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Pandemic Citizenship, Care, and the Joys of Denial in 'It’s a Sin' (2021): Remembering AIDS in the Post-COVID Conjuncture
No full textDie neuzeitlichen Handschriften der Nullgruppe (Ms 0301-0600): Beschrieben von Detlef Döring
No full textDie in diesem Band beschriebenen Handschriften konzentrieren sich inhaltlich auf verschiedene Themen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind eine Reihe von Briefsammlungen meist mitteldeutscher Gelehrter des 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts. Diese Korrespondenzen bieten wichtiges neues Quellenmaterial zur Geschichte des Humanismus, der Aufklärung, des Pietismus und zur allgemeinen Wissenschaftshistorie. Umfangreich ist auch der Bestand an Materialien zur mitteldeutschen Regionalgeschichte, insbesondere zur Geschichte der Oberlausitz (vor allem Görlitz), wobei das höhere Schulwesen im Mittelpunkt steht. Schulgeschichtlich von Bedeutung sind auch mehrbändige Textsammlungen zum Gymnasium illustre in Stettin aus der Zeit um 1700. Weitere Schwerpunkte der beschriebenen Handschriftengruppe bilden Texte zur Magie und Alchemie, zur Postgeschichte und zur Geschichte der Mathematik und Astronomie
Recent Progress in the Application of Transition-Metal Containing MFI topologies for NH3-SCR-DeNOx and NH3 oxidation
No full textTransition metal-containing MFI-based catalysts are widely investigated in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR-DeNOx), and the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3-SCO) into nitrogen and water vapor. While MFI-based catalysts are less intensively studied than smaller pore zeolites (i. e., chabazite, CHA) they are still used commercially for these processes and are of great interest for future study in particular to better understand structure-activity relationships. Hierarchically porous MFI catalysts (containing both micropores and mesopores) often show enhanced catalytic properties compared to conventional (microporous) materials in both NH3-SCR-DeNOx and NH3-SCO. Thus, a critical overview of the current understanding of the salient physico-chemical properties that influence the performance of these catalysts is examined. Furthermore, strategies for the development of ZSM-5 based catalysts with enhanced catalytic lifetime, supported by the investigations of reaction mechanisms are reviewed and discussed
Outcome differences in HPV-driven head and neck squamous cell carcinoma attributable to altered human leukocyte antigen frequencies
No full textEffective immune surveillance requires a functioning immune
system and natural killer (NK) and T cells for adequate innate and antigen-
specific immune responses critically depending on human leukocyte
antigens (HLAs) and haplotypes representing advantageous combinations
of HLA antigens. Recently, we reported a link between altered frequencies of
HLA alleles and haplotypes and developing head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC). Whereas the majority of HNSCCs seem to be related to
classical risk factors alcohol and tobacco, a subset of HNSCC and especially
oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) were etiologically linked
to human papillomavirus (HPV) recently. Here, we demonstrate in HPV-
driven (p16-positive high risk-HPV DNA-positive) HNSCC a deviating
distribution of HLA antigens and haplotypes and their relevance to outcome
On Shifting Social and Urban Landscapes in Uruk under Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur II: A View from One Neighborhood
No full textThis paper discusses a small dossier of four documents concerning a house that stood in Neo-Babylonian Uruk. These documents, among which are two previously unpublished texts, offer a rare opportunity to follow the history of one property and one neighborhood over a period of more than half a century. Apart from supplying unique long-term data on property prices in Uruk, the dossier provides insight into various social and political changes that shaped Uruk’s urban landscape in the late seventh and early sixth centuries BC. In particular, it contributes to the evidence concerning a dramatic purge of Uruk elites that took place in the middle of Nabû-kudurrī-uṣur (Nebuchadnezzar) II’s reign
Space Charge Region beyond the Abrupt Approximation
No full textThe problem of the potential, electrical field and charge density in a space charge region is revisited. Within the Boltzmann approximation, the asymptotic solution is found analytically. The exact solution everywhere can be found from numerically integrating an analytical function. The solution is compared to the popular abrupt (or depletion) approximation and an analytical approximation is given
Analysis of Cellular Stress Assay Parameters and Intracellular ATP in Platelets: Comparison of Platelet Preparation Methods
No full textPlatelets are metabolically active, anucleated and small circulating cells mainly responsible for the prevention of bleeding and maintenance of hemostasis. Previous studies showed that platelets mitochondrial content, function, and energy supply change during several diseases such as HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and in preeclampsia during pregnancy. These changes in platelets contributed to the severity of diseases and mortality. In our previous studies, we have shown that the seahorse-based cellular stress assay (CSA) parameters are crucial to the understanding of the mitochondrial performance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS). Moreover, the results of CSA parameters were significantly influenced by the PBMC preparation methods. In this study, we assessed the correlation of CSA parameters and intracellular ATP content in platelets and evaluated the effects of platelet preparation methods on the results of CSA parameters and intracellular ATP content. We compared the results of CSA parameters and intracellular ATP content in platelets isolated by density centrifugation with Optiprep and simple centrifugation of blood samples without Optiprep. Platelets isolated by centrifugation with Optiprep showed a higher spare capacity, basal respiration, and maximal respiration than those isolated without Optiprep. There was a clear correlation between basal respiration and maximal respiration, and the whole-ATP content in both isolation methods. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the relative spare capacity and whole-cell ATP content. In conclusion, the results of seahorse-based CSA parameters and intracellular ATP content in platelets are markedly influenced by the platelet isolation methods employed. The results of basal respiration and maximal respiration are hallmarks of cellular activity in platelets, and whole-cell ATP content is a potential hint for basic platelet viability. We recommend further studies to evaluate the role of CSA parameters and intracellular ATP content in platelets as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of disease states
