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Die Verherrlichung der Gottesmutter: Ein Tafelgemälde des Frankfurter Druckers und Verlegers Sigmund Feyerabend aus Bad Soden-Neuenhain, Maria Hilf
No full textIdentification of New Microfoci and Genetic Characterization of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Isolates from Eastern Germany and Western Poland
No full text(1) Background: Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important tick-borne viral disease in Eurasia, although effective vaccines are available. Caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV, syn. Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis), in Europe, it is transmitted by ticks like Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. TBEV circulates in natural foci, making it endemic to specific regions, such as southern Germany and northeastern Poland. Our study aimed to identify new TBEV natural foci and genetically characterize strains in ticks in previously nonendemic areas in Eastern Germany and Western Poland. (2) Methods: Ticks were collected from vegetation in areas reported by TBE patients. After identification, ticks were tested for TBEV in pools of a maximum of 10 specimens using real-time RT-PCR. From the positive TBEV samples, E genes were sequenced. (3) Results: Among 8400 ticks from 19 sites, I. ricinus (n = 4784; 56.9%) was predominant, followed by D. reticulatus (n = 3506; 41.7%), Haemaphysalis concinna (n = 108; 1.3%), and I. frontalis (n = 2; <0.1%). TBEV was detected in 19 pools originating in six sites. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that TBEV strains from Germany and Poland clustered with other German strains, as well as those from Finland and Estonia. (4) Conclusions: Although there are still only a few cases are reported from these areas, people spending much time outdoors should consider TBE vaccination
Nutrient Composition and Feed Hygiene of Alfalfa, Comparison of Feed Intake and Selected Metabolic Parameters in Horses Fed Alfalfa Haylage, Alfalfa Hay or Meadow Hay
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine the nutrient composition and feed hygiene of alfalfa
as well as investigate the feed intake, blood, urine and faecal parameters of horses fed alfalfa haylage
(AS) compared with alfalfa hay (AH) and meadow hay (MH). A total of 11 geldings were fed ad
libitum (2.1% dry matter (DM) of body weight (BW)) with alfalfa haylage, alfalfa hay and meadow
hay (MH) in a Latin square design. On days 0 and 21 of the feeding period, blood samples were
analysed for kidney and liver parameters. Faecal samples were analysed for pH, DM and short-chain
fatty acids (SCFAs). Spontaneous urine was collected during the feeding period to analyse selected
parameters. Forage was analysed in terms of feed hygiene and crude nutrients. In several feed
samples of AS, AH and MH, the microbial reference ranges were exceeded for product-typical and
spoilage-indicating bacteria and fungi. Crude nutrient analyses revealed a median crude protein
content of 139 (138/142) g/kg DM for AS, which was similar to that in AH (127–135 g/kg DM)
and substantially higher than in MH (79.1–87.7 g/kg DM). The calcium level in AS (11.3 g/kg
DM) was significantly higher than that in MH (4.00–4.95 g/kg DM) but not compared with that
in AH (9.80–10.4 g/kg DM). All blood parameters were within the reference ranges. Fractional
excretion (FE)Ca for AS-fed horses ranged from 8.13 to 22.0%; the FECa for AH-fed horses ranged
from 6.48 to 24.8%; the FECa for MH-fed horses ranged from 6.69 to 53.2%. No significant differenceswere found in faecal pH or SCFA content in AS-fed horses compared with AH-fed and MH-fed
horses. We concluded that alfalfa haylage provides an alternative forage for equine nutrition
Eine Titeldivergenz in den Grabräuberpapyri: Ein möglicher Beleg für Amtsenthebung als Strafe
No full textIn papyrus Amherst 6 + Léopold II (16th regnal
year of Ramesses IX) of the so-called Tomb Robbery Papyri,
a certain Amenemheb is mentioned three times among a
number of other individuals. He was convicted of robbing
the tombs of western Thebes. In this context, the titles
attributed to him on the papyrus are of particular interest.
