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The Santa María Micaela Residential Complex in Valencia (Spain) Study of the Original Design to Assess Its Bioclimatic Potentials for Energy Upgrading
No full textThe existing built heritage is excessively energy intensive compared to the standards required by European policies that promote zero- or near-zero-energy buildings. Hence the need to promote a radical energy requalification of the existing stock through ad hoc solutions. In the modelling of buildings undergoing redevelopment, the boundary conditions considered by the designer are often underestimated, resulting in a digital model that does not perfectly adhere to reality, due to a lack of historical and documentary knowledge. The present work—which concerns the Santa Maria Micaela residential complex built in Valencia by architect Santiago Artal Ríos, a representative work of Spanish Modernism—aims to overcome this vulnus with modelling that also takes into account historical and archive information. The housing complex was studied using a multidisciplinary approach with historical–archival analyses and site surveys that allowed BIM modelling and localisation in a WEB-GIS platform. The modelling took into account the peculiarities of the original design (exposure, windiness, and shading) and data from historical research (stratigraphy of building elements, dimensions, types of materials). The energy simulation, on the other hand, referred to a representative dwelling unit of the complex, and using SolidWorks software the ventilation flows were evaluated, which made it possible to create a model that was more in keeping with reality and to more correctly identify the performance upgrading proposal. The energy improvement was then evaluated according to the hypothesised interventions using two different analysis methodologies, TerMus and CE3X, for direct comparison. The transposition into WebGIS then made it possible to assess the potential of a digital platform to enhance information sharing
Life cycle assessment of innovative eco-construction system : interlocking modular insulation panels (IMIP)
No full textThe IMIP project is about taking action to achieve the triple bottom line: economic, environmental, and social, both in the life cycle of the materials and processes and in the service life of the building systems developed in the project. Four panels have been designed to implement a new industrialised and green building system using biobased materials to improve energy efficiency, assembly, disassembly, reuse and reducing demolition costs and waste materials. The objective of this paper is to assess the environmental impact of the panels and to compare them to conventional constructive systems. According to the analysis, the panels have great potential in terms of energy efficiency, circularity, cost, and environmental impact. As they are made from natural bio-based materials and their design is based on assembly and disassembly, the panels sequester CO2 and show excellent sustainability, circularity, and reusability results. The disassembly and recycling capacity of IMIP products are critical to the results of the manufacturing stage, as they can be considered a substitute in further production. This assessment identifies the main strengths of the proposed panels in terms of sustainability compared to usual market competitors
BIG4LIFE (building-integrated greenery): collaborative xeriscaping-based maintenance and monitoring in mediterranean cities
No full textThe BIG4LIFE project aims to achieve the co-design of framework plans for co- maintenance, co-monitoring and co-evaluation of impacts, of Building-Integrated Greenery (BIG) systems, i.e. green roofs and facades, under the demanding conditions of the Mediterranean climate. For this scope, the BIG4LIFE project will demonstrate that by applying xeriscaping and networking approaches, supported by the suitable smart solutions, not only the long-term viability of BIG systems is feasible, but also their positive service life, in terms of ecosystem services provided, is possible to be enhanced. Co-designed with key stakeholders, and following a “by building typology approach”, the elaborated plans will be tested and validated in real BIG projects under operational phase, both failed and successful ones. The aim is to demonstrate that by means of establishing “networking approaches” through involving owners, users, maintenance companies, among other, as well as also taking advantage of the Community Service Learning methodologies, it is possible to achieve long-term sustainability for BIG systems. Moreover, by assessing and enhancing their positive service life, it is possible to calculate their cost- effectiveness and feasibility to be subsequently incorporated in the local and national policies and standards
Detection of abnormal photovoltaic systems’ operation with minimum data requirements based on Recursive Least Squares algorithms
No full textIn the last years, the massive deployment of new photovoltaic (PV) power plants has launched the connection of PV inverters to the electrical network. A single medium-sized ground-mounted PV plant may have thousands of these inverters linked to the grid and even more PV panels on the DC side. Upon reaching such a substantial magnitude of devices involved in grid-connected installations, the effective operation, management, predictive maintenance, and fault detection becomes increasingly challenging without integrating advanced prediction and automated anomaly detection systems. Artificial intelligence algorithms, grounded in data measurements, can be pivotal in addressing this challenge. This paper proposes several regression-based methods to predict PV plants’ energy generation, which is useful for detecting transient and long-term anomalies. These models are trained using a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method and require a minimum number of variables to yield satisfactory outcomes, which is one of the paper’s contributions. They mainly rely on energy generation measurements and geolocation. Within the scope of this research, two distinct algorithms have been implemented and validated. The first algorithm, a simplified model, is engineered to analyse the daily efficiency variation, prioritizing the identification of faults and abnormal operational profiles in PV plants. On the other hand, the second algorithm adopts a more intricate model tailored to facilitate long-term diagnosis, enabling the assessment of PV efficiency degradation. In this work, both algorithms are described and their performance is validated using the historical data from more than 20 PV plants placed in different climatic regions