Time to Recovery from Systolic Dysfunction Correlates with Left Ventricular Fibrosis in Arrhythmia-Induced Cardiomyopathy
No full textBackground: Arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC) is characterized by the reversibility of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (LVSD) after rhythm restoration. This study is a cardiac magnetic resonance tomography substudy of our AIC trial with the purpose to investigate whether left ventricular fibrosis affects the time to recovery (TTR) in patients with AIC. Method: Patients with newly diagnosed and otherwise unexplainable LVSD and tachyarrhythmia were prospectively recruited. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiography at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 months after rhythm control, and stress markers were assessed. After initial rhythm control, LV fibrosis was assessed through late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Patients were diagnosed with AIC if their LVEF improved by ≥15% (or ≥10% when LVEF reached ≥50%). Non-responders served as controls (non-AIC). Results: The LGE analysis included 39 patients, 31 of whom recovered (AIC). LV end-systolic diameters decreased and LVEF increased during follow-up. LV LGE content correlated positively with TTR (r = 0.63, p = 0.003), with less LGE favoring faster recovery, and negatively with ΔLVEF (i.e., LVEF at month 2 compared to baseline) as a marker of fast recovery (r = −0.55, p = 0.012), suggesting that LV fibrosis affects the speed of recovery. Conclusion: LV fibrosis correlated positively with the time to recovery in patients with AIC. This correlation may help in the estimation of the recovery period and in the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with AIC
Detailed analysis of skull morphology and brain size in crested Padovana chicken (Gallus gallus f.d.)
No full textIntroduction: Crested chickens show abnormalities in their anatomy of the skull, endocranium, and brain (including cerebral elongation) and can be appropriate model systems for neuroanatomical evolution, brain–skull integration, and skull and brain deformities. Here, we give a detailed comprehensive description of the skull of crested chickens using the example of the Padovana chicken, including ontogenetic aspects and an allometric analysis of their brain size.
Methods: In total, 109 chickens of two different strains of the Padovana chicken were hatched together. All animals were X-rayed weekly during growth. Nine juvenile (ready for hatch) and 22 adult skulls were processed for histology and morphological descriptions, and a further 20 individuals were processed for brain analysis.
Results: At hatching, all chicks were already crested, and a distinctive bony protuberance was first observed at the age of 4 weeks. Juvenile chickens exhibit either an open neurocranium or a protuberance. In the adult skull, foramina of different sizes can be found in the frontal bone, but no completely open neurocrania are observed in juveniles. Particularly in Padovana with cranial protuberances, several peculiarities can be observed in the os mesethmoidale, os nasale, os praemaxillare, orbit, and cranial fossae. Additionally, the brain of Padovana with cranial protuberances looks drawn in length with the shape of an hourglass and showed significantly larger encephalization indices than plain-headed breeds, topped only by another crested chicken breed.
Discussion: Investigations on chickens with cerebral elongation may facilitate the understanding of skull and brain dysplasia and may provide meaningful insights into cerebral hernia development. Additionally, crested breeds, combined with standard chickens, form a promising comparative system for investigating the emergence of novel brain and skull morphologies
New approach methods to assess developmental and adult neurotoxicity for regulatory use: a PARC work package 5 project
No full textIn the European regulatory context, rodent in vivo studies are the predominant source of neurotoxicity information. Although they form a cornerstone of neurotoxicological assessments, they are costly and the topic of ethical debate. While the public expects chemicals and products to be safe for the developing and mature nervous systems, considerable numbers of chemicals in commerce have not, or only to a limited extent, been assessed for their potential to cause neurotoxicity. As such, there is a societal push toward the replacement of animal models with in vitro or alternative methods. New approach methods (NAMs) can contribute to the regulatory knowledge base, increase chemical safety, and modernize chemical hazard and risk assessment. Provided they reach an acceptable level of regulatory relevance and reliability, NAMs may be considered as replacements for specific in vivo studies. The European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) addresses challenges to the development and implementation of NAMs in chemical risk assessment. In collaboration with regulatory agencies, Project 5.2.1e (Neurotoxicity) aims to develop and evaluate NAMs for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) and adult neurotoxicity (ANT) and to understand the applicability domain of specific NAMs for the detection of endocrine disruption and epigenetic perturbation. To speed up assay time and reduce costs, we identify early indicators of later-onset effects. Ultimately, we will assemble second-generation developmental neurotoxicity and first-generation adult neurotoxicity test batteries, both of which aim to provide regulatory hazard and risk assessors and industry stakeholders with robust, speedy, lower-cost, and informative next-generation hazard and risk assessment tools