In 2:2 and 3:13, he is referred to as “cultivator of the temple
of Amenope” (ꜥḥ.wtj n(.j) pr Jmn-jp.t), whereas, in 4:6 he is
called “agent of the temple of Amenope” (rwḏ.w Jmn-m-ḥb
n(.j) pr Jmn-jp.t). Based on a detailed analysis of the contents
of Papyrus Amherst 6 + Léopold II, this article demonstrates
that the reason for this difference is ouster. This means that
Amenemheb at least formally lost his office – unlike his
colleagues. Afterwards, he was sentenced to death, which
is not mentioned explicitly in the text but which we may
assume with some certainty. If this is correct, this is one of
the few examples of ouster as a punishment being carried
out in reality. However, it was not targeted primarily at the
denial of the delinquent’s access to the assets, which were
tied to it
IKAROS—how many feathers have you lost: mild and severe phenotypes in IKZF1 deficiency
No full textHeterozygous germline variants in human IKZF1 encoding for IKAROS define an inborn error of immunity with immunodeficiency, immune dysregulation and risk of malignancy with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Growing evidence of underlying pathophysiological genotype-phenotype correlations helps to improve our understanding of IKAROS-associated diseases. We describe 6 patients from 4 kindreds with two novel IKZF1 variants leading to haploinsufficiency from 3 centers in Germany. We also provide an overview of first symptoms to a final diagnosis including data from the literature
Evaluating the Impact of Applying Personal Glucose Targets in a Closed-Loop System for People With Type 1 Diabetes
No full textBackground
CamAPS FX is a hybrid closed-loop smartphone app used to manage type one diabetes. The closed-loop algorithm has a default target glucose of 5.8 mmol/L (104.5 mg/dL), but users can select personal glucose targets (adjustable between 4.4 mmol/L and 11.0 mmol/L [79 mg/dL and 198 mg/dL, respectively]).
Method
In this post-hoc analysis, we evaluated the impact of personal glucose targets on glycemic control using data from participants in five randomized controlled trials.
Results
Personal glucose targets were widely used, with 20.3% of all days in the data set having a target outside the default target bin (5.5-6.0 mmol/L [99-108 mg/dL]). Personal glucose targets >6.5 mmol/L (117 mg/dL) were associated with significantly less time in target range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L [70-180 mg/dL]; 6.5-7.0 mmol/L [117-126 mg/dL]: mean difference = −3.2 percentage points [95% CI: −5.3 to −1.2; P 6.5 mmol/L (117 mg/dL) were associated with significantly lower time (<3.9 mmol/L [<70 mg/dL]; 6.5-7.0 mmol/L [117-126 mg/dL]: −1.85 percentage points [95% CI: −2.37 to −1.34; P < .001]; 7.0-7.5 mmol/L [126-135 mg/dL]: −2.68 percentage points [95% CI: −3.49 to −1.86; P < .001]).
Conclusions
Discrete study populations showed differences in glucose control when applying similar personal targets
Modelling Emission Patterns and Trends of Primary Marine Organic Aerosol with Focus on the Arctic
No full textWindgetriebene Emissionen von primärem marinen organischen Aerosol (PMOA) tragen maßgeblich zur Aerosolbelastung in der unteren Troposphäre in Meeres- und Küstenregionen. PMOA kann Wolkeneigenschaften, Niederschlagsmuster und Strahlungsbilanz, insbesondere in unbelasteten Meeresumgebungen, verändern und so einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Klimasystem haben. PMOA-Verbindungen, die an der Meeresoberfläche entstehen, ähneln der organischen Zusammensetzung von Meerwasser und besitzen physikalisch-chemische Eigenschaften, die ihren Übergang in Aerosole und ihre potenzielle eisnukleierende Aktivität in Wolken beeinflussen. Im derzeitigen Klimawandel, in dem die Temperaturen in der Arktis mehr als doppelt so stark steigen wie in mittleren und niedrigen Breiten, ist das Studium von PMOA entscheidend, da die Region drastische Veränderungen des Meereises, der Ozeandynamik und des marinen Ökosystems erfährt. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie Meereisrückgang und marine biologische Aktivität die PMOA-Produktion in der Arktis beeinflussen, unter Verwendung langfristiger Aerosol-Klimamodellsimulationen. Zudem wird erklärt, wie die Biomolekülproduktion globale, regionale und saisonale Unterschiede einzelner PMOA-Spezies steuert.
Um mehrere PMOA-Spezies im Aerosol-Klimamodell ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3 darzustellen, wird das OCEANFILMS-Schema (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants), das den Transfer organischer Substanzen in Aerosole beschreibt, angepasst, um drei Gruppen mariner Biomoleküle zu berücksichtigen: gelöste karbonsäurehaltige Polysaccharide (PCHO), gelöste kombinierte Aminosäuren (DCAA) und polare Lipide (PL). Die Arbeit stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz vor, um deren Konzentrationen im Ozean auf Grundlage mariner Tracer aus dem Ozean-Meereis-Biogeochemiemodell FESOM2.1–REcoM3 zu berechnen, die als Randbedingungen für die Aerosol-Klimamodellsimulationen dienen.