Sustainable Innovation in Ceiling: Exploring the Environmental Benefits of a New Plaster–Rock Wool Layered Recycled Composite
No full textThis paper presents a new layered plaster-based material for building purposes. First, a new manufacturing machine was designed to make the elaboration process easier. This manufacturing machine and the way it works are described. In this study, perlite and recycled glass wool (RGW) were added to traditional plaster with the aim of improving the performance of this material. Two series (with and without perlite) and three different layer configurations were developed and assessed. Recycled glass wool layered materials were subjected to both physical and mechanical characterisation to determine their suitability for precast elaboration. The addition of perlite resulted in a significant improvement in flexural strength. Moreover, the addition of RGW also gave rise to extra flexural strength when added. The two-layered samples performed better than the one-layered samples. Mechanical properties increased up to 75% when both the perlite and RGW layers were added. Potential Global Warming Potential (GWP 100) savings were also analysed, reporting up to 49% savings. A complementary cost analysis was performed, aimed at establishing potential savings in production costs; thus, 13–57% potential cost savings were reported. After that, a comparative analysis within the literature was conducted to contextualise the results obtained in this stud
Mussel shell mortars durability: Study of aggregate replacement limit
No full textThe knowledge acquired through previous experimental phases with coating mortars with mussel shell aggregates led to conclude that irregular, flaky and hydrophobic particles of the mussel shell and the organic matter content introduce entrapped air and entrained air in the mixes. This phenomenon causes different and opposite effects on the main properties of mortars, which are in some way positive and negative (for durability), consequently, their durability cannot be easily predicted. The present work pretends to analyse the results of different durability tests, such as water vapour permeability, adhesive strength, and weathering cycles to recommend the maximum percentage of mussel shell sand used in coating mortars that guarantee the required lifespan. After an in-depth literature review, it can be said that it is not easy to predict the durability of mortars using mussel shell aggregates. This question has been hardly analysed in the existing literature and the maximum substitution percentage of conventional aggregate that can be replaced is not clear. This work aims to answer this issue by analysing different properties: water vapour permeability, adhesive strength, and weathering cycles. Mussel shell content improves the water vapour permeability of both air lime and cement mortars but worsens the adhesive strength and weathering cycle behaviour. For most applications, 25 % of mussel shell aggregate can be employed, but for some applications, 50 % or even 75 % of mussel shell aggregate is feasible and will avoid the undesirable landfilling of this waste
High frequency venting of MEMS ultrasonic transducers and sensors: materials solutions
No full textThis paper introduces the concept of ultrasonic venting. Similar to acoustic vents, ultrasonic vents refer to the aperture in air-coupled MEMS ultrasonic transducers (either PMUT or CMUT) intended to allow the equalization of internal and external pressures, the transfer of heat and the pass of ultrasonic waves, while impeding the penetration of fluids or particles that can affect the transducer membrane. To that end, vents are covered with a porous membrane whose properties are tuned to meet the afore mentioned requirements. The main difficulty in ultrasonic venting, compared with acoustic venting, is that the required “transparency” to ultrasonic waves is much more difficult to achieve. This involves two main problems as both transmission loss and frequency distortion are much larger at ultrasonic frequencies than in the audio range. The objectives of this paper are: to measure the response of acoustic venting materials in the ultrasonic frequency range, to determine the usability of these materials in ultrasonic vents, and to extract useful information for the design of efficient ultrasonic venting materials. Transmission coefficient spectra of different acoustic venting materials is measured in the frequency range 0.2 – 2.7 MHz. The origin of the ultrasonic losses and frequency distortion are analysed as well as the role of mode conversion, internal interferences, modes interference, etc. Results reveal that none of the acoustic venting materials analysed can be used in ultrasonic venting applications, but the obtained knowledge about the response of these materials in the ultrasonic frequency range permit to advance in the selection of successful candidate materials for this application
Comparative Analysis of Thermal Behaviour in Heritage in Different Seasons. The Royal Hospital of Granada
