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The Magnificent Seven : understanding builds better bridges (and culverts)
Get PDFGlobal Water Futures
Canada Research Excellence FundNon-Peer ReviewedPersonal account of how a Global Water Futures project team worked with land users to inform the contentious issue of prairie wetland drainage
“TO THOSE WHO SAY WE ARE ASSIMILATED, I SAY HOGWASH!”: A HISTORY OF THE WYANDOT OF ANDERDON DAY SCHOOL EXPERIENCE, 1790 TO 1915
Get PDFSince the early seventeenth century, the Wendat/Wandat have engaged with colonial education and other strategies of adaptation to ensure their community’s survival. It is of little surprise that in the 1800s, acknowledging their place in a growing settler society, the Wyandot of Anderdon Nation requested western-style schools. For the Wendat/Wandat, adopting western-style education was not an act of conciliation or defeat; it was deft political maneuvering and a way to help maintain Wendat/Wandat continuity throughout the Wendat/Wandat diaspora. This dissertation counters Indigenous education scholarship which argues that western-style schooling seeks to erase Indigenous ways of knowledge and replace it with Settler systems of knowing. Moreover, this dissertation builds on diaspora and Wendat/Wandat studies, which highlight how the Wendat/Wandat relied on pre-diaspora traditions by utilizing educational strategies to ensure community and cultural survivance. Through an ethnohistoric approach and decolonizing methodologies, this dissertation uses colonial government records, missionary accounts, as well as private collections from the Wyandot of Anderdon Nation to reveal a model of a cooperative, rather than forced, schooling. In 1846, the Wyandot of Anderdon Nation opened an Indigenous-run western-style school near Windsor, Ontario. Through this case study, a long-established pattern of mixing Settler knowledge and Indigenous epistemologies is revealed, reinforcing the argument that incorporating colonial education did not result in a rejection of Wendat/ Wandat teachings. The Wendat/Wandat developed a cultural matrix where both Wendat/Wandat and non-Wendat/Wandat practices existed simultaneously. As a result, Wendat/Wandat students continued to preserve and pass on community knowledge for future generations while also understanding and navigating the increasingly hostile Settler states of Canada and the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
ARYLSULFATASE-I: A NOVEL SULFATASE REGULATING PROTEOGLYCAN SULFATION DURING ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
Get PDFEndochondral ossification consists of bone formation from a previous cartilaginous template. This process starts during embryonic development when mesenchymal cells condense in presumptive skeletal regions and differentiate into chondrocytes, which undergo a progressive maturation process. Chondrocytes are arranged in morphologically distinct zones within the cartilaginous template, reflecting their maturation states. While mature chondrocytes are in the medial region, immature chondrocytes are in the distal areas of the template. The chondrocytes pronounced cellular changes during maturation are accompanied by prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and reorganization. Sulfated proteoglycans (PGs) are one of the main components of cartilage ECM, and their sulfation levels are critical for proper endochondral ossification. PG sulfation is regulated by sulfotransferases and sulfatases - that add and remove, respectively, sulfate esters from PGs. Deficiencies in sulfatases lead to diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis and multiple sulfatase deficiency. Disease phenotypes include various skeletal defects seemingly related to chondrocyte maturation, including impaired chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy, severe growth retardation, and delayed primary and secondary ossification center formation. The mechanisms of how sulfation leads to those phenotypes and how sulfur levels are modulated across endochondral ossification are still to be unveiled. Here the hypothesis that a novel sulfatase - Arylsulfatase I (ARSI) - decreases PG sulfation during cartilage maturation thus promoting endochondral ossification, was tested. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging confirmed that sulfate esters decreased significantly in mature cartilage during endochondral ossification. ARSB and GALNS- the two known chondroitin sulfate PG sulfatases- were not specifically expressed in mature cartilage. Utilizing laser-capture microdissection and RNAseq data previously obtained in the lab, we were able to identify a novel sulfatase - Arsi - to be upregulated in mature cartilage. Increased ARSI protein expression in mature cartilage was further demonstrated in vivo in chick and mouse sections and during the maturation of ATDC5 chondrocytes in vitro. Biochemical assays overexpressing ARSI in HeLa cells confirmed that ARSI is a novel PG sulfatase. Taken together, biochemical and expression results strongly indicate that ARSI controls the decrease of sulfate esters in mature cartilage. To test ARSI function during endochondral ossification, four putative transgenic zebrafish (Tg) lines for this gene were generated by Gateway-Tol2 transgenesis. All generated Gateway constructs had the correct sequence and were integrated into the zebrafish genome, but possibly due to posttranscriptional mechanisms, protein overexpression was not confirmed in putative Tg fish. Our hypothesis was partially addressed, and more studies are needed to investigate the potential ARSI roles in endochondral ossification. In this thesis, we showed for the first time ARSI mRNA expression in chick, ARSI protein expression in chick and mouse tissues, and we presented the first biochemical characterization of ARSI as a PG sulfatase. Our results supplement the scarce literature about ARSI and potentiate future work uncovering its role in skeletal development and disease
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN ADVANCING ENERGY TRANSITION: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
No full textGlobally, many nations are in the middle of an ongoing energy transition fueled by the rise of renewable energy including wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydroelectricity, pointing toward a shift in the energy system away from fossil fuels. With breakthroughs in technological innovation coupled with cost reductions, the share of renewable energy development and consumption is increasing globally, and nations are setting ambitious targets and timelines for the implementation of renewables. In understanding the mechanisms needed to aid energy transition processes, current scholarly literature recognizes that institutions are foundational to renewable energy growth because transitions require institutional change to assist in reconfiguring energy systems to accommodate new energy actors and energy mixes. As such, there is a growing emphasis on the importance of understanding the role of institutions in hastening transition pace and direction and ensuring that expected transition outcomes are realized. This thesis explores the role of institutions in electricity reforms, drawing on a case study of Norway’s electricity sector and its reform process and outcomes. Adopting a historical institutionalism approach and drawing on insights from institutional change theory, two conceptual frameworks are advanced and applied to explain how energy systems restructure, evolve, and successfully transition and to explore whether institutional change produces the intended transformation outcomes. The results show the evolution of institutional change in Norway’s electricity sector through ‘layering’ and ‘conversion’ and identify the institutional configurations that work best in the transition process. Results further show that the success (and failure) of transition processes can be evaluated by analyzing the effect of institutional layering, which has implications for energy transition. Finally, results emphasize the need for an integrated layering approach to balancing potential conflicts and trade-offs between energy institutions
Triboelectrostatic Separation for Dry Fractionation of Pulse Flour
No full textThe abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo
Development of Aster Yellows on Crop and Noncrop Species from the Canadian Prairies
Get PDFSaskatchewan Canola Development Commission (CARP ADF 2017-203), Western Grains
Research Foundation (Western Grains Research Foundation Endowment Fund Graduate Scholarship)Peer ReviewedAster yellows phytoplasmas (AYp) are a group of obligate parasites that infect
a wide range of plant species, including crops such as canola and cereals and
noncrops such as dandelion and wild mustard. In the Canadian Prairies, these
microorganisms are mainly transmitted by a migratory species of leafhopper
(Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes). Although a low incidence of the disease
associated with this pathogen has been reported for most years in canola fields,
several outbreaks have been documented in this region. A selection of crop
and noncrop species commonly found in the Canadian Prairies and Arabidopsis
thaliana were used to assess the suitability of these plant species as hosts for
AYp (16SrI-B). Symptom expression and phytoplasma levels were examined at
different time points following exposure to infective insects.A. thaliana,barley,and
