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The Initial Molecular Interactions in the Course of Enthalpy Relaxation and Nucleation in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) as Monitored by Combined Nanocalorimetry and FTIR Spectroscopy
No full textFast scanning calorimetry (FSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are combined to trace the evolution of the calorimetric properties and of the molecular interactions in a strongly crystallizing polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The minute sample amount (≈5 ng) required for FSC allows for the realization of cooling rates up to 50 000 K s−1 and to quench the sample into the amorphous state. By subsequent annealing at varying temperatures Ta and times ta enthalpy relaxation, (homogeneous) nucleation and crystallization can be monitored with high precision. Determining the difference IR spectra between a quenched and an annealed sample unravels the development of the intra- and inter-molecular interactions in detail; i) as first response taking place during enthalpy relaxation, the far reaching Coulomb interactions between the polar carbonyl (C ═ O) moieties are active; ii) in contrast, the methylene unit (CH2) and the aromatic ring show a response only, if homogeneous nucleation sets in, while the ester (COC) moiety remains uninfluenced; iii) a hierarchy is observed in of the response of the different molecular moieties; iv) if crystallization comes to play, all molecular units are involved. The results are compared with recently published findings for polyamide 66 demonstrating the high molecular specificity of homogeneous nucleation and crystallization
Feasibility and repeatability of ocular biometry measured with IOLMaster 700 in a large population-based study
No full textPurpose:
To evaluate the feasibility and repeatability of IOLMaster 700 biometry measurements in an adult population. Furthermore, to assess the value of the Quality Indicators (QIs) provided by the device.
Method:
As part of the large population-based Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Adult-Study, randomly selected participants from Leipzig, Germany were evaluated with the ZEISS IOLMaster 700. Age range was 26–85 years, with 53% of participants above 70 years of age. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and keratometry (K) were assessed in 1767 right eyes. Measurements were repeated twice and in a subset of 1331 eyes, three times. Measurement feasibility was evaluated for three levels; successful, with warnings and failed, using the inbuilt QIs. Repeatability was assessed as within-subject standard deviation (SD) and repeatability limits were calculated.
Results:
First measurement success rate for phakic eyes was over 99% for AL, CCT, ACD, over 98% for LT and over 97% for K. K had 16% eyes with warnings and the recommendation to repeat the measurement. Excluding the measurements with warnings resulted in a reduction of mean SD for AL from 48 to 4 μm and for mean K from 0.08 to 0.04 D. Repeatability for phakic eyes was 8 μm for AL, CCT, ACD and LT and 2.3 μm for CCT; 0.07 D and 0.12 D for mean K and delta K, respectively, for phakic cases without warnings (two measurements).
Conclusions:
In our population-based sample, the IOLMaster 700 collected data for AL, CCT, ACD, LT and K from the vast majority of eyes. Considering the built-in QIs improved the measurement variability substantially. Repeatability measurements indicate that clinically meaningful changes can be detected reliably with this instrument
Formatting Practices and Ordering Relations: The Role of Multi-Scalar Regulation and Discourses in the Field of International Organ Transplantation
No full textRaumformate und Kartensprachen erkennen: Vorschlag einer Methodik zur Analyse von Karten und (Schul)Atlanten als Vermittler von Weltbildern unter Globalisierungsprozessen
No full textStaging global public health
No full textIn this essay I focus on workshops to examine how scientific knowledge in global public health
is authorized. More specifically, in this essay workshops will be approached to elaborate on
the public performance of knowledge, which is often considered to be a crucial element in the
conduct of scientific research. The performance of scientific knowledge will be conceptualized
as the staging of global public health through which experts craft the credibility of their advice
by involving the publics in the form of so-called ‘stakeholders’ and thereby create the basis for
global public health interventions. I will narrate the staging of science in global health in the
form of fictionalized minutes and capture some of the techniques deployed in creating order
out of disorder in the supply of medicines in Uganda. The plot of this account begins with the
stock-out of antiretrovirals in the country, which occurred between 2009 and 2010 and incited
concerned questions about the fragmented landscape of antiretroviral therapy and more importantly
the responsibility for the life-long supply of antiretrovirals in the country. I will trace
these concerns through national and international media responses. These media responses
will be contrasted with workshops held to discuss a shortfall of funding and advance particular
institutional reforms. The discussion of techniques to present facts (powerpoint presentations),
practices of deliberation (working group discussions) and material objects (paper sheets) in
authorizing claims to knowledge suggest that workshops are better understood as technologies
of participation. Workshops are neither simply inclusive nor coercive. They are productive in
redefining what ought to be ‘public’ in global public health in Uganda by fostering agreements
over the causes of the stock-out of antiretrovirals and the measures to be taken in the public
interest in the context of an underfunded national health system
The Relationship between Supportive Care Needs and Health-Related Quality of Life in Cancer Patients
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and supportive care needs (SCNs) in cancer patients. It is difficult to relate SCNs to detriments in QoL since SCNs and QoL assessment tools generally comprise different dimensions that cannot be directly related to each other. Therefore, we developed a short questionnaire with eight dimensions for uniformly measuring SCNs, QoL, and the subjective importance of these dimensions. A total of 1108 cancer patients with mixed diagnoses assessed eight dimensions of health-related QoL concerning SCNs, satisfaction, and importance. Among the eight dimensions of QoL, physical functioning received the highest SCN assessments (M = 3.4), while autonomy (M = 20.7) and social relationships (M = 1.88) were the dimensions with the lowest SCN mean scores on the 1–5 scale. For each of the eight dimensions, high levels of SCNs were reported by those patients who had low levels of satisfaction with that dimension (r between −0.32 and −0.66). The subjective importance of the dimensions was not consistently correlated with SCNs (r between −0.19 and 0.20). Females reported higher SCNs than males in six of the eight specific dimensions. Patients with prostate and male genital cancers reported the lowest SCNs. These results suggest gender-specific SCN patterns that warrant further exploration. This study highlights the value of a unified assessment instrument for SCNs and QoL, providing a robust basis for future cancer care strategies
