and 30 (42.9%) from Mungaila dairy farmers cooperatives.
Total bacterial count (TBC) of raw milk from 32 (45.7%) farms was above the maximum legally
accepted limits in Zambia. Total Coliforms Count (TCC) from 19 (27.1%) farms did not conform
to recommended Zambian standards. Nchole had the highest contamination of S. aureus (41.8%)
with Namwala central having the lowest (19%). The overall prevalence of pathogenic E.coli
(0157:H7) was at 21% with Namwala central having the highest (10%) contamination among the
MCCs in Namwala district. Milk samples from Namwala did not conform to only Zambian
standards but also to regional and international standards. Water adulteration was detected in
50% of the samples. About 56% and 47% samples were below standards for butter fat (BF) and
solid nonfat content, respectively. The milk density was below the recommended standards for
all samples. Microbial content as defined by Total Bacterial Count (TBC) was found to be an
average of 2.8 x 106± 9.8 x 105cfu at producer level. Total coliform count (TCC) values for
farmers in Namwala district averaged of 3.7 x 105± 6.3 x 105 cfu. Based on milk composition
quality, about 50% of farmers practiced water adulteration. Factors associated with
contamination of the milk in Namwala district included use of family members in milking 1.26
(p=0.50, 95% Cl 0.64-2.50) and age 1.47 (p=0.31, 95% Cl 0.69-3.09). About 83% (n=58) of the
farmers in Namwala district did not follow good hygienic practice of hand washing when
milking.The study found that milk in Namwala district was of poor quality with high water adulteration.
This suggests the need for a milk processing facility and active surveillance in the area to
improve hygienic practices to safeguard public health.
Keywords: Raw bovine milk, quality, microbial content, dairy farmers, risk factors,contamination
Mise en oeuvre de l’Assurance Maladie obligatoire au niveau du centre de santé de référence Koniba Plea de la commune 1 à Korofina, Défis et perspectives
No full textIl s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive portant sur l’état des lieux de la
mise en oeuvre de l’assurance maladie obligatoire au niveau du Centre de Santé de Référence
Koniba Pleah de la commune 1 du district de Bamako durant une période de 2 mois (d’avril à
mai 2018.). Elle a concerné 100 usagers assurés AMO ou leurs ayant-droits consultant au
CSRéf durant la période d’étude, les prestataires de soins de santé du CSRéf et les
responsables administratifs du centre. La participation était libre et volontaire après obtention
d’un consentement verbal et éclairé.
Notre étude nous a montré une satisfaction des usagers assurés AMO et de leurs ayants droits
justifier par un meilleur accueil par le personnel soignant dès leur entrée dans le centre de
santé, une disponibilité du prestataire à écouter l’usager, un respect de l’ordre d’arrivée et de
consultation pour chaque usager et une bonne pratique des différents services avec
professionnalisme. Cependant une longue attente avant le service par l’insuffisance de guichet
AMO et du personnel soignant ont été les points faibles revendiqués par nos usagers ainsi
qu’une mauvaise hygiène des différents services du centre de santé.
Quant aux responsables administratifs et aux prestataires de soins de santé du centre,
beaucoup de points doivent être améliorer notamment une disponibilité de la liste actualisée
des médicaments dans chaque salle de consultation, une non disponibilité des matérielles de
soins adéquates, la non réception de motivation et de formation dans le cadre de la mise en
oeuvre de l’AMO
Qualité des consultations prénatales au centre de sante de référence de la commune IV du District de Bamako
No full textNous avons mené une étude de type transversal à visée qualitative à la maternité du centre de santé de référence de la commune IV du district de Bamako de juin 2016 à juin 2017 dont le but principal était de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité de la prise en charge des femmes enceintes . Au terme de cette étude portant sur 139 gestantes nous pouvons affirmer que les femmes enceintes étaient bien accueillis. Il s'agissait d'une population de femme en âge de procréé. La tranche de 20 à 29 ans était la plus représenté avec 60,44 p.100 . Dans notre étude 50 p.100 des patientes de nos patientes ont été prise en charge par des sages femmes. L'insuffisance de l'usage du stéthoscope médical et de la référence/Evacuation à temps était les difficultés majeures identifiées
Anxiolytic activity of a Boophone disticha: Behavioral analysis in mice subjected to early maternal separation followed by later stressors: paper presented at the International summit on past and present research systems of green chemistry;August 25-27, 2014 Hilton Philadelphia Airport, USA
No full textPaper presented at the International summit on past and present research systems of green chemistry;August 25-27, 2014 Hilton Philadelphia Airport, USABackground: Boophone disticha is one of the commonly used bulbous plants in the treatment of anxiety disorders by indigenous people of Zimbabwe and surrounding countries but there is currently lack of scientific evidence for such claims. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic efficacy of B. disticha aqueous ethanolic extract in adult Onincis France I(OFI) mice subjected to early life stress followed by later stressors.
Methods: OFI mice were assigned to two groups at birth. Group Amice (control) were left undisturbed during stress procedures while Group B litter (MS+FS) was subjected to three hours daily maternal separation (MS) from PND2 to PND14,followed subsequently with twenty minutes of forced swim stress (FS) during adolescence (on PND35) and adulthood (on ND60 and PND90). On PND91, thirty MS+FS mice from Group B were randomly assigned to five groups (B1-B5; n=6 each) for further treatments. Group A (n=6) and Group B1 mice were given six daily oral doses from PND92-97 of normal saline (vehicle); Group B2received diazepam, 1mg/kg body weight (BW); whilst Group B3, B4and B5were given low, medium and high dose of B. disticha extract at dosages of 10, 25 and 40 mg/kg BW respectively. On PND98, the open field and elevated plus maze tests were used to obtain psychopharmacological properties of B. disticha.
Results: Mice subjected to repeated early MS and subsequent FS during adulthood showed robust phenotypic abnormalities as compared to control undisturbed littermates, suggestive of increased anxiety-like behavior and inhibited exploratory locomotion. The benzodiazepine receptor agonist diazepam (1 mg/kg) produced a significant anxiolytic-like effect in the open field and elevated plus maze in stressed anxious mice. Current results found that stressed Mice treated with B. disticha aqueous extract also expressed lower scores of anxiety-like behaviors and higher exploratory and locomotor activities than the vehicle treated group.
Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate that abnormal anxiety-like and exploratory behavioral phenotypes in stressed mice are sensitive to diazepam and suggest that B. disticha is also effective in ameliorating these abnormalities