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La reglamentació de seguretat contra incendis
No full textLa normativa sobre seguretat contra incendis en edificis sovint ha evolucionat després que s'hagin produit accidents
Estudio de daños en fachadas revestidas
No full textLa técnica japonesa conocida como Kintsugi o Kintsukuroi es un método empleado para reparar objetos cerámicos rotos. En lugar de intentar ocultar las fracturas, esta técnica resalta las líneas de rotura al aplicar un barniz de resina espolvoreado con polvo de oro. El término Kintsugi se puede traducir como "reparación dorada". Por consiguiente, esta técnica destaca las cicatrices dejadas por el paso del tiempo en los objetos, exaltando la belleza de estas ‘heridas de guerra’ que demuestran el uso y la vida que han tenido. Esta analogía puede aplicarse a nuestras propias vidas y experiencias, tanto en los aciertos como en los fracasos. Del mismo modo, podemos emplear este enfoque en el análisis de problemas en elementos constructivos, potenciando el conocimiento obtenido de estas situaciones problemáticas para extraer conclusiones y evitar repetir errores en el futuro. Comprendiendo esta historia y aprendiendo de nuestras malas experiencias, podemos mejorar individual y colectivamente nuestras acciones futuras. Bajo la premisa filosófica anterior, este documento que tiene en sus manos pretende ser un instrumento divulgativo que ayude a los profesionales de la construcción a conocer cuáles son las lesiones más habituales en las fachadas revestidas, y así, conociéndolas, intentar evitarlas en las siguientes actuaciones que se acometan. Después de más de un año de investigación en el que se ha trabajado de manera continua e intensa, se presenta este resumen de daños que pormenoriza la interrelación de cada uno de los parámetros que intervienen en cada proceso patológico. Se trata de una investigación que (ya sea por su elevadísimo número de casos -5.115- o por la magnitud multifocal del análisis estadístico) es pionera respecto a otros estudios de investigación que se realizan habitualmente. Se anima a que después de la lectura de este informe, se complete la información técnica con la consulta de otra serie de publicaciones redactadas por el mismo autor y editadas también por la Fundación Musaat, como son: la Biblioteca de Técnicos Noveles (serie de fachadas) y los Documentos de Orientación Técnica en Edificación (capítulo de fachadas)
Influence of a cardiac rehabilitation programme on the return to work of workers with ischaemic heart disease: Influence of a cardiac rehabilitation programme
No full textThis study aimed to examine the employment status of patients who have experienced ischemic heart disease one year after undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. For this, a quasi-experimental pre-post study without a control group of active workers aged 18 to 65 years diagnosed with ischemic heart disease and included in a cardiac rehabilitation programme was conducted. Sociodemographic and occupational data, cardiovascular risk factors and clinical-therapeutic data on heart disease were collected. A total of 214 patients were included, of which 115 patients returned to work. Several clinical factors contributing to return to work were identified: preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction (≥55%), < 3 obstructed coronary vessels, and stent revascularisation. Socio-occupational factors that may positively influence return to work were identified: age < 50 years, absence of anxious-depressive symptoms, higher level of education, and occupations with low physical strain. Cardiac rehabilitation is effective in improving cardiac function and health-related quality of life in workers with ischemic heart disease. Return to work and duration of temporary incapacity were associated with clinical-therapeutic variables and psycho-socio-occupational factors, such as type of job, physical strain, anxiety and depression, and age of the worker
Machine-Learning Algorithms in the Service Life Prediction of Facility Management: Approach in Southern Chile
No full textConcerning preventive maintenance plans for heritage timber buildings, computational methods are pioneering knowledge for the implementation of new preservation approaches in heritage structure management. In this context, fuzzy logic and random forest methodologies manage both data obtained from professional experts and data obtained in situ from the buildings themselves. This kind of digital procedure can harmonize the outcomes of building assessments because slight variations in the evaluation of input parameters do not produce a significant dispersion over the model’s output. Preventive conservation strategies require cooperation among qualified experts who examine multidisciplinary knowledge related to heritage properties. Thus, new digital protocols and procedures that help decision makers prioritize preventive interventions and avoid corrective actions are paramount in minimizing the irreparable loss of properties. The main aim of this research is a new approach to two computational management systems: fuzzy logic and random forest. The outcomes of this study will be useful to stakeholders who are responsible for the maintenance of heritage buildings, as this methodology reduces the probability of failure and uncertainty during decision-making. The instruments derived will establish mitigation strategies oriented toward proactive future maintenance programs for heritage timber buildings in southern Chile
Initiative to Increase the Circularity of HDPE Waste in the Construction Industry: A Physico-Mechanical Characterization of New Sustainable Gypsum Products
No full textThe annual production of plastic waste worldwide has doubled in just two decades, with approximately 390 million tonnes of plastic waste now being generated. In this context, the construction industry must move towards the development of new, more sustainable materials made under circular economy criteria. In this work, a physico-mechanical characterisation of gypsum composites with the incorporation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste, replacing 2–4–6–8–10% by volume of the original raw material, has been conducted. The results show how the incorporation of these plastic wastes improves the water resistance of the gypsum material without additions, as well as producing a decrease in thermal conductivity and greater resistance to impact. On the other hand, it has been found that, as the percentage of recycled raw material added increases, the mechanical resistance to bending and compression decreases, leading to fracture due to a lack of cohesion between the matrix and the waste. Nevertheless, in all the cases studied, mechanical strengths higher than those established by the EN 13279-2 standard were obtained. Thus, the results confirm the viability of these secondary raw materials to be used in the development of new products for sustainable building, especially in the design of prefabricated panels for false ceilings
Ageing population and urban spaces – New digital challenges for elderly well-being