Enhancing governance in German professional football: A multidimensional approach to systemic, organisational, and political influences
No full textThe dissertation titled “Enhancing governance in German professional football: A multidimensional approach to systemic, organisational, and political influences” explores how governance structures in German professional football address evolving challenges and stakeholder expectations. With a focus on three primary governance frameworks – systemic, organisational, and political – the study examines the roles of key entities, including the German Football League (DFL), and analyses how regulations, such as financial stability and the 50+1 rule, impact club operations. Through empirical and conceptual research, the dissertation identifies gaps in accountability, supporter involvement, and sustainability practices within German football clubs and leagues. It introduces the Club Governance Quality Score (CGQS) as a novel tool to evaluate governance effectiveness for professional football clubs. The findings reveal disparities in governance practices, with larger clubs typically showing better alignment with governance standards. Key recommendations emphasise improving stakeholder inclusion, harmonising financial regulation, introducing incentive mechanisms, promoting sustainable development, and refining the 50+1 rule to strengthen governance quality and stakeholder trust. This research contributes actionable guidelines aimed at fostering transparency, accountability, and sustainable development in German football governance.:I. TABLE OF CONTENTS
II. LIST OF TABLES
III. LIST OF FIGURES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Systemic governance
2.2 Organisational governance
2.3 Political governance
3. THE ORGANISATIONAL FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL IN GERMANY
3.1 Systemic governance
3.2 Organisational governance
3.1 Political governance
4. METHODS AND MATERIALS
4.1 Influence of the institutional framework on governance principles at league and club levels
4.2 Institutionalisation and effectiveness of club governance in German professional football
4.3 Influence of sustainability policies on the institutional framework of German professional football
4.4 Overview of publications
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Influence of the institutional framework on governance principles at league and club levels
5.2 Institutionalisation and effectiveness of club governance in German professional football
5.3 Influence of sustainability policies on the institutional framework of German professional football
5.4 Recommendations to improve governance at both league and club levels
5.4.1 Systemic governance: Improving the institutional framework of professional football in Germany
5.4.2 Organisational governance: Improving club governance
5.4.3 Political governance: Promoting sustainable development
5.5 Limitations
6. CONCLUSION
LITERATUREDie Dissertation mit dem Titel „Verbesserung der Governance im deutschen Profifußball: Ein multidimensionaler Ansatz zu systemischen, organisationalen und politischen Einflüssen“ untersucht, wie Governance-Strukturen im deutschen Profifußball auf sich wandelnde Herausforderungen und Erwartungen der Stakeholder reagieren. Mit einem Fokus auf drei zentralen Governance-Dimensionen – systemische, organisationale und politische Governance – analysiert die Studie die Rollen wichtiger Akteure, einschließlich der Deutschen Fußball Liga (DFL), und untersucht, wie Regularien, wie etwa die finanzielle Lizenzierung und die 50+1-Regel, die Club Governance beeinflussen. Durch empirische und konzeptionelle Forschung identifiziert die Dissertation Lücken in den Bereichen Rechenschaftspflicht, Beteiligung von Anhängern und Nachhaltigkeitspraktiken innerhalb der deutschen Fußballvereine und Ligen. Sie führt den Club Governance Quality Score (CGQS) als neuartiges Instrument zur Bewertung der Governance-Effektivität für Profifußballvereine ein. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Unterschiede in den Governance-Praktiken, wobei größere Vereine in der Regel eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit anerkannten Governance-Standards aufweisen. Die wichtigsten Empfehlungen betonen die Verbesserung der Stakeholder-Einbindung, die Harmonisierung finanzieller Regularien, die Einführung von Anreizmechanismen, die Förderung nachhaltiger Entwicklung und die Verfeinerung der 50+1-Regel zur Stärkung der Governance-Qualität und des Vertrauens der Stakeholder. Diese Forschung liefert umsetzbare Richtlinien zur Förderung von Transparenz, Rechenschaftspflicht und nachhaltiger Entwicklung in der Governance des deutschen Fußballs.:I. TABLE OF CONTENTS
II. LIST OF TABLES
III. LIST OF FIGURES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Systemic governance
2.2 Organisational governance
2.3 Political governance
3. THE ORGANISATIONAL FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL IN GERMANY
3.1 Systemic governance
3.2 Organisational governance
3.1 Political governance
4. METHODS AND MATERIALS
4.1 Influence of the institutional framework on governance principles at league and club levels
4.2 Institutionalisation and effectiveness of club governance in German professional football
4.3 Influence of sustainability policies on the institutional framework of German professional football
4.4 Overview of publications
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Influence of the institutional framework on governance principles at league and club levels
5.2 Institutionalisation and effectiveness of club governance in German professional football
5.3 Influence of sustainability policies on the institutional framework of German professional football
5.4 Recommendations to improve governance at both league and club levels
5.4.1 Systemic governance: Improving the institutional framework of professional football in Germany
5.4.2 Organisational governance: Improving club governance
5.4.3 Political governance: Promoting sustainable development
5.5 Limitations
6. CONCLUSION
LITERATUR