Ergebnisse eines 30-jährigen globalen Simulationsexperiments von 1990 bis 2019 deuten darauf hin, dass die globale Verteilung von Biomolekülen für verschiedene Arten variiert. PCHO und DCAA sind die im Meerwasser am häufigsten vorkommenden Biomoleküle und treten tendenziell in höheren Konzentrationen in Gewässern mit geringer biologischer Aktivität auf, während PL in Regionen mit hoher Produktivität dominieren und am stärksten zur Aerosolmasse beitragen. Eine umfassende Evaluierung der simulierten Meeres- und Aerosolmengen zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit In-situ-Meerwasserproben und Beobachtungen mariner organischer Aerosole. Ein Vergleich mit Flugzeugmessungen zeigt, dass organische Aerosole in den südlichen Ozeanen besser modelliert werden, wenn PMOA berücksichtigt wird.
In der Arktis ist das Maximum der Biomolekülproduktion und der PMOA-Emissionen mit Phytoplanktonblüten und sommerlichem Meereisschmelzen verknüpft. Biomoleküle zeigen deutliche positive Trends in den inneren Arktischen Meeren während des Sommers (Juli–August–September). Der Rückgang des Meereises korreliert mit steigenden PMOA-Emissionen, die von einer Zunahme der atmosphärischen Aerosolbeladung und der Oberflächenaerosolkonzentration begleitet werden. Allerdings unterscheiden sich die Trends zwischen biomolekularen Gruppen und Regionen innerhalb der Arktis. Die Beaufortsee zeigt den drastischsten Anstieg, wobei PCHO den höchsten proportionalen Anstieg aufweist, was auf potenziell unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf Aerosol-Wolken-Prozesse hindeutet.Wind-driven primary marine organic aerosol (PMOA) emission significantly contributes to the aerosol burden in the lower troposphere over oceanic and coastal regions. PMOA could alter cloud properties, precipitation patterns and radiative balance, especially in marine pristine environments, having a crucial impact on the climate system. PMOA compounds, which originate from the ocean surface, resemble seawater composition and possess physicochemical properties that govern their transfer to aerosols and their potential ice-nucleating activity in clouds. In the current warming climate, with Arctic temperatures rising more than twice as fast as in mid and low latitudes, studying PMOA is essential as the region undergoes drastic changes in sea ice, ocean dynamics, and the marine ecosystem. This thesis investigates how sea ice retreat and marine biological activity affect PMOA production in the Arctic using long-term aerosol-climate model simulations. It also explains how biomolecule production drives global, regional, and seasonal differences in individual PMOA species.
To represent multiple PMOA species in the aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3, the OCEANFILMS (Organic Compounds from Ecosystems to Aerosols: Natural Films and Interfaces via Langmuir Molecular Surfactants) scheme, describing the transfer of organics to aerosols, is adapted to consider three marine biomolecule groups: dissolved carboxylic acids containing polysaccharides (PCHO), dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA), and polar lipids (PL). A novel approach to compute their ocean concentration based on marine tracers from the FESOM2.1–REcoM3 ocean-sea-ice biogeochemistry model is introduced, serving as surface boundary conditions for the aerosol-climate model simulations.
Results of a 30-year global simulation experiment, spanning 1990-2019, indicate that the global distribution of biomolecules varies for different species. PCHO and DCAA are the most abundant biomolecules in seawater and tend to occur at higher concentrations in waters with low biological activity, whereas PL dominates in highly productive regions and contributes most to aerosol mass. A comprehensive evaluation of simulated marine and aerosol quantities shows good agreement with in situ seawater samples and marine organic aerosol observations. A comparison to aircraft measurements indicates that organic aerosols are better captured in the southern oceans when considering PMOA.
In the Arctic, the peak of biomolecule production and PMOA emissions is linked to phytoplankton blooms and summer sea ice melt. Biomolecules show strong positive trends in the inner Arctic seas during summer (July-August-September). Sea ice retreat correlates with increasing PMOA emissions, accompanied by rising atmospheric column burden and surface aerosol concentration. However, trends differ among biomolecular groups and regions within the Arctic. The Beaufort Sea shows the most drastic increase in aerosol quantities, while PCHO exhibits the highest proportional rise, indicating a potentially different impact on aerosol-cloud processes
Prevalence of mental disorders, psychosocial distress, and perceived need for psychosocial support in cancer patients and their relatives stratified by biopsychosocial factors: rationale, study design, and methods of a prospective multi-center observational cohort study (LUPE study)
No full textBackground: Despite remarkable progress, cancer remains a life-threatening disease for millions of people worldwide, also resulting in significant psychosocial limitations. High-quality, comprehensive cancer care requires patient and family involvement and the provision of needs-based, targeted psychosocial services. Although progress has been made in understanding the occurrence of mental comorbidity and psychosocial distress in cancer patients, comparatively little is known about the course of psychological comorbidity and psychosocial distress in early survivorship among patients and their families. We therefore aim to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders according to the DSM-5, psychosocial distress, perceived needs for psychosocial support and utilization of psychosocial support offers in newly diagnosed cancer patients and their relatives, taking into account potential contributing biopsychosocial factors for the occurrence of psychological comorbidity.
