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Die Belastung von Eltern mit Kindern mit Entwicklungsstörungen und Behinderungen: Einfluss demografischer Faktoren
No full textAbstract:
Even though it is already known that parents of children with developmental delays or
disabilities experience higher parenting stress than families of typically developing children, the contributing factors need to be analyzed in more detail. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the influence of demographic characteristics on parenting stress from caring for a disabled child and to identify possible protective or additional stressful social factors. A total of 611 mothers and fathers of children with developmental delays, chronic diseases, or disabilities completed two questionnaires during their medical appointments at the Children’s Development Center (CDC) of
Leipzig University Hospital between June 2020 and February 2021. These consisted of the German versions of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Impact on Family Scale (IOFS). To determine differences between the various groups, we used parametric and non-parametric tests. Mothers and single parents are significantly more strained than fathers and non-single parents. Parents with vocational training, those who graduated with a higher-level diploma, and those within employment
report a higher financial burden. While unemployed and full-time workers experience the lowest stress, parents who work part-time or exclusively take care of their child show higher levels of stress. Looking at the age of the child, parents of children of young primary school age are the most stressed, and those of infants are the least stressed. These findings suggest that mothers and single parents especially should receive more support, and parents need to be provided with more attention during their child’s entry into school. Possible limitations and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.:I Abkürzungsverzeichnis 3
1. Einführung 4
1.1 Behinderung 4
1.2 Kinder mit Behinderungen und Entwicklungsstörungen 4
1.3 Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum 5
1.4 Belastung 6
1.5 Belastung von Kindern mit chronischen Krankheiten und Behinderungen 8
1.6 Belastung der Eltern 10
1.6.1 Erkrankung des Kindes 11
1.6.2 Mütter und Väter 12
1.6.3 Soziodemografische Faktoren 14
1.7 Zielsetzung 15
2. Originalpublikation 17
3. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 34
II Literaturverzeichnis 38
III Darstellung des eigenen Beitrags 44
IV Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 46
V Lebenslauf 47
VI Verzeichnis über wissenschaftliche Vorträge und Publikationen 48
VII Danksagung 4
Discriminant Principal Component Analysis of ToF-SIMS Spectra for Deciphering Compositional Differences of MSC-Secreted Extracellular Matrices
No full textIdentifying characteristic extracellular matrix (ECM) variants is a key challenge in mechanistic biology, bioengineering, and medical diagnostics. The reported study demonstrates the potential of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to detect subtle differences between human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-secreted ECM types as induced by exogenous stimulation or emerging pathology. ToF-SIMS spectra of decellularized ECM samples are evaluated by discriminant principal component analysis (DPCA), an advanced multivariate analysis technique, to decipher characteristic compositional features. To establish the approach, signatures of major ECM proteins are determined from samples of pre-defined mixtures. Based on that, sets of ECM variants produced by MSCs in vitro are analyzed. Differences in the content of collagen, fibronectin, and laminin in the ECM resulting from the combined supplementation of MSC cultures with polymers that induce macromolecular crowding and with ascorbic acid are detected from the DPCA of ToF-SIMS spectra. The results are verified by immunostaining. Finally, the comparative ToF-SIMS analysis of ECM produced by MSCs of healthy donors and patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome display the potential of the novel methodology to reveal disease-associated alterations of the ECM composition
Low‐temperature atmospheric pressure plasma conversion of polydimethylsiloxane and polysilazane precursor layers to oxide thin films
No full textWe study the conversion of two polymeric silicon precursor compound layers (perhydropolysilazane and polydimethylsiloxane) on a silicon wafer and polyethylene terephthalate substrates to silicon oxide thin films using a pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jet. Varying the scan velocity and the number of treatments results in various film compositions, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanism suggested for the conversion process includes the decomposition of the precursor triggered by plasma-produced species, the oxidation of the surface, and finally, the diffusion of oxygen into the film, while gases produced during the precursor decomposition diffuse out of the film. The latter process is possibly facilitated by local plasma heating of the surface. The precursor conversion appears to depend sensitively on the balance between the different contributions to the conversion mechanism
Postoperative Weight Gain within Enhanced Recovery after Cardiac Surgery
