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Events – from trauma to euphoria
No full textWieloautorska monografia poddająca oglądowi XX wiek z perspektywy jego znaczenia dla procesu samoidentyfikacji jednostek i/lub społeczności oraz – w przypadku tych drugich – umiejscowienia dwudziestowiecznych wydarzeń w strukturze pojęć kluczowych dla samookreślenia się Słowian. U podstaw prezentowanych tekstów leży założenie, że przeszłość, postrzegana jako ciąg wydarzeń, jest jednym z czynników determinujących tożsamość i definiujących system narodowych wartości, znajdujących odzwierciedlenie w kulturze. Autorzy, odwołując się do narzędzi z warsztatu literaturoznawcy, semiotyka, historyka i kulturoznawcy, dążą do umiejscowienia wydarzeń XX wieku na mapie pamięci współczesnej Europy. Poddają oglądowi zarówno te wydarzenia, które napiętnowały dzieje najnowsze, stając się przyczyną narodowej (lub światowej) traumy (rewolucja lutowa, wybuch II wojny światowej i in.), jak i te, które są wartościowane pozytywnie (zakończenie II wojny światowej, upadek muru berlińskiego, pielgrzymki Jana Pawła II i in.), stając się powodem do dumy. W centrum uwagi znajdują się nie tylko wydarzenia określające obraz Europy w wymiarze polityczno-geograficznym, wyraźnie obecna jest również perspektywa mentalna, która sprzyja dotarciu do źródeł narodowych fascynacji oraz narodowych traum, a także pozwala zrozumieć mechanizmy rządzące tworzeniem mitów i wskazać narzędzia do ich odczytywania, którymi są – często pozornie ukryte – treści odwołujące się do przeszłości.This multi-author monograph looks at the 20th century from the perspective of its role in self-identification of individuals and/or communities as well as – in the latter case – of the place occupied by events of the 20th century in the structure of concepts that are key for the self-identification of Slavs. At the heart of each of the presented papers is the premise that the past, seen as a chain of events, is one of the factors determining identity and defining the system of national values which find their reflection in culture. Drawing on the tools of literary studies, semiotics, historiography and cultural studies, the authors undertake to put 20th century events on the map of contemporary European memory. They examine both the events that left a dreadful mark on contemporary history, causing a national (or global) trauma (like the February Revolution or outbreak of World War II) and those seen as positive (like the end of World War II, fall of the Berlin Wall or John Paul II’s pilgrimages) and evoking the feeling of pride. At the centre of attention are not only events defining the image of Europe in terms of political geography. Also clearly present is the mental perspective, which fosters recognizing the sources of national fascinations and national traumas, helps understand the mechanisms of myth-making, and points to the tools for reading myths that are constituted by, often seemingly hidden, references to the past
The Utopian Impulse and Searching for the Kingdom of God: Ludwik Królikowski’s (1799–1879) Romantic Utopianism in Transnational Perspective
Get PDFThis article addresses the question of the utopian impulse in Ludwik Królikowski’s work and thought, with particular reference to its transnational dimension. By providing a holistic view of his entire life and sketching his biographical background, this study reveals Królikowski’s principal inspirations and the reasons for his changes of mind, and in so doing, presents him against the background of various intersecting currents of thought. With regard to Królikowski’s utopianism, it is argued that he rejected the canons typical for Renaissance and Enlightenment reflections on the ideal state, in which visions of spotless, well-organized cities dominated. The Polish thinker was instead interested in Christianity and extolled spontaneous human activities, which would be in accordance with the will of God only if they were pursued freely, without any coercion. As analysis of his works reveals, he expounded a vision of utopia (primarily called “the Kingdom of God”) beyond time and space, without any consideration of the material conditions for its existence. In developing his views, Królikowski was inspired by Saint-Simonism, the Icarian movement, and ongoing discussions of the Polish and Slavic questions. These three main dimensions, interwoven with intermittent failures and reflections embarked upon anew, constituted the intellectual space in which his unique propositions were made
ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СВЯЗКИ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ОЦЕНКИ И ОТНОШЕНИЯ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ С АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА НА ПОЛЬСКИЙ: КОРПУСНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ
No full textIn this paper, we make an attempt to improve the textual fit of English-to-Polish translation of a peculiar type of multi-word units known in corpus linguistic literature as lexical bundles (Biber et al. 1999). Inspired by a study conducted by Grabar and Lefer (2015), we used the English-Polish parallel corpus Paralela (Pęzik 2016) and the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP) to extract and explore the use — in terms of frequency distributions — of the Polish equivalents of selected English lexical bundles expressing attitudinal and epistemic stance. More precisely, we used the NKJP corpus to check whether the Polish equivalents are typical of contemporary Polish as found in native texts. The results of this corpus-informed study revealed a high number of Polish equivalents, both single- and multi-word units, expressing stance. Also, the results showed that the majority of Polish equivalents are frequently used in native Polish texts and therefore they can potentially help enhance the textual fit of translations. Finally, we discussed limitations of the methods and corpora used in this preliminary study and presented suggestions on how it can be pursued further in the future to better explore the usefulness of lexical bundles for translation teaching and translation practice. To that end, we also presented proposals of in-class translation activities
Church-Slavonic Elements as a Source of the Czech Biblical Style in the Period of the Czech National Revival (Unique Attempt of František Novotný from Luže)
Get PDFThe article deals with linguistic aspects of a Czech Biblical text originating in the period of the beginning of the Czech National Revival which has until recently been entirely forgotten. The text is a Tetraevangelion written by a Catholic priest František Novotný from Luže (1768–1826), an almost forgotten contemporary and collaborator of the great representatives of the Czech National Revival Josef Dobrovský and Josef Jungmann. Novotný was an expert on Latin, Greek, Church Slavonic and old and new Czech (he was also the author of the early grammar of Czech that was published in Czech). His four Gospels in Czech, published in 1810–1811, belong to the “learning type” translations. It continues the Czech Biblical translation tradition (at the turn of the 19th century represented primarily by the translation of the New Testament and of the entire Bible by František Faustin Procházka, which followed mainly the baroque Catholic St Wenceslas Bible and the Kralice Bible of the Moravian brethren), but has many specific features. The article focuses on the phenomenon that manifested itself (during the author's research of Novotný's text lasting several years) as its main and most interesting trait, namely, a strong influence of the Church Slavonic Biblical text, which is an absolutely rare phenomenon at the beginning of the Czech National Revival. The author, confronting the previous Biblical translation tradition with Novotný’s, reveals a number of innovations that were materialised in Novotný's translation and whose origin in the Church Slavonic Bible is certain or at least very probable. The innovations concern various levels of linguistic description, mainly syntax and lexicon, but also word formation and morphology. The most interesting of Novotný’s novelties is his usage of the adjectival past participle ending with -(v)ší, since this category was introduced into literary Czech in the period of the Czech Revival. It is also important that Church Slavonic is, with high probability, the only source of the enrichment and “refreshment” of the Czech Biblical style that is written in another Slavonic language (Novotný seems not to use any living Slavonic languages)
ЗАУВАГИ ПРО ВЖИВАННЯ ТЕРМІНІВ-АНГЛІЦИЗМІВ У МЕДІЙНОМУ НАУКОВОМУ ДИСКУРСІ