canola were susceptible to infection with AYp,yet symptoms differed among these
plant species. A. thaliana and canola exhibited symptoms of infection as early as
2 weeks following exposure to infected insects,whereas symptoms in barley were
observed at 5 weeks. A lower incidence rate was observed in wheat, and levels
of AYp in phytoplasma-infected wheat plants were low.Dandelion and sowthistle
tested negative for the presence of AYp at all time points, suggesting that these
are unsuitable hosts for these microorganisms. Moreover, we observed a partial
disassociation between the plant species that were suitable hosts for AYp and
those that had been characterized as more suitable or suitable hosts for aster
leafhopper oviposition and nymphal development in previous studies
Bioenergy Production from Pretreated Wood Sawdust
No full textThe abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo
Zeolite-Assisted Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils in Cold Climates: A Treatment Strategy and CO2 Respiration Modelling for Seasonal Freezing
No full textThe abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo
Planning and Service Restoration Using Soft Open Points in Renewable-rich Distribution Networks
No full textThe abstract of this item is unavailable due to an embargo
PETROLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL COMPARISON OF THE EISLER INTRUSIVE SUITE AND THE LAONIL LAKE INTRUSIVE COMPLEX, GLENNIE DOMAIN, NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN
Get PDFThe Paleoproterozoic Pine Lake greenstone belt of northern Saskatchewan, which is part of the Glennie domain of the Reindeer zone of the Trans-Hudson orogen, contains orogenic gold deposits that are hosted in shear zones. The Seabee Gold Operation exploits these deposits and includes the historical Seabee mine and the active Santoy mines. The Pine Lake greenstone belt is divided into the ca. 1.88 Ga Assemblage A, comprising various metamorphosed mafic-intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks as well as minor siliciclastic rocks, the younger Assemblage B, comprising a polymictic conglomerate at its base overlain by metamorphosed volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks, and the Porky Lake siliciclastic rocks. Of particular relevance to this study, a variety of intrusive intermediate to mafic igneous rocks ranging in age from ca. 1.89 Ga to 1.83 Ga occur within the belt; several of which are associated with gold mineralization, including the Laonil Lake intrusive complex at Seabee and the Eisler intrusive suite at the prospective Fisher property. These two plutonic suites show similar rock types but are separated by a younger pluton (the ca. 1.86 Ga Eyahpaise pluton) making it unclear if they were originally part of the same intrusive complex or if they were intruded at different times from different magma sources. To test the geological relationships between these intrusive complexes, a study that included zircon U-Pb geochronology, Sm-Nd isotopic analysis, whole rock major and trace element geochemistry, and petrographic analysis was conducted on samples from the Laonil and Eisler intrusive suites. Whole rock major and trace element geochemistry and petrographic data were obtained from additional samples from the Fisher property, including the Footprint and Mac North targets, as well as northeast of George Lake. In this study, rock types from Laonil Lake intrusive complex include gabbro and diorite, from Eisler include gabbro, pegmatitic quartz gabbro, pyroxenite, and hornblende gabbro, a granodiorite from Mac North, and gabbro from the Footprint gabbro. Concordant U-Pb zircon geochronology data yielded a crystallization age of 1878.7 ± 1.3 Ma for the Laonil Lake intrusive complex and 1883.8 ± 0.9 Ma for the Eisler intrusive suite. The new crystallization age for the Laonil Lake intrusive complex is ca. 10 million years younger than a previous U-Pb zircon age determination and refines the emplacement time with a smaller analytical error. The Eisler intrusive suite was not previously dated. Both the Laonil Lake and Eisler ages indicate two temporally separate plutons that both fall within the local Assemblage A rock package. Regionally, they correspond to the ca. 1890-1870 Ma early plutonic intrusions. All samples have positive ƐNd values and plot on, or near, the depleted mantle line indicating that these samples were mantle-derived and lack crustal input. The ƐNd values and the trace element profiles, with negative Nb anomalies, are suggestive of a subduction-related magmatic signature. In addition, an I-type plutonic classification and metaluminous alumina saturation support that these samples (and therefore plutonic bodies) likely formed in a juvenile oceanic arc tectonic setting