No full textOptimal fluid therapy during perioperative care as part of enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery (ERACS) should improve the outcome. Our objective was finding out the effects of fluid overload on outcome and mortality within a well-established ERACS program. All consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled. According to ROC curve analysis, a cut-off of ≥7 kg (group M, n = 1198) and <7 kg (group L, n = 1015) was defined. A moderate correlation was shown between weight gain and fluid balance r = 0.4, and a simple linear regression was significant p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.16. Propensity score matching showed that increased weight gain was associated with a longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (L 8 [3] d vs. M 9 [6] d, p < 0.0001), an increased number of patients who received pRBCs (L 311 (36%) vs. M 429 (50%), p < 0.0001), and a higher incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) (L 84 (9.8%) vs. M 165 (19.2%), p < 0.0001). Weight gain can easily represent fluid overload. Fluid overload after cardiac surgery is common and is associated with prolonged hospital LOS and increases the incidence of AKI
SAM-Competitive EZH2-Inhibitors Induce Platinum Resistance by EZH2-Independent Induction of ABC-Transporters
No full textT-cell lymphomas are heterogeneous and rare lymphatic malignancies with unfavorable prognosis. Consequently, new therapeutic strategies are needed. The enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 and responsible for lysine 27 trimethylation of histone 3. EZH2 is overexpressed in several tumor entities including T-cell neoplasms leading to epigenetic and consecutive oncogenic dysregulation. Thus, pharmacological EZH2 inhibition is a promising target and its clinical evaluation in T-cell lymphomas shows favorable results. We have investigated EZH2 expression in two cohorts of T-cell lymphomas by mRNA-profiling and immunohistochemistry, both revealing overexpression to have a negative impact on patients’ prognosis. Furthermore, we have evaluated EZH2 inhibition in a panel of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines with a focus on T-cell lymphomas characterized for canonical EZH2 signaling components. The cell lines were treated with the inhibitors GSK126 or EPZ6438 that inhibit EZH2 specifically by competitive binding at the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in combination with the common second-line chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin. The change in cytotoxic effects under pharmacological EZH2 inhibition was evaluated revealing a drastic increase in oxaliplatin resistance after 72 h and longer periods of combinational incubation. This outcome was independent of cell type but associated to reduced intracellular platinum. Pharmacological EZH2 inhibition revealed increased expression in SRE binding proteins, SREBP1/2 and ATP binding cassette subfamily G transporters ABCG1/2. The latter are associated with chemotherapy resistance due to increased platinum efflux. Knockdown experiments revealed that this was independent of the EZH2 functional state. The EZH2 inhibition effect on oxaliplatin resistance and efflux was reduced by additional inhibition of the regulated target proteins. In conclusion, pharmacological EZH2 inhibition is not suitable in combination with the common chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin in T-cell lymphomas revealing an EZH2-independent off-target effect
Stereotypes and sexism?: Effects of gender, topic, and user comments on journalists’ credibility
No full textGendered social roles raise assumptions about what female and male journalists ought to do. Prior studies have suggested that covering counter-stereotypical topics may decrease journalists’ source and their work’s message credibility. Pertaining also to prior studies on heuristic cues for credibility evaluation, user comments have been shown to serve as corrective, both positively and negatively affecting the perception of accompanying content. In an online survey with 417 German participants, we employed a 3 (author: female, male, and computer) × 2 (topic: stereotypically masculine and feminine) × 2 (comments: sexist and non-sexist) experimental design to investigate source and message credibility. Findings do not show differences in gender perception but between human authors (either female or male) and a computer (the control group). Covering counter-stereotypical topics indicates slightly less credibility for men and women if presented with non-sexist comments. In turn, sexist comments lead to slightly higher credibility, suggesting more elaborate engagement with sexism-affected content
Developments and perspectives in allergology
No full textAllergology is a key part of dermatological care. This paper reviews current
pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic developments in immediate-type
allergies.
Type-2 inflammation is involved in several allergological diseases such as aller-
gic rhinitis and asthma. Allergen immunotherapy as an important therapeutic
procedure is regulated in Germany by an official legal directive (Therapieallergene-
Verordnung). Therapeutically, several biologics are already available that target
interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -13, -33, or TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin). Collateral
efficacy may result in simultaneous treatment of allergological comorbidities.
