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Projecte de remodelació de la plaça Sóller i l’Ateneu La Bòbila. A baix les muralles! La plaça dins del parc i el pavelló dins la plaça
No full textA partir dels anys seixanta el barri de Porta, dins del districte de Nou Barris, es va convertir en un cúmul de blocs de pisos típics de perifèria urbana on allotjar monòtonament i idènticament a la població arribada en massa. El típic despropòsit desenvolupista del moment, sense tenir cura dels espais urbans, ni les infraestructures necessàries per a tots aquells eixams residencials. Calia aleshores urbanitzar i dotar l’espai urbà d’aquells barris tan densos amb les propostes d’urbanització com les de la Via Júlia o el carrer d’en Prim (això es va fer a posteriori, invertint l’ordre tradicional d’urbanitzar primer i edificar després). La Barcelona olímpica tenia el repte -a més del repte esportiu, és clarde superar els dèficits urbanístics en què es trobava la ciutat a les portes del gran esdeveniment. La política de renovació urbana de Barcelona va ser justament la creació de nous espais urbans o la millora dels ja existents. Es va apostar per l’espai públic com a element estructurador del teixit urbà de la ciutat, deixant d’actuar com a espais intersticials, esdevenint places, parcs, jardins o carrers. La plaça de Sóller va ser un d’aquests espais, incorporant-se en aquest nou sistema de projectes urbanístics de qualitat que anaven més enllà del centre de Barcelona i que van generar espais valuosos i rellevants per tota la ciutat
Murs Soil Nailing. Enginyeria civil dins de casa
Get PDFPensar en un mur de formigó armat és pensar en aquell element constructiu pesat que es fa amb planxes metàl·liques com a sistema d’encofrat, amb un munt armadures a l’interior, que s’omple de formigó mitjançant cubilots o bomba de formigó
Structural Condition Assessment Through the Optimal Combination of Different Non-destructive Techniques
No full textOur society’s sustainable development is driving technicians to develop techniques to control our structures more efficiently to preserve and extend their durability. In many cases, there is a tendency to do inspections using invasive or destructive techniques, which can be complex and costly. This study aims to demon-strate the effectiveness of the combined use of different non-destructive techniques and its applicability to structural inspection (i.e.: infrared thermography, ultrasound and electrical resistivity measurement)
The Use of Laser Scanning and Aerial Photogrammetry as Tools for the Analysis of Double-Shell Domes in the Province of Alicante (Spain)
No full textThe collection of spatial data for documenting cultural heritage has changed in recent years. There has been a shift from the use of traditional direct measurement tools to the possibility of using indirect methods such as photogram-metry or laser technology. Regarding photogrammetry, it is worth highlighting its low cost, obtaining results with sufficient precision for the rigorous documentation of cultural heritage elements. As for the use of laser technology, its cost is higher, but the results obtained reach a high level of precision. The aim of this work is to analyse the constructive form of double domes in the province of Alicante (Spain). Specifically, the application of the proposed methodology to the dome of the church of San Juan Bautista de Callosa d’en Sarriá is analysed and discussed, although this methodology can be extrapolated to any dome or other constructive element of similar characteristics. For this purpose, information from point clouds obtained with the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and aerial photogrammetry from photographs taken with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with an incorporated camera were used. Data from inside the dome were obtained with TLS, while data from outside the dome were obtained by combining both indirect methods. These data were used to obtain the complete point cloud based on the constructed 3D reality in order to extract the necessary information
Assessment of Industrial Large-Volume Wastes with High Potential to Be Used as Emerging Alkali-Activated Precursors: A Review
No full textAlkali-activated binders (AABs) have been recognized as a viable alter-native to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their mechanical performance and excellent resistance to chemical attacks. In addition, the possibility of manufacturing various waste and by-products has made them a more environmentally friendly solu-tion than OPC. However, the high global cement demand that is currently required still cannot be replaced with the alkali-activated precursors assessed in the literature to date. Therefore, it is necessary to study and evaluate new cementing raw mate-rials that can be formulated based on alkaline activation technology. In this sense, various large-volume industrial waste such as Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), Electric Arc Furnace Slags (EAFS), and some natural stone waste (NSW), among others, have emerged in the last decades as unconventional precursors for alkali-activated binders due to their high contents of silica, alumina, and calcium oxide. This study aims to update the state of the art of AABs formulated using these novel precursors, mainly focusing on the influence of the chemical composition, the alkaline activator solutions used, and the curing temperature conditions in their final mechanical performance
