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Casa Consistorial en Valverde de Campos, en Valladolid. Un espacio para la cohesión social
No full textEn un pueblo pequeño es donde más se necesitan lugares que fomenten la convivencia entre vecinos. Y esta es la premisa que ha seguido el equipo responsable de esta nueva infraestructura municipal que funciona como una microciudad dentro de la localidad, construida con materiales típicos de la zona
Variations in the physical and mechanical behavior of basalt fiber reinforced NHL mortars exposed to different curing conditions
No full textThis paper investigates experimentally the short-term behavior of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortars reinforced with ballast fiber for use as structural repair mortars in historic and contemporary buildings. The physical and mechanical properties of mortar mixes reinforced with 0.143–0.215 mm equivalent thick and 12 mm long fibers in volumetric percentages of 1 %, as well as of unreinforced mortars, produced with different compaction methods and cured under different environmental conditions, have been evaluated. A cost-effectiveness analysis has also been carried out to determine the economic impact of these factors in their practical application. It is found that basalt fiber reinforcement provides lower water absorption coefficients and significantly improves the shore hardness, compressive strength, and post-critical flexural behavior of NHL mortars at early ages. Furthermore, it is observed that the compaction procedure can improve the packing density of the mortars providing higher densities, lower water absorption coefficients and higher mechanical strength values. Finally, it is verified that the curing parameters affect unevenly the basalt fiber reinforced NHL mortars and unreinforced NHL mortars, with greater deterioration being observed in the former when sufficient moisture is not ensured. Decreases in hardness, flexural and compressive strength, as well as increases in the water absorption coefficient are important. Consequently, the economic profitability of basalt fiber reinforcement depends on ensuring optimal moisture conditions during curing, especially when the mixes have already lost excess water after the first 2–3 days. The study provides quantitative and qualitative data to determine the appropriate curing parameters for basalt fiber reinforced NHL mortars that are viable in practice for their industrial performance
Psychological distress among Brazilian workers during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study
No full textBackground: COVID-19 pandemic imposed drastic and abrupt changes to working environment and organization and that might have caused additional negative effects on mental health. Thus, this study aimed to quantify and assess the severity of psychological distress experienced by Brazilian essential and nonessential workers during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive study included 2,903 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020. The research questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Brazilian population from a questionnaire developed and validated for the Spanish population. Variables were analyzed using simple and cumulative percentage distributions and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The Wilson score interval was used to calculate confidence interval (CI) for the main outcome, psychological distress. Results: It was observed a high prevalence (72.6%) of psychological distress among the study's participants. They also presented a median risk perception score of 60 (out of a maximum of 90), and their greatest concern was transmitting the virus to family members, close contacts or patients. Furthermore, it was found a lower sense of coherence and work engagement among the participants than those observed in previous studies conducted in other countries. Conclusion: Almost three quarters of the study's participants were classified as presenting psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to provide mental health remotely delivered interventions to workers during public health events that require prolonged social distancing measures
Musealisation of architectural heritage for sustainable and inclusive tourism. The Yonghe Temple. Beijing
No full textArchitectural heritage is one of the best testaments to the history of civilizations, embodying multidisciplinary values that should be shared through diverse cultural offerings. To achieve this, it is crucial to select engaging themes and develop museological materials that enhance understanding and appreciation of such sites. Equally important is leveraging modern dissemination technologies to reach diverse audiences effectively. The Falun Hall of the Yonghe Temple in Beijing exemplifies this approach. By analyzing its architectural elements, materials, and decorations, specific content can be created to enrich visitors’ experiences while promoting appreciation, dissemination, and conservation. The growth of global cultural tourism underscores the importance of sustainable practices that add touristic value, educate visitors, and align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) without compromising heritage integrity. Virtual Reality (VR) offers transformative opportunities for heritage preservation. Digital models of historical
Transportable temporary homes with folding roof
No full textThe design of transitional housing for humanitarian emergencies is an important line of research in current architecture in the world. The response to an emergency, whether due to natural causes or irregular migratory movements, begins with provisory solutions, but as it continues over time, it is necessary to design temporary solutions that can house those affected until their definitive relocation is found. These homes must be able to be implemented in a short period of time, so the most appropriate solutions are prefabricated, light and transportable homes that require minimal work on site. In this sense, a type of modular and transportable housing will be analysed, made up of elements that can be stored compactly, assembled in the factory and transported complete to the place where they are needed. At your location they can be installed quickly and with the fewest possible number of operations. Finally, at the end of their period of use, they can be transferred back to the factory to be disassembled and stored while waiting to be reused again. The article develops a housing model with these characteristics. As part of a company-university collaboration agreement, the Emsamble company has built an experimental module similar to the one proposed, which has been subjected to various tests by the authors. The results obtained are provided and a critical review of the built prototype and the proposed lines of improvement is made
Holistic assessment of the economic, environmental, and social impact of building construction. Application to housing construction in Andalusia