Get PDFThe article deals with the issue of the English loan terms that have penetrated the modern Ukrainian journalist system of terms and become a threat to the uniqueness and originality of the Ukrainian terminology. A few journalistic terms have been analyzed with regard to the ways of borrowing, etymology, semantics, and euphony. An attempt was made to select harmonious equivalents in the Ukrainian language. An analysis of English loan terms concluded: 1) such borrowings come orally and in written form; 2) Anglicisms penetrate the media terminology along with concepts, forms of representation, and Western journalism standards; 3) in such borrowings, the standards of euphony are not always met; 4) they can be replaced with Ukrainian equivalents. The use of English terms should not be denied completely. They are needed: 1) to avoid repetition in a scientific or journalistic text; 2) for awareness of international terminology in order to further study, compare, and borrow positive experience, etc. However, the unreasoned, unwarranted use of English terms in the Ukrainian language threatens the identity of the Ukrainian terminology itself. Therefore, the task of practical journalists and theoreticians is to carefully select language tools for the world outlook expressing and reality reflection
Анна Вежбицкая, семантическое разложение и подход «Смысл-Текст»
Get PDFThe paper aims to demonstrate that the main contribution of Anna Wierzbicka to linguistics is the idea of semantic decomposition — that is, representing meaning in terms of structurally organized configurations of simpler meanings — and a huge amount of specific decompositions of lexical meanings from many languages. One of possible developments of this idea of Wierzbicka’s is the Meaning-Text linguistic approach, and in particular — the Meaning-Text model of natural language. To illustrate the importance and fruitfulness of semantic decomposition, two Meaning-Text mini-models are presented
for English and Russian. Two semantically equivalent sentences of these languages are considered:
(1) a. Eng. A honeymooner was fatally attacked by a shark. ~
b. Rus. Molodožën pogib v rezul´tate napadenija akuly vo vremja medovogo mesjaca
lit. ‘Young.husband died as result of.attack of.shark during honey month’
The formal representations of these sentences at four levels—Meaning-Text style—are shown: semantic, deep-syntactic, surface-syntactic, and deep-morphological. Examples of formal rules relating the representations of two adjacent levels are presented
Przygoda estetyczno-mentalna w przekładzie
Get PDFTranslation is an adventure. The desire to experience it exceeds all other translation motives. It is a desire of a rational, pragmatic, emotional and physical nature. Therefore, full normalisation of the principles of artistic translation constantly encounters difficulties. Outside the borders of the scheme there is something called talent and empathy, understood as a cognitive-affective phenomenon.
The paradigm of desire is defined by: individual weaknesses, ambition, desire to communicate, to know and experience something so far unknown, and the interaction between them in the form of surprise, dazzlement, and even shock
Przekład jako akt subwersji, czyli o pewnym polskim tłumaczeniu tragedii historycznej Theodora Körnera pt. Zriny
Get PDFThe object of the analysis in this article is one of the Polish translations of historical tragedy of Theodor Körner entitled Zriny. The German author’s piece has been at least six times translated into Polish language and was — especially in the second part of the 19th century, after the collapse of January Uprising — very popular. The reason of the popularity was his subversion. Through Zriny it was possible to talk about a struggle for freedom — the theme forbidden by Russian censorship. Historical piece written by a foreign author, which talks about the struggle for freedom and for defence of the homeland, the struggle lead by someone else, in other time and place, became a medium for manifesting of patriotic feelings. This function of Polish Zriny confirms his interpretation in critics and one of the translations which was written by Ludwik Jenike in Russian occupation zone with all subversive translation shifts made by the translator
Metodologia opracowywania aneksów słownikowych na przykładzie neologizmów S. Lema
No full textWystąpienie na międzynarodowej konferencji "МЕТАМОВИ СЛОВНИКІВ РІЗНИХ ТИПІВ:
БУДОВА ТА ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ", która odbyła się w dniach 5-6 czerwca 2018 r. w Kijowie. Organizator: Instytut Języka Ukraińskiego Narodowej Akademii Nauk Ukrainy
Bazowe wyobrażenia pojęcia rodziny w języku i kulturze litewskiej
No full textMiędzynarodowa konferencja naukowa: Jedność w różnorodności. Wokół słowiańskiej aksjosfery. EUROJOS XIV (11−13 września 2018) ‒ zadanie finansowane w ramach umowy 800/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę