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Badania etnolingwistyczne a przekład poezji: Agnieszka Gicala, Przekładanie obrazu świata. Językowy obraz świata w przekładzie artystycznym, Kraków: Universitas, 2018, 225 s.
Get PDFA review of Agnieszka Gicala, Przekładanie obrazu świata. Językowy obraz świata w przekładzie artystycznym, Kraków: Universitas, 2018, 225 s
Constructions and Destructions of Identity V: Borders Old and New
No full textNa tom składają się artykuły poświęcone konstrukcji i destrukcji tożsamości wynikających ze zmian granic, zarówno tych starych, okrzepłych, niekiedy już zapomnianych, jak i nowych, wyznaczonych niedawno. Inspiracją do podjęcia tematu były badania terenowe prowadzone przez językoznawców, antropologów i historyków, wskazujących wyraźnie, że nieistniejące formalnie od lat granice, wciąż funkcjonują w świadomości mieszkających w ich sąsiedztwie społeczności i znajdują odzwierciedlenie w zjawiskach językowych i kulturowych. Tak zarysowany temat wymaga podejścia interdyscyplinarnego, dlatego też w tomie prezentujemy artykuły badaczy reprezentujących różne dyscypliny.The volume brings together papers devoted to the constructions and destructions of identity that resulted from the changing of borders – both the old ones, long established and sometimes forgotten, and the new, recently drawn-up ones. Taking up this topic was inspired by fieldwork conducted by linguists, anthropologists and historians, who clearly indicate that formally long inexistent borders continue to live in the consciousness of the communities that neighbour them, and continue to find reflection in linguistic and cultural phenomena. Such formulation of the topic requires an interdisciplinary approach, which is why the volume features papers by scholars representing multiple disciplines.Wydanie publikacji finansowane ze środków Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nau
Фразеологізми з назвами великодніх свят в українському діалектному мовленні
No full textIn the article the ethno-cultural peculiarities of the areal phraseological units, which contain the names of stages or activities during the Easter holidays have been researched, the semantic basic components of their creation have been defi ned. It has been studied that in a living dialectal language there are permanent renovations of the forms and semantics, emerging from the new motivations, the development of the lexical variants on the basis of the existing constructions
The First Serbian Female Writer: From the History of Nineteenth-Century Women’s Literature
Get PDFAt the end of the nineteenth century the Romantic image of Eustahija Arsić (1776–1843) was introduced to the Serbian national pantheon as the first Serbian woman writer and philosopher of the modern age. This image was based first and foremost on her book “Useful Thoughts on the Four Seasons” which appeared in Budim in 1816 under that author’s name. In the second half of the twentieth century several scholarly studies and a biography were devoted to Arsić. More recently this image has attracted the attention of scholars of women’s literature in South Slavic countries. These scholars note that her “Thoughts”, while influenced by Western pre-romantic (sentimentalist) literature, illuminate a wide range of fields, including philosophy, ethics, history, natural science, anatomy, physics, and religion, while at the same time they introduce the genre of the “feminist essay” into Serbian literature. The poems that are included in “Thoughts” appear in anthologies of Serbian literature as original poems by Arsić.
The present essay shows that the ideas about the originality, European erudition, cosmopolitanism, personal tone, philosophical gifts and poetic talent are highly exaggerated, and that the image of this author is a cultural construct that was created at a certain stage of the formation of Serbian national literature and was reconceived at a later time. The essay establishes that Arsić’s “Useful Thoughts” is a compilation of essays, tracts, and poetry that appeared in Russian journals from the late 1780s to the early 1810s. These works (including some by Nikolai Karamzin) were transferred into her book with minor orthographic and grammatical changes (e.g. masculine noun endings are changed to feminine ones) and without any indication of the source. The work of the compiler of “Thoughts” consisted solely in taking the sentimental texts of Russian male authors and attributing them to a pious female author. The essay does not simply give the direct sources of this “Slavono-Russian” book of “the first Serbian woman writer” and describe the process of adaptation of the “foreign” as a stage of the national and literary self-affirmation of the “younger” Slavic culture, but it also offers material for a more general (philological and literary-critical) study of the “Slavono-Russian” period in the history of Serbian literature in particular and “pan-Slavic” pre-romanticism more generally. The case of Arsić is likewise interesting for a comparative analysis of the formation of national literary “pantheons” and for a gender history of Russian and other Slavic literatures
Контекстуальность в русском языке
Get PDFThe modern scientific paradigm of linguistics that replaced comparative historical and linguistic-centric paradigm is focused on the relationship between language and reality which is inherently asymmetric in nature. In this situation, the problem of an accurate and complete mutual understanding of the participants of communication becomes more and more urgent. This problem considered in the framework of cultural studies suggests the division of cultures into high context cultures, i.e. those where the behavior of com-munication participants does not directly express their goals and intentions, and low context cultures, implying direct and frank manifestations of those intentions. The author applies the idea of high and low contextuality to the Russian language, setting the task of identifying those typical manifestations of Russian discourse in which the linguistic signs show a high dependence on the situational and verbal context, and in this way, by virtue of the language structure, cause difficulties for mutual understanding. From this point of view, the study investigates the polysemy of Russian words and grammatical forms, as well as the conditions in which their unambiguous understanding is or is not achieved. It emphasizes the insuffi-ciency of merely stating the possibility of several solutions and the need for algorithms that provide the only (or not the only) correct solution. The author sees another obstacle for successful communication in hyperonyms that do not have a distinct hyponymic content for each participant of communication. The third obstacle is the omission of the verbal designation of modifying and / or substantial characteristics of reality. The article emphasizes that those who speak Russian, in principle possessing the resources necessary for overcoming these difficulties, seek to use them effectively only in certain specialized areas (science, sports, trade) and do not care about the maximum adequacy of language units and reality in everyday and political discourse. In conclusion, the article describes how to take into account the noted features of the Russian language when consciously learning Russian as a native language, as well as when teaching it as a foreign language