No full textThe essay proposes a critical reading of some of the main issues currently underway globally concerning the growing percentage of elderly people living in urbanised contexts affecting their well-being. Looking at urban complexity with respect to the elderly cohort means investigating the constant evolution of the person-environment relationship and the existing limits, as well as the negative consequences of climate change and its influence on the health of frail subjects. In relation to these dynamics, digitalisation is identified as a transversal challenge that can support active and healthy ageing. The contribution addresses the issues emerging from the reference literature, highlighting critical issues and potentialities concerning the coexistence of these themes for possible future research scenarios in the field of technological and environmental design
Effect of cassava starch, hydrated lime, and carboxymethylcellulose on the physicomechanical behavior of mixtures with clay matrix
No full textThe physical and mechanical behavior of experimental mixtures with additions of cassava starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, and hydrated lime in a clay matrix is described. The added elements accounted for 3% of the weight of the mixes and the clay matrix for 97%. Mixing water was incorporated in different % according to the workability and molding of the mixes. Tests indicated the influence of additions on volumetric changes, particle detachment, and mechanical strength of the experimental mixtures. It was concluded that percentages ≥ 50% carboxymethylcellulose favored properties in mixtures. The opposite result was obtained with the addition of lime. Mixtures with additions of 25% cassava starch and 75% carboxymethylcellulose reported similar mechanical behavior and no particle detachment
Linguistic analysis for occupational risk assessment communication using the Lpac in an AI environment
No full textRisk assessment methodologies results in construction sector are usually reported within a very limited linguistic context of preventive action, which may involve interpretation difficulties. This research identifies the problem of risk assessment methodologies to linguistically convey the results of risk assessment to construction workers. The methodology adapted to construction sites called Level of Preventive Action (Lpac) determines levels of preventive action control related to a spectrum of quantitative results, with data collection based on physical conditions of the environment with sensors in the construction and safety systems; and behavioural conditions and worker emotional state with body sensors, locators and integrating with the BIM approach. The communication of the results must be adapted to the multiple variables that occur in a communicative interaction. The Lpac method proposes a broad spectrum of preventive action control conditions on the physical and human environment that are transmitted to the worker, which allows for different communicative possibilities. In this sense, safety is assessed concerning the different risks involved in work performance, applying control banding concepts. Optimising the physical and human environment in real time is essential through devices that generate a complex human-machine interaction within an artificial intelligence environment in the construction sector
The Environmental Control of Historic Arab Baths: A Thermodynamic Simulation of the Hernando de Zafra Baths in Granada
No full textThe Arab baths of Hernando de Zafra, popularly known as Casa de las Tumbas, are found at the intersection of calle Elvira and calle San Andrés in the historic centre of Granada (Spain). This article presents a thermodynamic study of the environmental operation of this complex of Arab baths, which has a furnace and hot, warm, and cold rooms, as well as auxiliary adjoining spaces and annexes. Computer models are used for the finite element analysis of the fluid dynamics for the process of lighting the furnace and subsequently diffusing the temperature, and smoke is expelled through the chimneys. The FDS software used—verified and validated by the NIST—processes the conditions for lighting the furnace and the thermal transmission of the generated heat to the different rooms in the building. This is the first case of this software being used for an analysis of the ancient Arab baths. The results show the global thermal behaviour, and the conclusions establish the temperatures reached inside the rooms and the thermal energy contributions needed to reach these temperatures
Promoting the use of geopolymer and alkali-activated materials through the identification of critical factors and strategies
No full textGeopolymers (GP) and alkali-activated materials (AAMs) technology are emerging as eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to traditional binders like Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), offering significant environmental benefits. Despite more than four decades of research and development, the commercial exploitation of GP and AAMs remains unrealised. In an attempt from this research paper to identify key success factors and limitations of this technology and propose strategies to exploit the available opportunities and address significant challenges hindering the widespread adoption of GP and AAMs in the global green construction market. The following comprehensive approach was undertaken to achieve the aforementioned objectives, this involved a thorough critical literature review and the formulation of a triple SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) - Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) - TOWS hybrid analysis. The results demonstrate that GP and AAMs are promising materials highlighting strengths derived from their remarkable performance and durability properties, as well as the potential opportunities for GP and AAMs to reduce the environmental impact by using by-products, particularly local ones “zero-kilometre”, aligns with the objectives of sustainability and the circular economy, compared to conventional materials. However, the findings confirm experts’ positive assessments of GP and AAMs technology, several barriers that could critically threaten their development and implementation. These barriers include the absence of standards, design complexity, feasibility and performance of the final product dependent on variation factors, and handling difficulties. Finally, a set of strategies has been established to implement GP and AAMs by encouraging adoption through the implementation of a regulatory framework supported by the government. These strategies include developing local codes and test methods, providing economic incentives, fostering cooperative research globally, and organizing awareness campaigns. This article will help to provide a solid foundation for future research aimed at resolving controversial issues related to the implementation of GP and AAMs technology and promoting a positive perception of GP and AAMs among all stakeholders and decision-makers