Generating 3D CAD Models from Laser Scanning Point Cloud Data to Monitor and Preserve Heritage Buildings
No full textCondition monitoring of buildings can benefit from 3D laser scanning since the geometry of the building and some key features and components can be iden-tified for the purpose of retrofitting, cataloguing, or fully or partially reconstructing the building. The 3D reconstruction of heritage buildings, sites, and artefacts should be accurately performed so that their current state of conservation is conveniently studied to support imminent or future conservation actions. Point clouds, as the raw data from 3D laser scanning, enable a general visual representation but cannot distinguish between detailed components and substructures in a true 3D CAD model. Hence, to achieve a 3D CAD model from point clouds, manual or semi-automated techniques will be needed. This chapter discusses and evaluates point cloud-based modelling approaches that can be adopted in historic buildings and sites to construct their 3D CAD model with geometrical alterations, also known as an as-built 3D heritage model. To do this, a case study of a particular historic building called Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem, in the city of Nottingham (the United Kingdom), is addressed, which is claimed to be the oldest pub in England (1189 AD). Being a reliable source of geometrical data to constitute Historic Building Information Models (HBIM), as-built 3D heritage models should be considered a prerequisite for non-destructive monitoring strategy to retrofit and maintain building components. Moreover, they are useful to produce immersive experiences to explore and disseminate heritage assets
Contribution of Activated Mortars with Phase Change Materials to the Energy Efficiency of Buildings
No full textCurrently, the high energetic demand in the construction sector, especially associated with the buildings climatization requirements, it is a subject of extreme importance and with urgent action needs. This issue is related to the strong depen-dence of climatization equipment based on non-renewable energy sources, mainly oil, coal and natural gas. The possibility of incorporating Phase Change Materials (PCM) into constructive solutions early began to attract the attention of several researchers, however there are several types and techniques for incorporating PCM in constructive solutions. Thus, the main purpose of this study consists in comparing the performance of cement mortars incorporating PCM microcapsules, using the encapsulation technique, and the performance of cement mortars with addition of a non-encapsulated PCM, without any previous treatment, through the direct incorpo-ration technique. It was possible to verify that the PCM presence modify the maim properties of the mortars, namely resulting in a greater water absorption capacity by immersion and a decrease in the flexural and compressive strengths. However, the two techniques revealed a very satisfactory and equivalent thermal behavior in terms of control and attenuation of extreme temperatures inside the buildings. Neverthe-less, the non-encapsulated PCM present a significantly lower acquisition cost, thus increasing the economic efficiency and possibility of technology implementation
Characterization of the sandstone of the San Cristóbal Hill as a resistant material in historical buildings: the case of the Church of Santiago, from Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz)
No full textLa piedra objeto de la presente investigación estudio procede de la Iglesia de Santiago de Jerez de la Frontera. Es un material muy utilizado en la construcción de los edificios del patrimonio histórico. Se trata de una piedra arenisca que pertenece a la cantera del Cerro de San Cristóbal que, por diferentes motivos económico, logísticos y de trabajabilidad, ha sido muy utilizada en importantes edificios construidos a lo largo del valle del Guadalquivir Sevilla, Jerez de la Frontera, Puerto de Santa María, San Fernando, Cádiz, Utrera, incluso llegando a utilizarse en la Catedral de Málaga. Los edificios históricos, por lo general suelen estar bajo criterios de protección patrimonial. Esto implica no sólo la necesidad de su conservación sino también la responsabilidad de garantizar su integridad estructural, especialmente cuando forman parte de edificaciones que aún están en uso. En estas dos últimas décadas se han acometido obras importantes en nuestro patrimonio, ejemplo la catedral de Sevilla se han sustituido dos pilares y se realizan periódicamente trabajos de consolidación y sustitución de sillares perteneciente a los muros. También en la Iglesia del Salvador de Sevilla se han reforzado todas las estructuras de la iglesia pilares, bóvedas, muros debido a la degradación de la piedra. Y en la Iglesia de Santiago de Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, se han generado numerosas patologías estructurales que comenzaron a finales del siglo XVII y desde esta fecha y en varias ocasiones, han sido necesarias labores de rehabilitación y refuerzos estructurales. La piedra arenisca de estudio ha sido estudiada y se han realizado distintas publicaciones que, denotan un claro interés, por su conservación profundizando el conocimiento de los aspectos físico, y químico, además de su caracterización petrográficas para optimizar los tratamientos a aplicar a la piedra, que mejoran su durabilidad. Sin embargo, el análisis de su comportamiento mecánico no se ha llegado a tratar en profundidad, desde un punto de vista estructural, ni la influencia que provoca en las propiedades mecánicas, la presencia de la humedad. Los estudios realizados a otras piedras areniscas no son de aplicación a nuestra piedra ya que tienen diferentes características. Si tenemos en cuenta la mayoría de las fábricas de piedra en estructuras históricas están a la intemperie, por lo que están sujetas a cambios de humedad ambiental, otras están afectadas por la humedad de capilaridad, pudiendo llegar a altas cotas con diferentes niveles de contenido de humedad (%), incluso en las zonas más altas de la edificación pueden verse afectadas por filtraciones de la cubierta. Es ampliamente conocido que las propiedades mecánicas de las piedras naturales utilizadas como materiales estructurales de construcción se ven afectadas negativamente por la humedad. El poco conocimiento del comportamiento mecánico de la piedra arenisca del Cerro de San Cristóbal, provoca una gran incertidumbre en los técnicos y restauradores que tienen que tomar decisiones de cómo intervenir en el patrimonio histórico, ya que esta piedra es el elemento principal, que asume competencias estructurales, al constituirse como un material fundamental de los muros y pilares. Por tanto, un adecuado conocimiento de la piedra aseguraría un mayor rigor en la toma de decisiones por dichos técnicos. La investigación desarrollada pretende proporcionar un modelo de análisis, planteando un método no destructivo, con el que conocer sus propiedades mecánicas, además de obtener los fundamentos necesarios para poner de manifiesto el estado real en que se encuentra la piedra y su repercusión en el comportamiento de la estructura del edificio, incluso tenido en cuenta la afección que provoca la presencia de la humedad.The stone object of this research study comes from the Church of Santiago de Jerez de la Frontera. It is a material widely used in the construction of historical heritage buildings. It is a sandstone that belongs to the Cerro de San Cristóbal quarry which, for different reasons ‐ economic, logistical and workability ‐ has been widely used throughout the Guadalquivir valley: Seville, Jerez de la Frontera, Puerto de Santa María, San Fernando, Cádiz (1), Utrera (2.3), even being used in the Cathedral of Málaga (4). Historic buildings are generally under heritage protection criteria. This implies not only the need for their conservation but also the responsibility to guarantee their structural integrity, especially when they are part of buildings that are still in use. In the last two decades, important works have been undertaken in our heritage, for example, the Cathedral of Seville, two pillars (5) have been replaced, and consolidation and replacement works of ashlars belonging to the walls are carried out periodically. Also in the Church of El Salvador in Seville, all the structures of the church, pillars, vaults, walls have been reinforced due to the degradation of the stone. And in the Church of Santiago de Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, numerous problems have arisen that began at the end of the 17th century and since then and on several occasions, rehabilitation work has been necessary. The sandstone under study has been studied and different publications have been carried out, denoting a clear interest in its conservation, deepening the knowledge of the physical and chemical aspects (6), (7), (8), in addition to its characterization. petrographic (9) to optimize the treatments to be applied to the stone, which improve its durability (10), (11). However, the analysis of its mechanical behavior has not been dealt with in depth, from a structural point of view, nor the influence that the presence of humidity causes on the mechanical properties. The studies carried out on other sandstones (12), (13), (14) are not applicable to our stone since they have different characteristics. If we take into account most of the stone factories in historical structures are outdoors, so they are subject to changes in environmental humidity, others are affected by capillarity, and can reach high levels with different levels of moisture content, even in the highest areas of the building they can be affected by leaks from the roof. It is widely known that the mechanical properties of natural stones used as structural building materials are negatively affected by humidity (15). The little knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the sandstone of the Cerro de San Cristóbal, causes great uncertainty in the technicians and restorers who have to make decisions on how to intervene in the historical heritage, since this stone is the main element, which assumes competences structural, being constituted as a fundamental material of the walls and pillars. Therefore, an adequate knowledge of the stone would ensure greater rigor in decisionmaking by said technicians. The research developed aims to provide an analysis model, proposing a non‐destructive method, with which to know its mechanical properties, in addition to obtaining the necessary foundations to reveal the real state in which the stone is found and its repercussion on the behavior of the structure of the building, even taking into account the condition caused by the presence of humidity. To articulate the analysis model, it is necessary to analyze and identify the physical (density, porosity and absorption) and mechanical properties (static and dynamic longitudinal deformation modulus, as well as the uniaxial compression resistance) of each of the samples through a campaign experimental, considering different moisture contents. These techniques would increase their practical applicability, and with the support of some laboratory tests, data would be taken from different areas of the building, that is, it would be possible to know the state of the stone in many areas of the building affected by some pathology, in a campaign non‐destructive testing without having to rely on specimen extraction. This project has a unique opportunity to have stone samples extracted from the Church of Santiago de Jerez de la Frontera, during the last restoration carried out by D. Emilio Yanes Bustamante and D. Alejandro Cobo, samples that were extracted from the core of some columns and load‐bearing walls and of which we know their position in the building and their orientation with respect to the load axis of the building
Espai Cràter. El projecte
Get PDFEl paisatge volcànic de les valls d’Olot és el resultat de la configuració d’un territori complex i singular. Durant els darrers 350.000 anys, la tectònica de plaques, els més de quaranta-cinc volcans i vint colades de lava han dibuixat un territori de notable interès paisatgístic. Un relleu suau i fèrtil, de vegetació abundant, amb gran diversitat d’espècies recobreix tot el territori
Method for construction management of passive modular houses
No full textEste artículo presenta el diseño y comprobación de un innovador método de dirección de obra para construcciones modulares pasivas, alineado con la metodología lean construction - Last planner system. Y que, a su vez, garantice los criterios de diseño de una construcción ecoeficiente. Motivado por la complejidad que reside en la ejecución de construcciones modulares. Se define esta guía con el objetivo de potenciar la eficiencia de la puesta en obra y asegurar un alto grado de industrialización. Para ello se detallan las singularidades de las fases de ejecución, los hitos de verificación y se estudian los errores recurrentes y su subsanación. El documento concluye con la obtención de resultados significativos sobre los parámetros que garantizan la productividad de la construcción “plazo, coste, calidad y sostenibilidad”.This article presents the design and verification of an innovative construction management method for passive modular constructions, aligned with the lean construction - Last planner system methodology. In addition, that in turn, guarantees the design criteria of an eco-efficient construction. Motivated by the complexity that resides in the execution of modular constructions. This guide is defined with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of commissioning and ensuring a high degree of industrialization. For this, the singularities of the execution phases, the verification milestones are detailed, and recurring errors and their correction are studied. The document concludes with the obtaining of significant results on the parameters that guarantee the productivity of the construction “term, cost, quality and sustainability”