No full textBuildings, although increasingly efficient, currently lack a comparative analysis from a holistic perspective. A large part of the effort to increase their efficiency focuses on their direct consumption of water and energy through the design of more efficient systems, but another large part of the consumption is caused indirectly by the production processes and the construction itself, and these are usually disregarded. To tackle this problem, a model is proposed for the evaluation of indirect impacts that take place during the building construction phase. The three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) from the construction site perspective are evaluated by integrating the assessment of social and environmental impact indicators with cost control tools. Construction cost control is normally defined by classification and coding systems of work units. In order to make this integration straightforward for practitioners, the existing classification is employed as a basis to systematize the evaluation of the other two dimensions of sustainability. The environmental assessment is covered with the PREDICE tool, developed here, which evaluates the footprint family indicators. For the social assessment, a secondary tool evaluates the project occupational risks. The model is applied to the construction of social housing in Andalusia, validating its versatility and allowing to simulate different scenarios. Five out of sixty work units evaluated represent around 70% of the total impact in each category. Three of those work units (concrete slab, façade plastering bricks, and brick partition walls) are replaced by a reticular slab, gypsum board partitions, and bricks with exposed face without plastering, respectively. These modifications allow reducing up to 20% the impacts in several categories
Urban Development and Climate Change: Implications for Educational Tourism Destination Planning
No full textGlobal warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, transportation, and the transformation of land use caused by population growth is a critical problem that requires immediate and urgent interventions, especially in popular tourism destinations where the impact on quality of life is intense. In recent years, while new urban developments have been carried out for higher education institutions, less attention has been paid to the environmental implications of such expansions. Surprisingly, despite a growing interest in climate change action in educational institutions, little is known about the link between Land Surface Temperature (LST) variability and Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) of university campuses and their host communities. To fill the gaps mentioned earlier, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of the SUHI and the LST within a university campus and its surrounding urban environment. Using Sentinel 3 images and the TsHARP algorithm, the LST was determined, the SUHI was calculated, and the hot spots were obtained in an educational tourism hub; Famagusta, Cyprus. The Panel Data and ANOVA techniques were used for the subsequent analysis of the findings. Findings indicated that due to its low-rise buildings and large green areas, the studied campus not only had little contribution to the creation of SUHI but even minimized its effects on the urban areas attached to it. These findings provide valuable implications for authorities in standardizing criteria for future university establishments
Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Application of Corrosion Inhibitors to Steel Re-Bars Embedded in Concrete
No full textReinforced concrete is the most widely used material in the construction of building structures, being noted for its versatility and low cost. However, the durability of reinforced concrete structures can be compromised by the corrosion of steel re-bars, especially in the presence of chlorides. To address this challenge and promote sustainability, the use of corrosion inhibitors has been researched as a way to extend the lifespan of structures. This study assessed the effectiveness of using a commercial corrosion inhibitor on steel re-bars embedded in types of concrete with different chloride percentages, using electrochemical methods to measure the corrosion rate and potential. The results indicate that, in the absence of corrosion inhibitors, corrosion rates become unacceptable with chloride percentages equal to or higher than 0.8% by weight of cement. The application of inhibitors significantly reduced the corrosion rate, particularly at chloride percentages of 0.8% and 1.2%, maintaining the re-bars in a passive state or at moderate levels of corrosion. However, for chloride percentages higher than 1.6%, high levels of corrosion were observed, even in the presence of inhibitors. The findings suggest that the use of inhibitors can be an effective strategy in preventing corrosion in reinforced concrete structures, contributing to their structural integrity and long-term sustainability
Social–Emotional Management to Promote Quality in Education: A Training Program for Teachers
No full textSocial–emotional management in educational centers is a key element nowadays to achieve quality education, having become even more important after the pandemic period caused by the COVID-19 virus. Training programs in socioemotional skills, such as the EmocionaTFamilia program, are necessary to enhance teachers’ soft skills. This research aims to understand how the EmocionaTFamilia program promotes socioemotional skills to deal with teaching management and practice, as well as the fear generated by the pandemic. For this purpose, quantitative and qualitative evaluative research on the program has been carried out using the TMMS and COVID-19 fear online questionnaires, in which emotional attention, clarity, and repair, as well as fear, have been analyzed. A total of 21 participants, including the school’s management team and elementary and secondary teachers, participated in an educational institution located in Madrid, Colombia. The age of the sample ranged from 22 to 54 years old, with 1 to 20 years of teaching experience. The program was implemented in six sessions over three months, sequenced at three levels: the development of awareness and basic training in emotional education; the development of emotional competences; and coping with fear. The results show that, once the program has been implemented, there is an improvement in the means of all the emotional dimensions and in coping with fear in the study population. These dimensions allow for becoming aware of emotions and learning to place them in the right place, acquiring awareness to accompany students in their strengths and weaknesses. Encouraging listening to peers to transform fears into gratitude is promoted. Thus, the findings of this research reveal a scenario that underscores the need for adequate continuous training in socioemotional skills to enable the management of emotions and fear in the classroom
Risk of bioaerosols in small and poorly ventilated indoor places with low concurrent use
No full textCurrently, the risk of aerosol transmission of respiratory viruses such as SARS-Cov-2 indoors is recognised. Therefore, the objective of this work is focused on the study of small and poorly ventilated indoor spaces with low concurrent use, to find out if it is possible in a simple way to obtain at least an orientation of the potential risk for users at each moment of use. The methodology is based on the study of the existing bibliography, analysing models, equations, and calculations to find out if it is possible to use any of them to the case and that at the same time does not present excessive complexity. The results and conclusions indicate that there are clear limitations (fluid dynamics- aerodynamic, influence by temperature, light and humidity, or situations in which the user speaks, sings, shouts, coughs, or sneezes), but useful approximations can be offered regarding the risk of use