No full textThe present investigation carries out a thermal evaluation of two rooms located in the Royal Hospital of Granada (Rector’s Office). This is a heritage building where have been done studies that allow the as-sessment of possible improvements in future interventions that guarantee improvement in en-ergy and regulatory compliance are decisive. This article presents for the first time, through energy simulation, the behavior of two rooms in two temporal periods, thermally extreme (summer and winter) and with opposite orientations. This has allowed the potential benefits to be considered in real climate conditions. The results demonstrate and quantify that considering the location, orientation, arrangement of openings, and inclusion of transition zones between the exterior and the interior, an improvement in thermal comfort is obtained. The southwesterly orientation is favorable in the winter period and the northeasterly orientation in the summer period. It is also confirmed that the arrangement of thick masonry walls responds adequately in climates with high thermal amplitudes, favoring the mitigation of extreme conditions. It is concluded by stating that the orientation and the construction components are the main responsible factors for the thermal capacity in this type of building. In this context, the use of non-destructive study methods offers valuable scientific support through the results obtained
Estrategias de comunicación con usuarios para mejorar la eficiencia energética, calidad del aire y confort higrotérmico en sus viviendas
Get PDFLa importancia del confort y la calidad del aire en espacios interiores es crucial debido a que los individuos pasan la mayor parte de su tiempo en interiores, afectando directamente su salud y productividad. A pesar de los esfuerzos centrados en mejorar mediante rehabilitación el estado de la construcción de los edificios, se destaca la influencia significativa de la conducta de los usuarios en los parámetros de consumo y ahorro energético de los mismos. De este modo, hay que tener en cuenta la ciencia del Neuromarketing, que integra conocimientos de neurología, psicología y sociología para comprender las motivaciones y actitudes que guían el comportamiento del usuario. Además de ello, la introducción de edificios inteligentes resalta la importancia de que los usuarios conozcan los datos de comportamiento del edificio en tiempo real. En este contexto, se desarrolla el presente estudio, el cual propone diseñar estrategias de comunicación para mejorar la eficiencia energética, la calidad del aire y el confort higrotérmico de una muestra de viviendas, enfocándose en la concienciación sobre los hábitos de los usuarios. Para ello, se basa en los datos obtenidos de una muestra de 250 viviendas, participantes del proyecto I+D de monitorización de viviendas para la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura sobre eficiencia energética (Programa Operativo FEDER 2014-2020). En este proyecto se implementa un sistema de información que recoge, mediante sensorización, los datos dinámicos de calidad del aire, variables higrotérmicas y consumo energético de las viviendas y, a través de encuestas, los estáticos, relativos a la tipología y uso de las mismas. Así, tras su almacenamiento en diferentes bases de datos, se proporciona acceso a los usuarios a los mismos en tiempo real a través de una herramienta de visualización, en la cual se diseñan distintos paneles informativos, teniendo en cuenta los rangos de confort higrotérmico y calidad del aire, basados en normativas como el CTE DB-HE2 y el RITE, y los baremos de consumo eléctrico del IDAE. La información de las distintas variables se ha mostrado con valores instantáneos y series históricas, y se han establecido comparaciones con otras viviendas para incentivar la reducción del consumo. De este modo, se establecen como estrategias de comunicación los tableros de visualización, diseñados para que los usuarios comprendan fácilmente la información de sus viviendas y actúen en consecuencia. Otra estrategia de comunicación utilizada ha sido una plataforma de mensajería cuyo fin es mantener a los usuarios conectados al proyecto e informados, para ello se han utilizado píldoras explicativas y noticias sobre temas como la configuración de equipos, consumo en reposo o cambios de hábitos; también se han realizado charlas y reuniones para resolver consultas. Como fin último, se ha propuesto un enfoque integral del problema que incluye la monitorización de datos en tiempo real, y estrategias de comunicación y concienciación a través de plataformas digitales, para persuadir y concienciar a los usuarios sobre cómo unos buenos hábitos pueden reducir el consumo de energía y aumentar el confort higrotérmico y la calidad del aire.Consejo General de la Arquitectura Técnica de Españ
Área de transformación y mejora “Santa Adela". Regeneración y renovación social y urbana
Get PDFObjetivo del «A.T.M.-2»: Establece el «Plan Especial de Reforma Interior» (P.E.R.I.) que regula la actuación el principal objetivo de la misma. Este no es otro que el de conseguir la revitalización socio-económica y la integración social de esta zona edificada en los años 50’ del s. XX, a través de una intervención pública integral que combina obras de demolición, de edificación, [re-] urbanización, rehabilitación y realojo y retorno de los vecinos afectados, todo ello acompañado del necesario trabajo socio-educativo y con la participación de la población afectada, a fin de mejorar las condiciones de vida de los vecinos mediante la transformación de las viviendas y la creación de nuevos espacios públicos y equipamientos. A nivel general, estos objetivos se enmarcan dentro de planteamientos urbanísticos y sociales que persiguen incidir en la recuperación de la ciudad construida con una adecuada intervención en una zona cuyo estado actual de deterioro, abandono, inadecuación urbanística y social, requiere de una serie de propuestas encaminadas a conseguir una REGENERACIÓN de la zona, tanto desde el punto de vista URBANÍSTICO como SOCIAL, asegurando en todo el proceso la participación de la población afectada