A Value System through the Perspective of Culturally Oriented Lexicography
Get PDFThe article focuses on the analysis of the Value System which constitutes part of a cultural code from the perspective of culturally oriented lexicography. The analysis is based on the comparison of the Russian and Mongolian languages. The authors of the article discuss a number of closely connected theoretical and practical issues, which include: the essence of the Value System from the point of view of linguistics, culture studies and psychology; the functioning of this system; its influence on the formation of speech behavior and communicative competences; the possibility of using the knowledge about the Value System in the teaching of foreign languages and cultures. The article also touches upon the issues of linguistic lexicography aimed at compiling dictionaries, which explain the culture-specific meanings of its units. The authors give a survey of a culturally-oriented dictionary of Russian language and culture for the citizens of Mongolia where the material will be presented on a comparative basis. The core of dictionaries of this kind will be the Value System as a linguocognitive phenomenon. The idea is illustrated by the analysis of the semantics of three basic human values: health, family and education. The research provides an opportunity to state both similarities and differences in the meaning of the verbalized value orientations in the Russian and Mongolian languages and cultures. The analysis allows us to emphasize the significance of mapping the dynamics of the linguistic worldview as part of the ethnic mentality, which reflects both its cognitive and emotional components. The research develops basic postulates of cognitive linguistics, cultural linguistics, intercultural communication and culture studies
Історія української пунктуації
No full textThe main milestones of the development and establishing the punctuation in the Ukrainian language are being discovered in the article. A historical excursion allowed to outline both common tendencies and actual national approaches to the implementation of a system of the punctuation marks, to show their introduction into the spelling system of the Ukrainian language
The Specificity of the Polish Reception of Leo Tolstoy in the Light of the Dichotomy “Russia vs. Europe” (Based on Articles Published on the Occasion of the 1908 Anniversary)
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to identify and examine the main components of Leo Tolstoy’s image (as an artist, an apostle, and as a philosopher) in the Polish-language press of Austria-Hungary and the Tsardom of Poland in the context of the celebrations to mark the author’s eightieth birthday. I draw upon three contemporary journalistic reactions: an article by Henryk Sienkiewicz in the Kraków newspaper “Czas” (Time), an anonymous piece in the Warsaw daily “Przegląd Poranny” (Morning Review), and another anonymous piece featured in “Kurier Warszawski” (Warsaw Courier). Sienkiewicz’s article represents Tolstoy as a religious preacher and as a writer alien to European culture. In describing the national specificity of Tolstoy the artist, Sienkiewicz departs from the contraposition between backward, non-liberal and unenlightened Russia whose voice is Tolstoy and progressive, liberal and enlightened Europe with which the Polish writer associates himself. Tolstoy is painted in similar colours in the “Kurier Warszawski” feature. However, the anonymous author describes Tolstoy not as a preacher but rather as an original Russian philosopher. “Przegląd Poranny” presents an entirely opposite image of Tolstoy. Here, Tolstoy emerges as a globally significant artist and thinker, whose work is a legacy of international cultural achievement. Polish responses to Tolstoy’s eightieth birthday thus made use of the dichotomy “Russia vs. Europe” in varying degrees. The specificity of Tolstoy’s reception by Polish-language media correlates with the pro-European and pro-Russian positions of the Polish intelligentsia at the time
Лінгвоперсона Ліни Костенко: актуалізація фразеологізмів у її поетичних текстах
No full textThis article focuses on the analysis of the phraseological links used by Lina Kostenko in the collection of the poetry "Trysta poeziy". The phenomenon of a linguistic personality has been described, pointing to the fact that Lina Kostenko undoubtedly belongs to one of the most vivid linguistic personalities in Ukrainian literature. The idioms have been analyzed, including their division into the lexical phrases, the author-made the phrases and the aphorisms. The right tendencies have been also proposed and the perspective of the research has been defined
Лингвокультурная локализация кинозаголовков
Get PDFDue to intensive growth of film production and the expansion of the “market of film consumption”, the need for high-quality translation of feature films into different languages is becoming more and more pressing. While a foreign language film is localized, text elements are not only translated, but also adapted to the culture of the target audience, i.e. we are witnessing transition from one language and cultural code to another. Taking into account their structural, semantic, and functional pragmatic features, film titles are vivid representative materials for the study of modern translation practices in the light of the cultural transference concept (Bassnett 2005, Bastin 1990, Cranmer 2015, Jurt 2007, Кatan 1999, Leinen 2007, Thill 2007, Schreiber 1998, Slyshkin, Efremova 2004, Obolenskaya 2013, Snetkova 2009, Fedorova 2009). The purpose of the article is to identify the strategies of linguocultural localization of French film names for the modern Russian-speaking audience, as well as to determine the degree of its adequacy. Regardless of the choice of the translation strategy, the title should correspond to the plot, thematic focus and ideological and figurative content of the film, while remaining interesting and attractive to the audience. We analysed of eighty-seven French feature films of various genre affiliations (detectives, action films, dramas, melo-dramas, comedies, thrillers and fantasy), released in Russian from 2000 to 2018, and their translation equivalents. We used the methods of semantic, pragmatic, contextual and linguocultural analysis to identify a set of problems arising in the process of localization of film titles and to offer recommendations for their translation into Russian, considering the communicative specifics of the modern film dis-course and the ethnic and cultural characteristics of the target audience