Methods/design: This study follows a prospective multi-center observational cohort design across four measurement time points: within 2 months after cancer diagnosis (t1), and in the follow-up period at 6 months (t2), at 12 months (t3), and at 18 months (t4) after t1. Patients older than 18 years who have a confirmed initial diagnosis of a malignant solid tumor and are scheduled for cancer treatment at one of the participating cancer centers are eligible for study participation. Relatives of eligible patients are also eligible for study participation if they are older than 18 years. Patients are interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-CV). In addition, patients and relatives receive a set of validated questionnaires at each measurement time point, covering comorbid conditions and functional performance, perceived psychological distress and quality of life, partnership aspects and social relationships, supportive care needs and use of psychosocial support services, health literacy, and health behavior and meaning in life.
Discussion: This prospective multi-center observational cohort study has a major focus on increasing quality of care and quality of life in cancer survivors through providing rigorous longitudinal data for the development and implementation of target group-specific psychosocial support services
Variability and properties of liquid-dominated clouds over the ice-free and sea-ice-covered Arctic Ocean
No full textDue to their potential to either warm or cool the surface, liquid-phase clouds and their interaction with the ice-free and sea-ice-covered ocean largely determine the energy budget and surface temperature in the Arctic. Here, we use airborne measurements of solar spectral cloud reflectivity obtained during the Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) campaign in summer 2017 and the Arctic Amplification: FLUXes in the Cloudy Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AFLUX) campaign in spring 2019 in the vicinity of Svalbard to retrieve microphysical properties of liquid-phase clouds. The retrieval was tailored to provide consistent results over sea-ice and open-ocean surfaces. Clouds including ice crystals that significantly bias the retrieval results were filtered from the analysis. A comparison with in situ measurements shows good agreement with the retrieved effective radii and an overestimation of the liquid water path and reduced agreement for boundary-layer clouds with varying fractions of ice water content. Considering these limitations, retrieved microphysical properties of clouds observed over the ice-free ocean and sea ice in spring and early summer in the Arctic are compared. In early summer, the liquid-phase clouds have a larger median effective radius (9.5 µm), optical thickness (11.8) and effective liquid water path (72.3 g m−2) compared to spring conditions (8.7 µm, 8.3 and 51.8 g m−2, respectively). The results show larger cloud droplets over the ice-free Arctic Ocean compared to sea ice in spring and early summer caused mainly by the temperature differences in the surfaces and related convection processes. Due to their larger droplet sizes, the liquid clouds over the ice-free ocean have slightly reduced optical thicknesses and lower liquid water contents compared to the sea-ice surface conditions. The comprehensive dataset on microphysical properties of Arctic liquid-phase clouds is publicly available and could, e.g., help to constrain models or be used to investigate effects of liquid-phase clouds on the radiation budget
Different Coping Constructs in Haematological Cancer Patients: The Influence of Dyadic on Individual Coping Interplay of DC and IC in Haematological Cancer
No full textObjective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between individual coping (IC) and dyadic coping (DC), more specifically the respective predictive impact of DC and sociodemographic, partnership-related, and medical variables on IC in haematological cancer patients. Methods: In this multicenter longitudinal study, we examined DCI (Dyadic Coping Inventory) and IC (Freiburg Questionnaire on Coping with Illness) in 214 haematological cancer patients after their treatment and six months later. Associations between the coping constructs were calculated using Pearson correlations. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictive impact of patient-specific variables on IC strategies. Results: Pearson correlation revealed numerous significant associations between DC and IC at the baseline and follow-up, but none of them yielded r ≥ |0.4| (p < 0.01). Regression analyses showed a predictive impact of supportive DC on compliance (p < 0.05) and of common DC on active IC (p < 0.01). Concerning patient-specific variables, age stood out as a positive predictor of trivialization (p < 0.001) and compliance (p < 0.01) and psychological distress as a predictor of depressive IC (p < 0.001), distraction (p < 0.05), and trivialization (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that patients’ personal characteristics, such as age and psychological distress, outweigh the influence of DC on IC in haematological cancer patients