In mast cell mediated diseases (urticaria, anaphylaxis), there is increasing under-
standing of mast cell activation pathways. Several mast cell receptors such as
MRGPRX2 (mas-related G protein coupled receptor X2) and Siglec-8 (sialinic
acid binding Ig like lectin-8) as well as intracellular signaling pathways have
recently been identified. Clinical trials are underway with drugs acting on mast
cell receptors and intracellular signaling, i.e., Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Further perspectives on biomarkers, novel therapeutics and unmet needs for
future research activities are presented
Investigation of CO2 Orientational Dynamics through Simulated NMR Line Shapes
No full textThe dynamics of carbon dioxide in third generation (i. e.,
flexible) Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) can be experimen-
tally observed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The obtained line
shapes directly correlate with the motion of the adsorbed CO2,
which in turn are readily available from classical molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations. In this article, we present our
publicly available implementation of an algorithm to calculate
NMR line shapes from MD trajectories in a matter of minutes on
any current personal computer. We apply the methodology to
study an effect observed experimentally when adsorbing CO2 in
different samples of the pillared layer MOF Ni2(ndc)2(dabco)
(ndc = 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo-
[2.2.2]-octane), also known as DUT-8(Ni). In 13C NMR experi-
ments of adsorbed CO2 in this MOF, small (rigid) crystals result
in narrower NMR line shapes than larger (flexible) crystals. The
reasons for the higher mobility of CO2 inside the smaller crystals
is unknown. Our ligand field molecular mechanics simulations
provide atomistic insight into the effects visible in NMR experi-
ments with limited computational effort
Peripher global: Ergebnisse der standardisierten Befragung zu Innovationsaktivitäten von Weltmarktführern in Deutschland
No full textIm Rahmen des Teilprojekts A02 untersuchen wir Innovationsaktivitäten von weltmarktführenden Unternehmen
in Deutschland mit einem Fokus auf Verräumlichungsprozesse im Kontext zugrundeliegender
Wissensdynamiken. Von besonderem Interesse sind diejenigen Unternehmen mit Standorten abseits der
Agglomerationsräume, die dem gängigen Narrativ zu Agglomerationsvorteilen folgend auf Grund fehlender
räumlicher Nähe zu innovationsrelevanten Informationsquellen und Kooperationspartnern scheinbar benachteiligt
sind. Die empirische Untersuchung fußt auf einem Mixed-Method-Design, das aus einer Kombination
einer standardisierten Befragung und anschließenden, vertieften Interviews mit Unternehmensvertretern
besteht. Über die standardisierte Befragung wurden in einem ersten Schritt Erkenntnisse zu
sozial-räumlichen Konfigurationen, in denen die Unternehmen agieren und die Prozesse der Wissensgenerierung
wesentlich beeinflussen, gewonnen. Das Vorgehen und die Ergebnisse zu dieser Befragung sind
Inhalte dieses Papers.
Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Befragungen deuten darauf hin, dass die von uns untersuchten Unternehmen
weitestgehend unabhängig von ihrer räumlichen Lage nach ähnlichen Prinzipien international
agieren und gleichermaßen translokale Möglichkeiten der Wissensgenerierung nutzen. Eine auf Basis einer
Clusteranalyse durchgeführte Typisierung der Unternehmen zeigt, dass strukturelle Merkmale wie die
Größe und Wissensintensität der Unternehmen den Grad der Vernetzung und die Einbindung in translokale
Wissensflüsse beeinflussen. Relativ junge und kleine, sehr wissensintensive und innovative Unternehmen
sind eher in Agglomerationsräumen vorzufinden. Größere, weniger wissensintensive, aber nichtsdestotrotz
sehr innovative Unternehmen sind hingegen auch abseits von Agglomerationsräumen angesiedelt. Beide
Typen sind gleichermaßen wenig in ihr regionales Umfeld eingebunden und entsprechend stark in translokale
Wissensdynamiken involviert.
Damit belegen die ersten Ergebnisse des Teilprojekts zentrale Annahmen einer relationalen Perspektive
auf unternehmerische Innovationsaktivitäten. Die regionale Einbettung stellt für global aktive Unternehmen
nur eine von vielen Möglichkeiten der Wissenserzeugung dar. Sie bedienen sich verschiedener Verräumlichungsstrategien
zur Einbindung in translokale Wissensdynamiken. Konkrete räumliche Praktiken in diesem
Kontext genauer zu analysieren – insbesondere mit Blick auf ihre längerfristige Wiederkehr und eine
gewisse Routinisierung und Institutionalisierung als Raumformate durch die Unternehmen – sind Ziel der
qualitativen Interviews mit Unternehmensvertretern, dem zweiten empirischen Schritt im Teilprojekt